diff --git a/changelog/fix_fix_pattern_to_match_toolversion_files.md b/changelog/fix_fix_pattern_to_match_toolversion_files.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbd2ee0a93e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_fix_pattern_to_match_toolversion_files.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#11181](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/11181): Fix pattern to match .tool-versions files that specify multiple runtimes. ([@noelblaschke][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/target_ruby.rb b/lib/rubocop/target_ruby.rb
index 174d448e1b4..8ef58312a77 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/target_ruby.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/target_ruby.rb
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def version_file
     # @api private
     class ToolVersionsFile < RubyVersionFile
       TOOL_VERSIONS_FILENAME = '.tool-versions'
-      TOOL_VERSIONS_PATTERN = /\Aruby (?:ruby-)?(?<version>\d+\.\d+)/.freeze
+      TOOL_VERSIONS_PATTERN = /^(?:ruby )(?<version>\d+\.\d+)/.freeze
 
       def name
         "`#{TOOL_VERSIONS_FILENAME}`"
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/target_ruby_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/target_ruby_spec.rb
index c5b7fef874f..9580862d89c 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/target_ruby_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/target_ruby_spec.rb
@@ -104,8 +104,16 @@
         create_file(File.join(dir, '.tool-versions'), tool_versions)
       end
 
-      context 'when .tool-versions contains a ruby version' do
-        let(:tool_versions) { ['ruby 3.0.0', 'nodejs 14.9.0'] }
+      context 'when .tool-versions does not contain a ruby version' do
+        let(:tool_versions) { ['nodejs 14.9.0'] }
+
+        it 'uses the default ruby version' do
+          expect(target_ruby.version).to eq default_version
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when .tool-versions contains only a ruby version' do
+        let(:tool_versions) { ['ruby 3.0.0'] }
         let(:ruby_version_to_f) { 3.0 }
 
         it 'reads it to determine the target ruby version' do
@@ -119,12 +127,18 @@
         end
       end
 
-      context 'when .tool-versions does not contain a ruby version' do
-        let(:tool_versions) { ['nodejs 14.9.0'] }
+      context 'when .tool-versions contains different runtimes' do
+        let(:tool_versions) { ['nodejs 14.9.0', 'ruby 3.0.0'] }
         let(:ruby_version_to_f) { 3.0 }
 
-        it 'uses the default ruby version' do
-          expect(target_ruby.version).to eq default_version
+        it 'reads it to determine the target ruby version' do
+          expect(target_ruby.version).to eq ruby_version_to_f
+        end
+
+        it 'does not read Gemfile.lock, gems.locked' do
+          expect(File).not_to receive(:file?).with(/Gemfile/)
+          expect(File).not_to receive(:file?).with(/gems\.locked/)
+          target_ruby.version
         end
       end
     end