diff --git a/src/poetry/utils/env.py b/src/poetry/utils/env.py
index 0a985ceef0d..74a5de8aa76 100644
--- a/src/poetry/utils/env.py
+++ b/src/poetry/utils/env.py
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ def list(self, name: str | None = None) -> list[VirtualEnv]:
 
         venv = self._poetry.file.parent / ".venv"
         if (
-            self._poetry.config.get("virtualenvs.in-project")
+            self._poetry.config.get("virtualenvs.in-project") is not False
             and venv.exists()
             and venv.is_dir()
         ):
diff --git a/tests/console/commands/env/conftest.py b/tests/console/commands/env/conftest.py
index 32827c33e7a..832efe5e5cc 100644
--- a/tests/console/commands/env/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/console/commands/env/conftest.py
@@ -66,3 +66,29 @@ def venvs_in_project_dir(app: PoetryTestApplication) -> Iterator[Path]:
         yield venv_dir
     finally:
         venv_dir.rmdir()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def venvs_in_project_dir_none(app: PoetryTestApplication) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    os.environ.pop("VIRTUAL_ENV", None)
+    venv_dir = app.poetry.file.parent.joinpath(".venv")
+    venv_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    app.poetry.config.merge({"virtualenvs": {"in-project": None}})
+
+    try:
+        yield venv_dir
+    finally:
+        venv_dir.rmdir()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def venvs_in_project_dir_false(app: PoetryTestApplication) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    os.environ.pop("VIRTUAL_ENV", None)
+    venv_dir = app.poetry.file.parent.joinpath(".venv")
+    venv_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    app.poetry.config.merge({"virtualenvs": {"in-project": False}})
+
+    try:
+        yield venv_dir
+    finally:
+        venv_dir.rmdir()
diff --git a/tests/console/commands/env/test_list.py b/tests/console/commands/env/test_list.py
index 2f284470bbd..4a69dac0c3f 100644
--- a/tests/console/commands/env/test_list.py
+++ b/tests/console/commands/env/test_list.py
@@ -60,3 +60,19 @@ def test_in_project_venv(tester: CommandTester, venvs_in_project_dir: list[str])
     tester.execute()
     expected = ".venv (Activated)\n"
     assert tester.io.fetch_output() == expected
+
+
+def test_in_project_venv_no_explicit_config(
+    tester: CommandTester, venvs_in_project_dir_none: list[str]
+):
+    tester.execute()
+    expected = ".venv (Activated)\n"
+    assert tester.io.fetch_output() == expected
+
+
+def test_in_project_venv_is_false(
+    tester: CommandTester, venvs_in_project_dir_false: list[str]
+):
+    tester.execute()
+    expected = ""
+    assert tester.io.fetch_output() == expected