diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 16f9c852a7b..852101fae06 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 
 * [#8474](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/pull/8474): Add new `Lint/DuplicateRequire` cop. ([@fatkodima][])
 
+### Bug fixes
+
+* [#8508](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/pull/8508): Fix a false positive for `Style/CaseLikeIf` when conditional contains comparison with a class. Mark `Style/CaseLikeIf` as not safe. ([@fatkodima][])
+
 ### Changes
 
 * [#8362](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/issues/8362): Add numbers of correctable offenses to summary. ([@nguyenquangminh0711][])
diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index 8cae2bd6398..fe0c98a738d 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -2596,6 +2596,7 @@ Style/CaseLikeIf:
   Description: 'This cop identifies places where `if-elsif` constructions can be replaced with `case-when`.'
   StyleGuide: '#case-vs-if-else'
   Enabled: 'pending'
+  Safe: false
   VersionAdded: '0.88'
 
 Style/CharacterLiteral:
diff --git a/docs/modules/ROOT/pages/cops_style.adoc b/docs/modules/ROOT/pages/cops_style.adoc
index 5e2bb89bbfd..62bd7850258 100644
--- a/docs/modules/ROOT/pages/cops_style.adoc
+++ b/docs/modules/ROOT/pages/cops_style.adoc
@@ -865,8 +865,8 @@ some_string =~ /something/
 | Enabled by default | Safe | Supports autocorrection | VersionAdded | VersionChanged
 
 | Pending
-| Yes
-| Yes
+| No
+| Yes (Unsafe)
 | 0.88
 | -
 |===
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb
index 5d18fd4af2f..3fe33176a8a 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb
@@ -159,9 +159,10 @@ def condition_from_send_node(node, target)
           case node.method_name
           when :is_a?
             node.arguments.first if node.receiver == target
-          when :==, :eql?, :equal?, :=~, :match, :match?
-            lhs, _method, rhs = *node
-            condition_from_binary_op(lhs, rhs, target)
+          when :==, :eql?, :equal?
+            condition_from_equality_node(node, target)
+          when :=~, :match, :match?
+            condition_from_match_node(node, target)
           when :===
             lhs, _method, rhs = *node
             lhs if rhs == target
@@ -172,6 +173,17 @@ def condition_from_send_node(node, target)
         end
         # rubocop:enable Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity
 
+        def condition_from_equality_node(node, target)
+          lhs, _method, rhs = *node
+          condition = condition_from_binary_op(lhs, rhs, target)
+          condition if condition && !class_reference?(condition)
+        end
+
+        def condition_from_match_node(node, target)
+          lhs, _method, rhs = *node
+          condition_from_binary_op(lhs, rhs, target)
+        end
+
         def condition_from_binary_op(lhs, rhs, target)
           lhs = deparenthesize(lhs)
           rhs = deparenthesize(rhs)
@@ -202,6 +214,10 @@ def const_reference?(node)
             name == name.upcase
         end
 
+        def class_reference?(node)
+          node.const_type? && node.children[1].match?(/[[:lower:]]/)
+        end
+
         def deparenthesize(node)
           node = node.children.last while node.begin_type?
           node
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb
index 18ce2f19e5f..05025c8d467 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb
@@ -77,6 +77,15 @@
     RUBY
   end
 
+  it 'does not register an offense when one of the branches contains `==` with class reference' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      if x == 1
+      elsif x == Foo
+      else
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
   it 'does not register an offense when using `==` with constant containing 1 letter in name' do
     expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
       if x == F