diff --git a/changelog/new_add_new_gemspecrequiremfa_cop.md b/changelog/new_add_new_gemspecrequiremfa_cop.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5dbd222d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/new_add_new_gemspecrequiremfa_cop.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10243](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/10243): Add new `Gemspec/RequireMFA` cop. ([@dvandersluis][])
diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index a748dd3cd70..eb5e1e2119a 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -259,6 +259,15 @@ Gemspec/OrderedDependencies:
   Include:
     - '**/*.gemspec'
 
+Gemspec/RequireMFA:
+  Description: 'Checks that the gemspec has metadata to require MFA from RubyGems.'
+  Enabled: pending
+  VersionAdded: '<<next>>'
+  Reference:
+    - https://guides.rubygems.org/mfa-requirement-opt-in/
+  Include:
+    - '**/*.gemspec'
+
 Gemspec/RequiredRubyVersion:
   Description: 'Checks that `required_ruby_version` of gemspec is specified and equal to `TargetRubyVersion` of .rubocop.yml.'
   Enabled: true
diff --git a/lib/rubocop.rb b/lib/rubocop.rb
index d353cca8478..1cd9d5110a8 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop.rb
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/gemspec/date_assignment'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/gemspec/duplicated_assignment'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/gemspec/ordered_dependencies'
+require_relative 'rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/gemspec/required_ruby_version'
 require_relative 'rubocop/cop/gemspec/ruby_version_globals_usage'
 
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..994135300e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module Gemspec
+      # Requires a gemspec to have `rubygems_mfa_required` metadata set.
+      #
+      # This setting tells RubyGems that MFA is required for accounts to
+      # be able perform any of these privileged operations:
+      #
+      # * gem push
+      # * gem yank
+      # * gem owner --add/remove
+      # * adding or removing owners using gem ownership page
+      #
+      # This helps make your gem more secure, as users can be more
+      # confident that gem updates were pushed by maintainers.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #
+      #   # bad
+      #   Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #     # no `rubygems_mfa_required` metadata specified
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   # good
+      #   Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #     spec.metadata = {
+      #       'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+      #     }
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   # good
+      #   Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #     spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'true'
+      #   end
+      #
+      #  # bad
+      #  Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #    spec.metadata = {
+      #      'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'false'
+      #    }
+      #  end
+      #
+      #  # good
+      #  Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #    spec.metadata = {
+      #      'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+      #    }
+      #  end
+      #
+      #  # bad
+      #  Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #    spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'false'
+      #  end
+      #
+      #  # good
+      #  Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+      #    spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'true'
+      #  end
+      #
+      class RequireMFA < Base
+        include GemspecHelp
+        extend AutoCorrector
+
+        MSG = "`metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`."
+
+        # @!method metadata(node)
+        def_node_matcher :metadata, <<~PATTERN
+          `{
+            (send _ :metadata= $_)
+            (send (send _ :metadata) :[]= (str "rubygems_mfa_required") $_)
+          }
+        PATTERN
+
+        # @!method rubygems_mfa_required(node)
+        def_node_search :rubygems_mfa_required, <<~PATTERN
+          (pair (str "rubygems_mfa_required") $_)
+        PATTERN
+
+        # @!method true_string?(node)
+        def_node_matcher :true_string?, <<~PATTERN
+          (str "true")
+        PATTERN
+
+        def on_block(node) # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
+          gem_specification(node) do |block_var|
+            metadata_value = metadata(node)
+            mfa_value = mfa_value(metadata_value)
+
+            if mfa_value
+              unless true_string?(mfa_value)
+                add_offense(mfa_value) do |corrector|
+                  change_value(corrector, mfa_value)
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              add_offense(node) do |corrector|
+                autocorrect(corrector, node, block_var, metadata_value)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def mfa_value(metadata_value)
+          return unless metadata_value
+          return metadata_value if metadata_value.str_type?
+
+          rubygems_mfa_required(metadata_value).first
+        end
+
+        def autocorrect(corrector, node, block_var, metadata)
+          if metadata
+            return unless metadata.hash_type?
+
+            correct_metadata(corrector, metadata)
+          else
+            correct_missing_metadata(corrector, node, block_var)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def correct_metadata(corrector, metadata)
+          if metadata.pairs.any?
+            corrector.insert_after(metadata.pairs.last, ",\n'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'")
+          else
+            corrector.insert_before(metadata.loc.end, "'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'")
+          end
+        end
+
+        def correct_missing_metadata(corrector, node, block_var)
+          corrector.insert_before(node.loc.end, <<~RUBY)
+            #{block_var}.metadata = {
+              'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+            }
+          RUBY
+        end
+
+        def change_value(corrector, value)
+          corrector.replace(value, "'true'")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05171002a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/gemspec/require_mfa_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+RSpec.describe RuboCop::Cop::Gemspec::RequireMFA, :config do
+  context 'when the gemspec is blank' do
+    it 'does not register an offense' do
+      expect_no_offenses('', 'my.gemspec')
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the specification is blank' do
+    it 'registers an offense and corrects' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+        spec.metadata = {
+          'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+        }
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the specification has a metadata hash but no rubygems_mfa_required key' do
+    it 'registers an offense and corrects' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+          spec.metadata = {
+          }
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          spec.metadata = {
+          'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'}
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the specification has an non-hash metadata' do
+    it 'registers an offense but does not correct' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+          spec.metadata = Metadata.new
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when there are other metadata keys' do
+    context 'and `rubygems_mfa_required` is included' do
+      it 'does not register an offense' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+          Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+            spec.metadata = {
+              'foo' => 'bar',
+              'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true',
+              'baz' => 'quux'
+            }
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'and `rubygems_mfa_required` is not included' do
+      it 'registers an offense and corrects' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+          Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+            spec.metadata = {
+              'foo' => 'bar',
+              'baz' => 'quux'
+            }
+          end
+        RUBY
+
+        expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+          Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+            spec.metadata = {
+              'foo' => 'bar',
+              'baz' => 'quux',
+          'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+            }
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when metadata is set by key assignment' do
+    context 'and `rubygems_mfa_required` is included' do
+      it 'does not register an offense' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+          Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+            spec.metadata['foo'] = 'bar'
+            spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'true'
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'and `rubygems_mfa_required` is not included' do
+      it 'registers an offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+          Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+            spec.metadata['foo'] = 'bar'
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'with rubygems_mfa_required: true' do
+    it 'does not register an offense' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          spec.metadata = {
+            'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+          }
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'with rubygems_mfa_required: false' do
+    it 'registers an offense and corrects' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          spec.metadata = {
+            'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'false'
+                                       ^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+          }
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          spec.metadata = {
+            'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
+          }
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'with rubygems_mfa_required: false by key access' do
+    it 'registers an offense and corrects' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY, 'my.gemspec')
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'false'
+                                                   ^^^^^^^ `metadata['rubygems_mfa_required']` must be set to `'true'`.
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+          spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'true'
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+end