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Test functions that return non-None should raise a warning/error #7337

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maxrothman opened this issue Jun 8, 2020 · 20 comments · Fixed by #9956
Closed

Test functions that return non-None should raise a warning/error #7337

maxrothman opened this issue Jun 8, 2020 · 20 comments · Fixed by #9956
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topic: reporting related to terminal output and user-facing messages and errors type: enhancement new feature or API change, should be merged into features branch

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@maxrothman
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Consider this test:

# The function we're testing
def foo(a: int, b: int) -> int:
  return a * 3 + b

@pytest.mark.parametrize(['a', 'b', 'result'], [
  [1, 2, 5],
  [2, 3, 8],
  [5, 3, 18],
])
def test_foo(a, b, result):
  return foo(a, b) == result

Did you spot the error? The second parametrization has a typo, 2 * 3 + 3 is 9, not 8. But this test actually doesn't test anything, because it returns the assertion rather than asserting it. This is a common enough mistake, and it wouldn't normally be a problem except that it can silently cause false positives in test suites.

I propose that test functions that return anything except None fail with a message that cues users that they probably meant to assert rather than return. This feature could be disabled (or enabled, if there are backwards-compatibility issues) via a config flag if necessary.

@nicoddemus
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Hi @maxrothman,

Thanks for the suggestion. I appreciate where you are coming from, but I don't think this is a good idea:

  • It is somewhat implicit to me that returning False from a test function would cause the test to fail. Also, it would fail with what message? assert statements are the bread and butter of tests in pytest after all.
  • I've seen many times users using plain return to stop a test in the middle of the execution (for example, in a parametrized test one of the parameters only goes through the middle of the test). This would cause those test suites to fail.

So while I see that a few users might get confused by that, I don't think it is common enough to create a special case for it and also possibly breaking backward compatibility, so 👎 from me.

This is also a good opportunity to advocate users to see their tests fail first before fixing code, to ensure they are not testing a false positive.

But again, thanks for the suggestion and taking the time to write about it.

@maxrothman
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Responses inline:

  • It is somewhat implicit to me that returning False from a test function would cause the test to fail. Also, it would fail with what message? assert statements are the bread and butter of tests in pytest after all.

I think we agree? I'm not suggesting that returning the result of a test should be made valid, I'm suggesting that returning at all from a test function is probably a typo and thus should fail loudly with a message indicating that the user probably made a typo.

  • I've seen many times users using plain return to stop a test in the middle of the execution (for example, in a parametrized test one of the parameters only goes through the middle of the test). This would cause those test suites to fail.

From my suggestion (emphasis added):

I propose that test functions that return anything except None fail with a message that cues users that they probably meant to assert rather than return.

Plain returns would be allowed, since a plain return implicitly returns None.

So while I see that a few users might get confused by that, I don't think it is common enough to create a special case for it and also possibly breaking backward compatibility, so 👎 from me.

If backward-compatibility is an issue (which I suspect it wouldn't be, since no one should be returning anything but None from tests) this feature could be downgraded to a warning (or upgraded from a warning to an error) by a config flag.

But again, thanks for the suggestion and taking the time to write about it.

Thank you for quickly responding! I hope my comment cleared up some confusion and that you'll reconsider your 👎. In either case, thank you for helping to maintain pytest!

@nicoddemus
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Indeed, my mistake, thanks for clarifying.

I'm still not convinced that this is common enough to warrant an error/warning however, but I'm changing my vote to -0.5 now that the proposal is clearer to me.

If others provide more use cases or situations where this error is common then I'm not against adding a warning for tests which return non-None. 😁

@nicoddemus nicoddemus added the type: proposal proposal for a new feature, often to gather opinions or design the API around the new feature label Jun 9, 2020
@nicoddemus
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(I've changed the title of the issue to better describe the proposal, feel free to edit it further or revert it in case you disagree)

@nicoddemus nicoddemus changed the title Tests silently succeed when a test function returns instead of asserting Tests returning non-None should raise a warning/error Jun 9, 2020
@nicoddemus nicoddemus changed the title Tests returning non-None should raise a warning/error Test functions that return non-None should raise a warning/error Jun 9, 2020
@Zac-HD
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Zac-HD commented Jun 10, 2020

I'm +1 on this - in fact Hypothesis already makes non-None returns from wrapped tests into errors.

  • it catches some trivial user errors, as noted in the OP
  • more importantly, it also catches problems like definining generators as tests (or async test functions), where calling the function doesn't actually execute the test body. On this basis we could e.g. explicitly recommend pytest-asyncio or pytest-trio if an awaitable object is returned.

I'd probably do this as a warning to start with, have an option to disable the warning, and then upgrade it to an error (still disabled by the same option) in pytest 6.0

@nicoddemus
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Thanks @Zac-HD for the feedback. 👍

I'd probably do this as a warning to start with, have an option to disable the warning, and then upgrade it to an error (still disabled by the same option) in pytest 6.0

Probably a bit late for 6.0, given that 5.5 won't happen so users wouldn't have a chance to see the warning.

