diff --git a/changelog/fix_an_infinite_loop_error_for_layout_hash_alignment.md b/changelog/fix_an_infinite_loop_error_for_layout_hash_alignment.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..539ab1c4c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_an_infinite_loop_error_for_layout_hash_alignment.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#9954](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/9954): Fix infinite loop error for `Layout/HashAlignment` when `EnforcedStyle: with_fixed_indentation` is specified for `Layout/ArgumentAlignment`. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/hash_alignment.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/hash_alignment.rb
index ff6c6b0daa9..d5118517173 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/hash_alignment.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/layout/hash_alignment.rb
@@ -218,9 +218,13 @@ def on_hash(node)
         private
 
         def autocorrect_incompatible_with_other_cops?(node)
-          enforce_first_argument_with_fixed_indentation? &&
-            node.pairs.any? &&
-            node.parent&.call_type? && node.parent.loc.selector&.line == node.pairs.first.loc.line
+          return false unless enforce_first_argument_with_fixed_indentation? &&
+                              node.pairs.any? &&
+                              node.parent&.call_type?
+
+          parent_loc = node.parent.loc
+          selector = parent_loc.selector || parent_loc.expression
+          selector.line == node.pairs.first.loc.line
         end
 
         def reset!
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cli/autocorrect_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cli/autocorrect_spec.rb
index 0ffc39c3100..862520b2d56 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cli/autocorrect_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cli/autocorrect_spec.rb
@@ -1875,6 +1875,9 @@ def do_even_more_stuff
       foo
        .do_something(foo: bar,
                      baz: qux)
+
+      do_something.(foo: bar, baz: qux,
+                    quux: corge)
     RUBY
 
     create_file('.rubocop.yml', <<~YAML)
@@ -1898,6 +1901,9 @@ def do_even_more_stuff
       foo
        .do_something(foo: bar,
          baz: qux)
+
+      do_something.(foo: bar, baz: qux,
+        quux: corge)
     RUBY
   end