diff --git a/changelog/change_update_namingfilename_to_recognize.md b/changelog/change_update_namingfilename_to_recognize.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3425206c7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/change_update_namingfilename_to_recognize.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10221](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/10221): Update `Naming::FileName` to recognize `Struct`s as classes that satisfy the `ExpectMatchingDefinition` requirement. ([@dvandersluis][])
diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index 3b2d09403ac..afc44267d95 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -2506,6 +2506,7 @@ Naming/FileName:
   StyleGuide: '#snake-case-files'
   Enabled: true
   VersionAdded: '0.50'
+  VersionChanged: '<<next>>'
   # Camel case file names listed in `AllCops:Include` and all file names listed
   # in `AllCops:Exclude` are excluded by default. Add extra excludes here.
   Exclude: []
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name.rb
index ef9ef0bb1a6..a1740f4878e 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name.rb
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ class FileName < Base
 
         SNAKE_CASE = /^[\d[[:lower:]]_.?!]+$/.freeze
 
+        # @!method struct_definition(node)
+        def_node_matcher :struct_definition, <<~PATTERN
+          {
+            (casgn $_ $_        (send (const {nil? cbase} :Struct) :new ...))
+            (casgn $_ $_ (block (send (const {nil? cbase} :Struct) :new ...) ...))
+          }
+        PATTERN
+
         def on_new_investigation
           file_path = processed_source.file_path
           return if config.file_to_exclude?(file_path) || config.allowed_camel_case_file?(file_path)
@@ -126,7 +134,7 @@ def find_class_or_module(node, namespace)
           name = namespace.pop
 
           on_node(%i[class module casgn], node) do |child|
-            next unless (const = child.defined_module)
+            next unless (const = find_definition(child))
 
             const_namespace, const_name = *const
             next if name != const_name && !match_acronym?(name, const_name)
@@ -138,6 +146,15 @@ def find_class_or_module(node, namespace)
           nil
         end
 
+        def find_definition(node)
+          node.defined_module || defined_struct(node)
+        end
+
+        def defined_struct(node)
+          namespace, name = *struct_definition(node)
+          s(:const, namespace, name) if name
+        end
+
         def match_namespace(node, namespace, expected)
           match_partial = partial_matcher!(expected)
 
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name_spec.rb
index 37e2ec0c2ff..3ea874d5792 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/naming/file_name_spec.rb
@@ -251,6 +251,23 @@ class B
         end
       RUBY
     end
+
+    context 'on a file which defines a Struct without a block' do
+      include_examples 'matching module or class', <<~RUBY
+        module A
+          B = Struct.new(:foo, :bar)
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    context 'on a file which defines a Struct with a block' do
+      include_examples 'matching module or class', <<~RUBY
+        module A
+          B = Struct.new(:foo, :bar) do
+          end
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
   end
 
   context 'when CheckDefinitionPathHierarchy is false' do
@@ -285,6 +302,23 @@ class PictureCollection
       end
     end
 
+    context 'on a file with a matching struct' do
+      it 'does not register an offense' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, '/lib/image_collection.rb')
+          ImageCollection = Struct.new
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'on a file with a non-matching struct' do
+      it 'registers an offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY, '/lib/image_collection.rb')
+          PictureCollection = Struct.new
+          ^ `image_collection.rb` should define a class or module called `ImageCollection`.
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
     context 'on an empty file' do
       it 'registers an offense' do
         expect_offense(<<~RUBY, '/lib/rubocop/foo.rb')
@@ -329,6 +363,30 @@ class NonMatching
         RUBY
       end
     end
+
+    context 'with a non-matching module containing a matching struct' do
+      it 'does not register an offense' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, 'lib/foo.rb')
+          begin
+            module NonMatching
+              Foo = Struct.new
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'with a matching module containing a non-matching struct' do
+      it 'does not register an offense' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, 'lib/foo.rb')
+          begin
+            module Foo
+              NonMatching = Struct.new
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   context 'when Regex is set' do