@Zac-HD
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Zac-HD commented Jun 10, 2020

Didn't realise it was that soon! Warning in 6.0 then, and error in 7.0 I guess 🙂

@asottile
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I'm a little hesitant about this one, I've seen a few testsuites where there's like

def test_one():
    # do some stuff
    # assert some stuff
    return some_info()

def test_two():
    res = test_one()
    # do more things
    # assert more things

I'm not saying they're good tests, but forbidding return will break them (the test works fine and returning something isn't breaking its correctness)

@asottile
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(though, I do think this will be less painful than the don't-call-fixtures change)

@RonnyPfannschmidt
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I am guilty of such testsuites myself and I think it's warranted to extract operational components to function

@maxrothman
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I am guilty of such testsuites myself and I think it's warranted to extract operational components to function

I extract common components into tests all the time, but I’d argue that the better design would be to have both tests call a shared function, rather than piggyback one test off of another, and that pytest should encourage better design. In any case, do you think such usage is common? If not, does the config flag address this concern?

@RonnyPfannschmidt
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my note is about refactoring to common functions instead of running other test functions

@gnikonorov
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I think the option given by @Zac-HD sounds like a good path forward

@symonk
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symonk commented Jun 11, 2020

+1 from me, I cannot think of much use in returning from a test in what I would deem 'good practice'.

@RonnyPfannschmidt
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there is one specialc ase - whch is pytest-twisted and deferreds

@nicoddemus
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nicoddemus commented Jun 12, 2020

there is one specialc ase - whch is pytest-twisted and deferreds

Indeed, but if I understand correctly, those tests are marked in a way that plugins will use pytest_pyfunc_call to intercept them and do something special with the return value.

The proposal seem to apply only for "normal" test functions, handled by pytest itself. Correct?

@Zac-HD
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Zac-HD commented Jun 12, 2020

Same for pytest-asyncio and pytest-trio, if I remember correctly. So we should confirm that

  • our new check for non-None return is 'outside' the plugin layer that handles async tests
  • the various plugins pytest-{asyncio,trio,twisted} either contain an equivalent check or pass through the return value

@Zac-HD Zac-HD added topic: reporting related to terminal output and user-facing messages and errors type: enhancement new feature or API change, should be merged into features branch and removed type: proposal proposal for a new feature, often to gather opinions or design the API around the new feature labels Sep 26, 2020
@graingert
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graingert commented Sep 26, 2020

there is one specialc ase - whch is pytest-twisted and deferreds

Indeed, but if I understand correctly, those tests are marked in a way that plugins will use pytest_pyfunc_call to intercept them and do something special with the return value.

The proposal seem to apply only for "normal" test functions, handled by pytest itself. Correct?

Should be covered by a collections.abc.Awaitable check.

Edit: Yup deferreds are already checked for here:

if hasattr(result, "__await__") or hasattr(result, "__aiter__"):

@asottile
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asottile commented May 9, 2022

interestingly enough, unittest in cpython now warns in this situation: python/cpython#27748

@graingert
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Can we upgrade the coroutine warning to error sooner now?

jaypikay pushed a commit to jaypikay/doxy that referenced this issue Apr 27, 2023
This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/) ([source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest), [changelog](https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/changelog.html)) | dev-dependencies | major | `^5.2` -> `^7.0.0` |

---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>pytest-dev/pytest</summary>

### [`v7.3.1`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.3.1)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.3.0...7.3.1)

# pytest 7.3.1 (2023-04-14)

## Improvements

-   [#&#8203;10875](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10875): Python 3.12 support: fixed `RuntimeError: TestResult has no addDuration method` when running `unittest` tests.
-   [#&#8203;10890](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10890): Python 3.12 support: fixed `shutil.rmtree(onerror=...)` deprecation warning when using `tmp_path`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"}.

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;10896](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10896): Fixed performance regression related to `tmp_path`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} and the new `tmp_path_retention_policy`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} option.
-   [#&#8203;10903](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10903): Fix crash `INTERNALERROR IndexError: list index out of range` which happens when displaying an exception where all entries are hidden.
    This reverts the change "Correctly handle `__tracebackhide__` for chained exceptions." introduced in version 7.3.0.

### [`v7.3.0`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.3.0)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.2.2...7.3.0)

# pytest 7.3.0 (2023-04-08)

## Features

-   [#&#8203;10525](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10525): Test methods decorated with `@classmethod` can now be discovered as tests, following the same rules as normal methods. This fills the gap that static methods were discoverable as tests but not class methods.
-   [#&#8203;10755](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10755): `console_output_style`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} now supports `progress-even-when-capture-no` to force the use of the progress output even when capture is disabled. This is useful in large test suites where capture may have significant performance impact.
-   [#&#8203;7431](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7431): `--log-disable` CLI option added to disable individual loggers.
-   [#&#8203;8141](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8141): Added `tmp_path_retention_count`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} and `tmp_path_retention_policy`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} configuration options to control how directories created by the `tmp_path`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} fixture are kept.

## Improvements

-   [#&#8203;10226](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10226): If multiple errors are raised in teardown, we now re-raise an `ExceptionGroup` of them instead of discarding all but the last.
-   [#&#8203;10658](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10658): Allow `-p` arguments to include spaces (eg: `-p no:logging` instead of
    `-pno:logging`). Mostly useful in the `addopts` section of the configuration
    file.
-   [#&#8203;10710](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10710): Added `start` and `stop` timestamps to `TestReport` objects.
-   [#&#8203;10727](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10727): Split the report header for `rootdir`, `config file` and `testpaths` so each has its own line.
-   [#&#8203;10840](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10840): pytest should no longer crash on AST with pathological position attributes, for example testing AST produced by \[Hylang \<https://github.com/hylang/hy>\__]{.title-ref}.
-   [#&#8203;6267](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/6267): The full output of a test is no longer truncated if the truncation message would be longer than
    the hidden text. The line number shown has also been fixed.

