diff --git a/changelog/fix_error_for_style_documentation b/changelog/fix_error_for_style_documentation
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edd6c887add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_error_for_style_documentation
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10234](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/10234): Fix an error for `Style/Documentation` when using a cbase class. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/documentation.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/documentation.rb
index 3dd1567d865..1dd2fc7405d 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/documentation.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/documentation.rb
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def identifier(node)
         end
 
         def qualify_const(node)
-          return if node.nil?
+          return if node.nil? || node.cbase_type?
 
           [qualify_const(node.namespace), node.short_name].compact
         end
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/documentation_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/documentation_spec.rb
index 2d8bc509b08..a8336d49c46 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/documentation_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/documentation_spec.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ def method
     RUBY
   end
 
+  it 'registers an offense for non-empty cbase class' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      class ::MyClass
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Missing top-level documentation comment for `class MyClass`.
+        def method
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
   it 'does not consider comment followed by empty line to be class documentation' do
     expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
       # Copyright 2014