diff --git a/changelog/fix_allow_ambigious_block_association_to_match_source.md b/changelog/fix_allow_ambigious_block_association_to_match_source.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70cd36ac9a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_allow_ambigious_block_association_to_match_source.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10969](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/10969): Fix a false negative for `AllowedPatterns` of `Lint/AmbiguousBlockAssociation` when using a method chain. ([@jcalvert][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association.rb
index 8ea895fb0ec..1f316e01c6f 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association.rb
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def ambiguous_block_association?(send_node)
         def allowed_method_pattern?(node)
           node.assignment? || node.operator_method? || node.method?(:[]) ||
             allowed_method?(node.last_argument.method_name) ||
-            matches_allowed_pattern?(node.last_argument.method_name)
+            matches_allowed_pattern?(node.last_argument.send_node.source)
         end
 
         def message(send_node)
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association_spec.rb
index d77adcff4da..9c009b1da7c 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/ambiguous_block_association_spec.rb
@@ -104,13 +104,16 @@
   end
 
   context 'when AllowedPatterns is enabled' do
-    let(:cop_config) { { 'AllowedPatterns' => [/change/] } }
+    let(:cop_config) { { 'AllowedPatterns' => [/change/, /receive\(.*?\)\.twice/] } }
 
     it 'does not register an offense for an allowed method' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        expect { order.expire }.to change { order.events }
         expect { order.expire }.to not_change { order.events }
       RUBY
+
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+        expect(order).to receive(:complete).twice { OrderCount.update! }
+      RUBY
     end
 
     it 'registers an offense for other methods' do