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;10743](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10743): The assertion rewriting mechanism now works correctly when assertion expressions contain the walrus operator.
-   [#&#8203;10765](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10765): Fixed `tmp_path`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} fixture always raising `OSError`{.interpreted-text role="class"} on `emscripten` platform due to missing `os.getuid`{.interpreted-text role="func"}.
-   [#&#8203;1904](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/1904): Correctly handle `__tracebackhide__` for chained exceptions.

## Improved Documentation

-   [#&#8203;10782](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10782): Fixed the minimal example in `goodpractices`{.interpreted-text role="ref"}: `pip install -e .` requires a `version` entry in `pyproject.toml` to run successfully.

## Trivial/Internal Changes

-   [#&#8203;10669](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10669): pytest no longer depends on the \[attrs]{.title-ref} package (don't worry, nice diffs for attrs classes are still supported).

### [`v7.2.2`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.2.2)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.2.1...7.2.2)

# pytest 7.2.2 (2023-03-03)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;10533](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10533): Fixed `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} handling of dictionaries containing one or more values of \[0.0]{.title-ref}.
-   [#&#8203;10592](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10592): Fixed crash if \[--cache-show]{.title-ref} and \[--help]{.title-ref} are passed at the same time.
-   [#&#8203;10597](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10597): Fixed bug where a fixture method named `teardown` would be called as part of `nose` teardown stage.
-   [#&#8203;10626](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10626): Fixed crash if `--fixtures` and `--help` are passed at the same time.
-   [#&#8203;10660](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10660): Fixed :py`pytest.raises`{.interpreted-text role="func"} to return a 'ContextManager' so that type-checkers could narrow
    `pytest.raises(...) if ... else nullcontext()` down to 'ContextManager' rather than 'object'.

## Improved Documentation

-   [#&#8203;10690](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10690): Added \[CI]{.title-ref} and \[BUILD_NUMBER]{.title-ref} environment variables to the documentation.
-   [#&#8203;10721](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10721): Fixed entry-points declaration in the documentation example using Hatch.
-   [#&#8203;10753](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10753): Changed wording of the module level skip to be very explicit
    about not collecting tests and not executing the rest of the module.

### [`v7.2.1`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.2.1)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.2.0...7.2.1)

# pytest 7.2.1 (2023-01-13)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;10452](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10452): Fix 'importlib.abc.TraversableResources' deprecation warning in Python 3.12.
-   [#&#8203;10457](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10457): If a test is skipped from inside a fixture, the test summary now shows the test location instead of the fixture location.
-   [#&#8203;10506](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10506): Fix bug where sometimes pytest would use the file system root directory as `rootdir <rootdir>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} on Windows.
-   [#&#8203;10607](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10607): Fix a race condition when creating junitxml reports, which could occur when multiple instances of pytest execute in parallel.
-   [#&#8203;10641](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10641): Fix a race condition when creating or updating the stepwise plugin's cache, which could occur when multiple xdist worker nodes try to simultaneously update the stepwise plugin's cache.

### [`v7.2.0`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.2.0)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.1.3...7.2.0)

# pytest 7.2.0 (2022-10-23)

## Deprecations

-   [#&#8203;10012](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10012): Update `pytest.PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"} to a deprecation; it will raise an error in pytest 8.

-   [#&#8203;10396](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10396): pytest no longer depends on the `py` library. `pytest` provides a vendored copy of `py.error` and `py.path` modules but will use the `py` library if it is installed. If you need other `py.*` modules, continue to install the deprecated `py` library separately, otherwise it can usually be removed as a dependency.

-   [#&#8203;4562](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/4562): Deprecate configuring hook specs/impls using attributes/marks.

    Instead use :py`pytest.hookimpl`{.interpreted-text role="func"} and :py`pytest.hookspec`{.interpreted-text role="func"}.
    For more details, see the `docs <legacy-path-hooks-deprecated>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"}.

-   [#&#8203;9886](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9886): The functionality for running tests written for `nose` has been officially deprecated.

    This includes:

    -   Plain `setup` and `teardown` functions and methods: this might catch users by surprise, as `setup()` and `teardown()` are not pytest idioms, but part of the `nose` support.
    -   Setup/teardown using the [@&#8203;with_setup](with-setup-nose) decorator.

    For more details, consult the `deprecation docs <nose-deprecation>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"}.

## Features

-   [#&#8203;9897](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9897): Added shell-style wildcard support to `testpaths`.

## Improvements

-   [#&#8203;10218](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10218): `@pytest.mark.parametrize()` (and similar functions) now accepts any `Sequence[str]` for the argument names,
    instead of just `list[str]` and `tuple[str, ...]`.

    (Note that `str`, which is itself a `Sequence[str]`, is still treated as a
    comma-delimited name list, as before).

-   [#&#8203;10381](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10381): The `--no-showlocals` flag has been added. This can be passed directly to tests to override `--showlocals` declared through `addopts`.

