diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index cc0bfc53a5c..d89af08ea1e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 ### Bug fixes
 
+* [#6254](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/issues/6254): Fix `Layout/RescueEnsureAlignment` for non-local assignments. ([@marcotc][])
 * [#6678](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/issues/6678): Fix `Lint/DisjunctiveAssignmentInConstructor` when it finds an empty constructor. ([@rmm5t][])
 * Do not attempt to auto-correct mass assignment or optional assignment in `Rails/RelativeDateConstant`. ([@rrosenblum][])
 * Fix auto-correction of `Style/WordArray` and `Style/SymbolArray` when all elements are on separate lines and there is a trailing comment after the closing bracket. ([@rrosenblum][])
@@ -3769,3 +3770,4 @@
 [@Ruffeng]: https://github.com/Ruffeng
 [@roooodcastro]: https://github.com/roooodcastro
 [@rmm5t]: https://github.com/rmm5t
+[@marcotc]: https://github.com/marcotc
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment.rb
index 1b981e3b931..7984c43eac0 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ class RescueEnsureAlignment < Cop
         ANCESTOR_TYPES = %i[kwbegin def defs class module].freeze
         RUBY_2_5_ANCESTOR_TYPES = (ANCESTOR_TYPES + %i[block]).freeze
         ANCESTOR_TYPES_WITH_ACCESS_MODIFIERS = %i[def defs].freeze
-        ASSIGNMENT_TYPES = %i[lvasgn].freeze
 
         def on_resbody(node)
           check(node) unless modifier?(node)
@@ -141,8 +140,7 @@ def ancestor_node(node)
         def assignment_node(node)
           assignment_node = node.ancestors.first
           return nil unless
-            assignment_node &&
-            ASSIGNMENT_TYPES.include?(assignment_node.type)
+            assignment_node && assignment_node.assignment?
 
           assignment_node
         end
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment_spec.rb
index 4c042370c41..e104c8b4788 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/layout/rescue_ensure_alignment_spec.rb
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ def method2
       RUBY
     end
 
-    it 'accepts aligned rescue in assigned do-end block' do
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue do-end block assigned to local variable' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
         result = [1, 2, 3].map do |el|
           el.to_s
@@ -385,6 +385,70 @@ def method2
       RUBY
     end
 
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block assigned to instance variable' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        @instance = [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block assigned to class variable' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        @@class = [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block assigned to global variable' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        $global = [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block assigned to class' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        CLASS = [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block on multi-assignment' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        a, b = [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block on operation assignment' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        a += [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block on and-assignment' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        a &&= [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts aligned rescue in do-end block on or-assignment' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
+        a ||= [].map do |_|
+        rescue StandardError => _
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
     it 'accepts aligned rescue in assigned do-end block starting on newline' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<-RUBY.strip_indent)
         valid =