diff --git a/changelog/fix_an_error_when_dot_rubocop_yml_is_empty.md b/changelog/fix_an_error_when_dot_rubocop_yml_is_empty.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb879f72dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_an_error_when_dot_rubocop_yml_is_empty.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10916](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/10916): Fix an error when .rubocop.yml is empty. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/server/cache.rb b/lib/rubocop/server/cache.rb
index 1f707466182..ce1861eebef 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/server/cache.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/server/cache.rb
@@ -69,10 +69,12 @@ def cache_root_dir_from_config
             config_yaml = if Gem::Version.new(Psych::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('4.0.0')
                             YAML.safe_load_file(config_path, permitted_classes: [Regexp, Symbol])
                           else
-                            YAML.load_file(config_path)
+                            config = YAML.load_file(config_path)
+
+                            config == false ? nil : config
                           end
 
-            config_yaml.dig('AllCops', 'CacheRootDirectory')
+            config_yaml&.dig('AllCops', 'CacheRootDirectory')
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/server/cache_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/server/cache_spec.rb
index a10198168e6..5a3487a9db6 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/server/cache_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/server/cache_spec.rb
@@ -205,5 +205,19 @@
         end
       end
     end
+
+    context 'when .rubocop.yml is empty', :isolated_environment do
+      context 'when cache root path is not specified path' do
+        before do
+          cache_class.cache_root_path = nil
+        end
+
+        it 'does not raise an error' do
+          create_file('.rubocop.yml', '')
+
+          expect { cache_class.cache_path }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 end