-   [#&#8203;3426](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/3426): Assertion failures with strings in NFC and NFD forms that normalize to the same string now have a dedicated error message detailing the issue, and their utf-8 representation is expresed instead.

-   [#&#8203;7337](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7337): A warning is now emitted if a test function returns something other than \[None]{.title-ref}. This prevents a common mistake among beginners that expect that returning a \[bool]{.title-ref} (for example \[return foo(a, b) == result]{.title-ref}) would cause a test to pass or fail, instead of using \[assert]{.title-ref}.

-   [#&#8203;8508](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8508): Introduce multiline display for warning matching via :py`pytest.warns`{.interpreted-text role="func"} and
    enhance match comparison for :py`_pytest._code.ExceptionInfo.match`{.interpreted-text role="func"} as returned by :py`pytest.raises`{.interpreted-text role="func"}.

-   [#&#8203;8646](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8646): Improve :py`pytest.raises`{.interpreted-text role="func"}. Previously passing an empty tuple would give a confusing
    error. We now raise immediately with a more helpful message.

-   [#&#8203;9741](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9741): On Python 3.11, use the standard library's `tomllib`{.interpreted-text role="mod"} to parse TOML.

    `tomli`{.interpreted-text role="mod"}\` is no longer a dependency on Python 3.11.

-   [#&#8203;9742](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9742): Display assertion message without escaped newline characters with `-vv`.

-   [#&#8203;9823](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9823): Improved error message that is shown when no collector is found for a given file.

-   [#&#8203;9873](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9873): Some coloring has been added to the short test summary.

-   [#&#8203;9883](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9883): Normalize the help description of all command-line options.

-   [#&#8203;9920](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9920): Display full crash messages in `short test summary info`, when runng in a CI environment.

-   [#&#8203;9987](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9987): Added support for hidden configuration file by allowing `.pytest.ini` as an alternative to `pytest.ini`.

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;10150](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10150): `sys.stdin`{.interpreted-text role="data"} now contains all expected methods of a file-like object when capture is enabled.

-   [#&#8203;10382](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10382): Do not break into pdb when `raise unittest.SkipTest()` appears top-level in a file.

-   [#&#8203;7792](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7792): Marks are now inherited according to the full MRO in test classes. Previously, if a test class inherited from two or more classes, only marks from the first super-class would apply.

    When inheriting marks from super-classes, marks from the sub-classes are now ordered before marks from the super-classes, in MRO order. Previously it was the reverse.

    When inheriting marks from super-classes, the \[pytestmark]{.title-ref} attribute of the sub-class now only contains the marks directly applied to it. Previously, it also contained marks from its super-classes. Please note that this attribute should not normally be accessed directly; use `pytest.Node.iter_markers`{.interpreted-text role="func"} instead.

-   [#&#8203;9159](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9159): Showing inner exceptions by forcing native display in `ExceptionGroups` even when using display options other than `--tb=native`. A temporary step before full implementation of pytest-native display for inner exceptions in `ExceptionGroups`.

-   [#&#8203;9877](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9877): Ensure `caplog.get_records(when)` returns current/correct data after invoking `caplog.clear()`.

## Improved Documentation

-   [#&#8203;10344](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10344): Update information on writing plugins to use `pyproject.toml` instead of `setup.py`.
-   [#&#8203;9248](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9248): The documentation is now built using Sphinx 5.x (up from 3.x previously).
-   [#&#8203;9291](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9291): Update documentation on how `pytest.warns`{.interpreted-text role="func"} affects `DeprecationWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.

## Trivial/Internal Changes

-   [#&#8203;10196](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10196): `~pytest.PytestReturnNotNoneWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"} is now a subclass of `~pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning`{.interpreted-text role="class"}: the plan is to make returning non-`None` from tests an error in the future.
-   [#&#8203;10313](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10313): Made `_pytest.doctest.DoctestItem` export `pytest.DoctestItem` for
    type check and runtime purposes. Made \[\_pytest.doctest]{.title-ref} use internal APIs
    to avoid circular imports.
-   [#&#8203;9906](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9906): Made `_pytest.compat` re-export `importlib_metadata` in the eyes of type checkers.
-   [#&#8203;9910](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9910): Fix default encoding warning (`EncodingWarning`) in `cacheprovider`
-   [#&#8203;9984](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9984): Improve the error message when we attempt to access a fixture that has been
    torn down.
    Add an additional sentence to the docstring explaining when it's not a good
    idea to call getfixturevalue.

### [`v7.1.3`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.1.3)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.1.2...7.1.3)

# pytest 7.1.3 (2022-08-31)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;10060](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10060): When running with `--pdb`, `TestCase.tearDown` is no longer called for tests when the *class* has been skipped via `unittest.skip` or `pytest.mark.skip`.
-   [#&#8203;10190](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10190): Invalid XML characters in setup or teardown error messages are now properly escaped for JUnit XML reports.
-   [#&#8203;10230](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10230): Ignore `.py` files created by `pyproject.toml`-based editable builds introduced in [pip 21.3](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/#v21-3).
-   [#&#8203;3396](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/3396): Doctests now respect the `--import-mode` flag.
-   [#&#8203;9514](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9514): Type-annotate `FixtureRequest.param` as `Any` as a stop gap measure until `8073`{.interpreted-text role="issue"} is fixed.
-   [#&#8203;9791](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9791): Fixed a path handling code in `rewrite.py` that seems to work fine, but was incorrect and fails in some systems.
-   [#&#8203;9917](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9917): Fixed string representation for `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} when used to compare tuples.

