diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 365261eec20..0c18d07b8e4 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ### New features
 
+* [#6704](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/pull/6704): Add new `Rails/ReflectionClassName` cop. ([@Bhacaz][])
 * [#6643](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/pull/6643): Support `AllowParenthesesInCamelCaseMethod` option on `Style/MethodCallWithArgsParentheses` `omit_parentheses`. ([@dazuma][])
 
 ### Bug fixes
@@ -3787,3 +3788,4 @@
 [@dazuma]: https://github.com/dazuma
 [@dischorde]: https://github.com/dischorde
 [@mhelmetag]: https://github.com/mhelmetag
+[@Bhacaz]: https://github.com/bhacaz
diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index bd2370ba520..87f4d74d821 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -2493,6 +2493,11 @@ Rails/RedundantReceiverInWithOptions:
   Enabled: true
   VersionAdded: '0.52'
 
+Rails/ReflectionClassName:
+  Description: 'Use a string for `class_name` option value in the definition of a reflection.'
+  Enabled: true
+  VersionAdded: '0.64'
+
 Rails/RefuteMethods:
   Description: 'Use `assert_not` methods instead of `refute` methods.'
   Enabled: true
diff --git a/lib/rubocop.rb b/lib/rubocop.rb
index 115b892f8db..fd64ff7a8fd 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop.rb
@@ -592,6 +592,7 @@
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/present'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/read_write_attribute'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/redundant_receiver_in_with_options'
+require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/refute_methods'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/relative_date_constant'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/rails/request_referer'
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..542a89f7ef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module Rails
+      # This cop checks if the value of the option `class_name`, in
+      # the definition of a reflection is a string.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   # bad
+      #   has_many :accounts, class_name: Account
+      #   has_many :accounts, class_name: Account.name
+      #
+      #   # good
+      #   has_many :accounts, class_name: 'Account'
+      class ReflectionClassName < Cop
+        MSG = 'Use a string has value for a class_name.'.freeze
+
+        def_node_matcher :association_with_options?, <<-PATTERN
+          (send nil? {:has_many :has_one :belongs_to} _ (hash $...))
+        PATTERN
+
+        def_node_search :reflection_class_name, <<-PATTERN
+          (pair (sym :class_name) !str)
+        PATTERN
+
+        def on_send(node)
+          return unless association_with_options?(node)
+
+          reflection_class_name = reflection_class_name(node).first
+          return unless reflection_class_name
+
+          add_offense(node, location: reflection_class_name.loc.expression)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/manual/cops.md b/manual/cops.md
index e07f644595a..2a6e756deb7 100644
--- a/manual/cops.md
+++ b/manual/cops.md
@@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ In the following section you find all available cops:
 * [Rails/Present](cops_rails.md#railspresent)
 * [Rails/ReadWriteAttribute](cops_rails.md#railsreadwriteattribute)
 * [Rails/RedundantReceiverInWithOptions](cops_rails.md#railsredundantreceiverinwithoptions)
+* [Rails/ReflectionClassName](cops_rails.md#railsreflectionclassname)
 * [Rails/RefuteMethods](cops_rails.md#railsrefutemethods)
 * [Rails/RelativeDateConstant](cops_rails.md#railsrelativedateconstant)
 * [Rails/RequestReferer](cops_rails.md#railsrequestreferer)
diff --git a/manual/cops_rails.md b/manual/cops_rails.md
index d5a581f90ec..c11391f5c5a 100644
--- a/manual/cops_rails.md
+++ b/manual/cops_rails.md
@@ -1572,6 +1572,26 @@ with_options options: false do |merger|
 end
 ```
 
+## Rails/ReflectionClassName
+
+Enabled by default | Safe | Supports autocorrection | VersionAdded | VersionChanged
+--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
+Enabled | Yes | No | 0.64 | -
+
+This cop checks if the value of the option `class_name`, in
+the definition of a reflection is a string.
+
+### Examples
+
+```ruby
+# bad
+has_many :accounts, class_name: Account
+has_many :accounts, class_name: Account.name
+
+# good
+has_many :accounts, class_name: 'Account'
+```
+
 ## Rails/RefuteMethods
 
 Enabled by default | Safe | Supports autocorrection | VersionAdded | VersionChanged
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05a91b4bb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/reflection_class_name_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+RSpec.describe RuboCop::Cop::Rails::ReflectionClassName do
+  subject(:cop) { described_class.new(config) }
+
+  let(:config) { RuboCop::Config.new }
+
+  context "registers an offense when using `foreign_key: 'account_id'`" do
+    it 'has_many' do
+      expect_offense(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+      has_many :accounts, class_name: Account, foreign_key: :account_id
+                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use a string has value for a class_name.
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it '.name' do
+      expect_offense(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+      has_many :accounts, class_name: Account.name
+                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use a string has value for a class_name.
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'has_one' do
+      expect_offense(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+      has_one :account, class_name: Account
+                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use a string has value for a class_name.
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'belongs_to' do
+      expect_offense(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+      belongs_to :account, class_name: Account
+                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use a string has value for a class_name.
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'does not register an offense when using `foreign_key :account_id`' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+      has_many :accounts, class_name: 'Account', foreign_key: :account_id
+      has_one :account, class_name: 'Account'
+      belongs_to :account, class_name: 'Account'
+    RUBY
+  end
+end