## Improved Documentation

-   [#&#8203;9937](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9937): Explicit note that `tmpdir`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} fixture is discouraged in favour of `tmp_path`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"}.

## Trivial/Internal Changes

-   [#&#8203;10114](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10114): Replace [atomicwrites](https://github.com/untitaker/python-atomicwrites) dependency on windows with \[os.replace]{.title-ref}.

### [`v7.1.2`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.1.2)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.1.1...7.1.2)

# pytest 7.1.2 (2022-04-23)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;9726](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9726): An unnecessary `numpy` import inside `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} was removed.
-   [#&#8203;9820](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9820): Fix comparison of `dataclasses` with `InitVar`.
-   [#&#8203;9869](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9869): Increase `stacklevel` for the `NODE_CTOR_FSPATH_ARG` deprecation to point to the
    user's code, not pytest.
-   [#&#8203;9871](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9871): Fix a bizarre (and fortunately rare) bug where the \[temp_path]{.title-ref} fixture could raise
    an internal error while attempting to get the current user's username.

### [`v7.1.1`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.1.1)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.1.0...7.1.1)

# pytest 7.1.1 (2022-03-17)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;9767](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9767): Fixed a regression in pytest 7.1.0 where some conftest.py files outside of the source tree (e.g. in the \[site-packages]{.title-ref} directory) were not picked up.

### [`v7.1.0`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.1.0)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.0.1...7.1.0)

# pytest 7.1.0 (2022-03-13)

## Breaking Changes

-   [#&#8203;8838](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8838): As per our policy, the following features have been deprecated in the 6.X series and are now
    removed:

    -   `pytest._fillfuncargs` function.
    -   `pytest_warning_captured` hook - use `pytest_warning_recorded` instead.
    -   `-k -foobar` syntax - use `-k 'not foobar'` instead.
    -   `-k foobar:` syntax.
    -   `pytest.collect` module - import from `pytest` directly.

    For more information consult
    [Deprecations and Removals](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/deprecations.html) in the docs.

-   [#&#8203;9437](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9437): Dropped support for Python 3.6, which reached [end-of-life](https://devguide.python.org/#status-of-python-branches) at 2021-12-23.

## Improvements

-   [#&#8203;5192](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5192): Fixed test output for some data types where `-v` would show less information.

    Also, when showing diffs for sequences, `-q` would produce full diffs instead of the expected diff.

-   [#&#8203;9362](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9362): pytest now avoids specialized assert formatting when it is detected that the default `__eq__` is overridden in `attrs` or `dataclasses`.

-   [#&#8203;9536](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9536): When `-vv` is given on command line, show skipping and xfail reasons in full instead of truncating them to fit the terminal width.

-   [#&#8203;9644](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9644): More information about the location of resources that led Python to raise `ResourceWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"} can now
    be obtained by enabling `tracemalloc`{.interpreted-text role="mod"}.

    See `resource-warnings`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for more information.

-   [#&#8203;9678](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9678): More types are now accepted in the `ids` argument to `@pytest.mark.parametrize`.
    Previously only \[str]{.title-ref}, \[float]{.title-ref}, \[int]{.title-ref} and \[bool]{.title-ref} were accepted;
    now \[bytes]{.title-ref}, \[complex]{.title-ref}, \[re.Pattern]{.title-ref}, \[Enum]{.title-ref} and anything with a \[\__name\_\_]{.title-ref} are also accepted.

-   [#&#8203;9692](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9692): `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} now raises a `TypeError`{.interpreted-text role="class"} when given an unordered sequence (such as `set`{.interpreted-text role="class"}).

    Note that this implies that custom classes which only implement `__iter__` and `__len__` are no longer supported as they don't guarantee order.

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;8242](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8242): The deprecation of raising `unittest.SkipTest`{.interpreted-text role="class"} to skip collection of
    tests during the pytest collection phase is reverted - this is now a supported
    feature again.

-   [#&#8203;9493](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9493): Symbolic link components are no longer resolved in conftest paths.
    This means that if a conftest appears twice in collection tree, using symlinks, it will be executed twice.
    For example, given

    > tests/real/conftest.py
    > tests/real/test_it.py
    > tests/link -> tests/real

    running `pytest tests` now imports the conftest twice, once as `tests/real/conftest.py` and once as `tests/link/conftest.py`.
    This is a fix to match a similar change made to test collection itself in pytest 6.0 (see `6523`{.interpreted-text role="pull"} for details).

-   [#&#8203;9626](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9626): Fixed count of selected tests on terminal collection summary when there were errors or skipped modules.

    If there were errors or skipped modules on collection, pytest would mistakenly subtract those from the selected count.

-   [#&#8203;9645](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9645): Fixed regression where `--import-mode=importlib` used together with `PYTHONPATH`{.interpreted-text role="envvar"} or `pythonpath`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} would cause import errors in test suites.

-   [#&#8203;9708](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9708): `pytester`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} now requests a `monkeypatch`{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} fixture instead of creating one internally. This solves some issues with tests that involve pytest environment variables.

-   [#&#8203;9730](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9730): Malformed `pyproject.toml` files now produce a clearer error message.

### [`v7.0.1`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.0.1)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/7.0.0...7.0.1)

# pytest 7.0.1 (2022-02-11)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;9608](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9608): Fix invalid importing of `importlib.readers` in Python 3.9.
-   [#&#8203;9610](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9610): Restore \[UnitTestFunction.obj]{.title-ref} to return unbound rather than bound method.
    Fixes a crash during a failed teardown in unittest TestCases with non-default \[\__init\_\_]{.title-ref}.
    Regressed in pytest 7.0.0.
-   [#&#8203;9636](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9636): The `pythonpath` plugin was renamed to `python_path`. This avoids a conflict with the `pytest-pythonpath` plugin.
-   [#&#8203;9642](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9642): Fix running tests by id with `::` in the parametrize portion.
-   [#&#8203;9643](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9643): Delay issuing a `~pytest.PytestWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"} about diamond inheritance involving `~pytest.Item`{.interpreted-text role="class"} and
    `~pytest.Collector`{.interpreted-text role="class"} so it can be filtered using `standard warning filters <warnings>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"}.

### [`v7.0.0`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/7.0.0)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.2.5...7.0.0)

# pytest 7.0.0 (2022-02-03)

(**Please see the full set of changes for this release also in the 7.0.0rc1 notes below**)

## Deprecations

-   [#&#8203;9488](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9488): If custom subclasses of nodes like `pytest.Item`{.interpreted-text role="class"} override the
    `__init__` method, they should take `**kwargs`. See
    `uncooperative-constructors-deprecated`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for details.

    Note that a deprection warning is only emitted when there is a conflict in the
    arguments pytest expected to pass. This deprecation was already part of pytest
    7.0.0rc1 but wasn't documented.

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;9355](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9355): Fixed error message prints function decorators when using assert in Python 3.8 and above.
-   [#&#8203;9396](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9396): Ensure `pytest.Config.inifile`{.interpreted-text role="attr"} is available during the `pytest_cmdline_main <_pytest.hookspec.pytest_cmdline_main>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} hook (regression during `7.0.0rc1`).

## Improved Documentation

-   [#&#8203;9404](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9404): Added extra documentation on alternatives to common misuses of \[pytest.warns(None)]{.title-ref} ahead of its deprecation.
-   [#&#8203;9505](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9505): Clarify where the configuration files are located. To avoid confusions documentation mentions
    that configuration file is located in the root of the repository.

## Trivial/Internal Changes

-   [#&#8203;9521](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9521): Add test coverage to assertion rewrite path.

# pytest 7.0.0rc1 (2021-12-06)

## Breaking Changes

-   [#&#8203;7259](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7259): The `Node.reportinfo() <non-python tests>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} function first return value type has been expanded from \[py.path.local | str]{.title-ref} to \[os.PathLike\[str] | str]{.title-ref}.

    Most plugins which refer to \[reportinfo()]{.title-ref} only define it as part of a custom `pytest.Item`{.interpreted-text role="class"} implementation.
    Since \[py.path.local]{.title-ref} is a \[os.PathLike\[str]]{.title-ref}, these plugins are unaffacted.

    Plugins and users which call \[reportinfo()]{.title-ref}, use the first return value and interact with it as a \[py.path.local]{.title-ref}, would need to adjust by calling \[py.path.local(fspath)]{.title-ref}.
    Although preferably, avoid the legacy \[py.path.local]{.title-ref} and use \[pathlib.Path]{.title-ref}, or use \[item.location]{.title-ref} or \[item.path]{.title-ref}, instead.

    Note: pytest was not able to provide a deprecation period for this change.

-   [#&#8203;8246](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8246): `--version` now writes version information to `stdout` rather than `stderr`.

-   [#&#8203;8733](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8733): Drop a workaround for [pyreadline](https://github.com/pyreadline/pyreadline) that made it work with `--pdb`.

    The workaround was introduced in [#&#8203;1281](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/pull/1281) in 2015, however since then
    [pyreadline seems to have gone unmaintained](https://github.com/pyreadline/pyreadline/issues/58), is [generating
    warnings](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8847), and will stop working on Python 3.10.

-   [#&#8203;9061](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9061): Using `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} in a boolean context now raises an error hinting at the proper usage.

    It is apparently common for users to mistakenly use `pytest.approx` like this:

    ```{.sourceCode .python}
    assert pytest.approx(actual, expected)
    ```

    While the correct usage is:

    ```{.sourceCode .python}
    assert actual == pytest.approx(expected)
    ```

    The new error message helps catch those mistakes.

-   [#&#8203;9277](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9277): The `pytest.Instance` collector type has been removed.
    Importing `pytest.Instance` or `_pytest.python.Instance` returns a dummy type and emits a deprecation warning.
    See `instance-collector-deprecation`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for details.

-   [#&#8203;9308](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9308): **PytestRemovedIn7Warning deprecation warnings are now errors by default.**

    Following our plan to remove deprecated features with as little disruption as
    possible, all warnings of type `PytestRemovedIn7Warning` now generate errors
    instead of warning messages by default.

    **The affected features will be effectively removed in pytest 7.1**, so please consult the
    `deprecations`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} section in the docs for directions on how to update existing code.

    In the pytest `7.0.X` series, it is possible to change the errors back into warnings as a
    stopgap measure by adding this to your `pytest.ini` file:

    ```{.sourceCode .ini}
    [pytest]
    filterwarnings =
        ignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn7Warning
    ```

    But this will stop working when pytest `7.1` is released.

    **If you have concerns** about the removal of a specific feature, please add a
    comment to `9308`{.interpreted-text role="issue"}.

## Deprecations

-   [#&#8203;7259](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7259): `py.path.local` arguments for hooks have been deprecated. See `the deprecation note <legacy-path-hooks-deprecated>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for full details.

    `py.path.local` arguments to Node constructors have been deprecated. See `the deprecation note <node-ctor-fspath-deprecation>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for full details.

    ::: {.note}
    ::: {.admonition-title}
    Note
    :::

    The name of the `~_pytest.nodes.Node`{.interpreted-text role="class"} arguments and attributes (the
    new attribute being `path`) is **the opposite** of the situation for hooks
    (the old argument being `path`).

    This is an unfortunate artifact due to historical reasons, which should be
    resolved in future versions as we slowly get rid of the `py`{.interpreted-text role="pypi"}
    dependency (see `9283`{.interpreted-text role="issue"} for a longer discussion).
    :::

-   [#&#8203;7469](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7469): Directly constructing the following classes is now deprecated:

    -   `_pytest.mark.structures.Mark`
    -   `_pytest.mark.structures.MarkDecorator`
    -   `_pytest.mark.structures.MarkGenerator`
    -   `_pytest.python.Metafunc`
    -   `_pytest.runner.CallInfo`
    -   `_pytest._code.ExceptionInfo`
    -   `_pytest.config.argparsing.Parser`
    -   `_pytest.config.argparsing.OptionGroup`
    -   `_pytest.pytester.HookRecorder`

    These constructors have always been considered private, but now issue a deprecation warning, which may become a hard error in pytest 8.

-   [#&#8203;8242](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8242): Raising `unittest.SkipTest`{.interpreted-text role="class"} to skip collection of tests during the
    pytest collection phase is deprecated. Use `pytest.skip`{.interpreted-text role="func"} instead.

    Note: This deprecation only relates to using `unittest.SkipTest`{.interpreted-text role="class"} during test
    collection. You are probably not doing that. Ordinary usage of
    `unittest.SkipTest`{.interpreted-text role="class"} / `unittest.TestCase.skipTest`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} /
    `unittest.skip`{.interpreted-text role="func"} in unittest test cases is fully supported.

-   [#&#8203;8315](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8315): Several behaviors of `Parser.addoption <pytest.Parser.addoption>`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} are now
    scheduled for removal in pytest 8 (deprecated since pytest 2.4.0):
    -   `parser.addoption(..., help=".. %default ..")` - use `%(default)s` instead.
    -   `parser.addoption(..., type="int/string/float/complex")` - use `type=int` etc. instead.

-   [#&#8203;8447](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8447): Defining a custom pytest node type which is both an `pytest.Item <Item>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} and a `pytest.Collector <Collector>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} (e.g. `pytest.File <File>`{.interpreted-text role="class"}) now issues a warning.
    It was never sanely supported and triggers hard to debug errors.

    See `the deprecation note <diamond-inheritance-deprecated>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for full details.

-   [#&#8203;8592](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8592): `pytest_cmdline_preparse`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} has been officially deprecated. It will be removed in a future release. Use `pytest_load_initial_conftests`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} instead.

    See `the deprecation note <cmdline-preparse-deprecated>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for full details.

-   [#&#8203;8645](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8645): `pytest.warns(None) <pytest.warns>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} is now deprecated because many people used
    it to mean "this code does not emit warnings", but it actually had the effect of
    checking that the code emits at least one warning of any type - like `pytest.warns()`
    or `pytest.warns(Warning)`.

-   [#&#8203;8948](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8948): `pytest.skip(msg=...) <pytest.skip>`{.interpreted-text role="func"}, `pytest.fail(msg=...) <pytest.fail>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} and `pytest.exit(msg=...) <pytest.exit>`{.interpreted-text role="func"}
    signatures now accept a `reason` argument instead of `msg`. Using `msg` still works, but is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

    This was changed for consistency with `pytest.mark.skip <pytest.mark.skip>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} and `pytest.mark.xfail <pytest.mark.xfail>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} which both accept
    `reason` as an argument.

-   [#&#8203;8174](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8174): The following changes have been made to types reachable through `pytest.ExceptionInfo.traceback`{.interpreted-text role="attr"}:

    -   The `path` property of `_pytest.code.Code` returns `Path` instead of `py.path.local`.
    -   The `path` property of `_pytest.code.TracebackEntry` returns `Path` instead of `py.path.local`.

    There was no deprecation period for this change (sorry!).

## Features

-   [#&#8203;5196](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5196): Tests are now ordered by definition order in more cases.

    In a class hierarchy, tests from base classes are now consistently ordered before tests defined on their subclasses (reverse MRO order).

-   [#&#8203;7132](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7132): Added two environment variables `PYTEST_THEME`{.interpreted-text role="envvar"} and `PYTEST_THEME_MODE`{.interpreted-text role="envvar"} to let the users customize the pygments theme used.

-   [#&#8203;7259](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7259): Added `cache.mkdir() <pytest.Cache.mkdir>`{.interpreted-text role="meth"}, which is similar to the existing `cache.makedir() <pytest.Cache.makedir>`{.interpreted-text role="meth"},
    but returns a `pathlib.Path`{.interpreted-text role="class"} instead of a legacy `py.path.local`.

    Added a `paths` type to `parser.addini() <pytest.Parser.addini>`{.interpreted-text role="meth"},
    as in `parser.addini("mypaths", "my paths", type="paths")`,
    which is similar to the existing `pathlist`,
    but returns a list of `pathlib.Path`{.interpreted-text role="class"} instead of legacy `py.path.local`.

-   [#&#8203;7469](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7469): The types of objects used in pytest's API are now exported so they may be used in type annotations.

    The newly-exported types are:

    -   `pytest.Config` for `Config <pytest.Config>`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.Mark` for `marks <pytest.Mark>`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.MarkDecorator` for `mark decorators <pytest.MarkDecorator>`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.MarkGenerator` for the `pytest.mark <pytest.MarkGenerator>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} singleton.
    -   `pytest.Metafunc` for the `metafunc <pytest.MarkGenerator>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} argument to the `pytest_generate_tests`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} hook.
    -   `pytest.CallInfo` for the `CallInfo <pytest.CallInfo>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type passed to various hooks.
    -   `pytest.PytestPluginManager` for `PytestPluginManager <pytest.PytestPluginManager>`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.ExceptionInfo` for the `ExceptionInfo <pytest.ExceptionInfo>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type returned from `pytest.raises`{.interpreted-text role="func"} and passed to various hooks.
    -   `pytest.Parser` for the `Parser <pytest.Parser>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type passed to the `pytest_addoption`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} hook.
    -   `pytest.OptionGroup` for the `OptionGroup <pytest.OptionGroup>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type returned from the `parser.addgroup <pytest.Parser.getgroup>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} method.
    -   `pytest.HookRecorder` for the `HookRecorder <pytest.HookRecorder>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type returned from `~pytest.Pytester`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.RecordedHookCall` for the `RecordedHookCall <pytest.HookRecorder>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type returned from `~pytest.HookRecorder`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.RunResult` for the `RunResult <pytest.RunResult>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type returned from `~pytest.Pytester`{.interpreted-text role="class"}.
    -   `pytest.LineMatcher` for the `LineMatcher <pytest.RunResult>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type used in `~pytest.RunResult`{.interpreted-text role="class"} and others.
    -   `pytest.TestReport` for the `TestReport <pytest.TestReport>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type used in various hooks.
    -   `pytest.CollectReport` for the `CollectReport <pytest.CollectReport>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} type used in various hooks.

    Constructing most of them directly is not supported; they are only meant for use in type annotations.
    Doing so will emit a deprecation warning, and may become a hard-error in pytest 8.0.

    Subclassing them is also not supported. This is not currently enforced at runtime, but is detected by type-checkers such as mypy.

-   [#&#8203;7856](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7856): `--import-mode=importlib <import-modes>`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} now works with features that
    depend on modules being on :py`sys.modules`{.interpreted-text role="data"}, such as `pickle`{.interpreted-text role="mod"} and `dataclasses`{.interpreted-text role="mod"}.

-   [#&#8203;8144](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8144): The following hooks now receive an additional `pathlib.Path` argument, equivalent to an existing `py.path.local` argument:

    -   `pytest_ignore_collect`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} - The `collection_path` parameter (equivalent to existing `path` parameter).
    -   `pytest_collect_file`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} - The `file_path` parameter (equivalent to existing `path` parameter).
    -   `pytest_pycollect_makemodule`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} - The `module_path` parameter (equivalent to existing `path` parameter).
    -   `pytest_report_header`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} - The `start_path` parameter (equivalent to existing `startdir` parameter).
    -   `pytest_report_collectionfinish`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} - The `start_path` parameter (equivalent to existing `startdir` parameter).

    ::: {.note}
    ::: {.admonition-title}
    Note
    :::

    The name of the `~_pytest.nodes.Node`{.interpreted-text role="class"} arguments and attributes (the
    new attribute being `path`) is **the opposite** of the situation for hooks
    (the old argument being `path`).

    This is an unfortunate artifact due to historical reasons, which should be
    resolved in future versions as we slowly get rid of the `py`{.interpreted-text role="pypi"}
    dependency (see `9283`{.interpreted-text role="issue"} for a longer discussion).
    :::

-   [#&#8203;8251](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8251): Implement `Node.path` as a `pathlib.Path`. Both the old `fspath` and this new attribute gets set no matter whether `path` or `fspath` (deprecated) is passed to the constructor. It is a replacement for the `fspath` attribute (which represents the same path as `py.path.local`). While `fspath` is not deprecated yet
    due to the ongoing migration of methods like `~_pytest.Item.reportinfo`{.interpreted-text role="meth"}, we expect to deprecate it in a future release.

    ::: {.note}
    ::: {.admonition-title}
    Note
    :::

    The name of the `~_pytest.nodes.Node`{.interpreted-text role="class"} arguments and attributes (the
    new attribute being `path`) is **the opposite** of the situation for hooks
    (the old argument being `path`).

    This is an unfortunate artifact due to historical reasons, which should be
    resolved in future versions as we slowly get rid of the `py`{.interpreted-text role="pypi"}
    dependency (see `9283`{.interpreted-text role="issue"} for a longer discussion).
    :::

-   [#&#8203;8421](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8421): `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} now works on `~decimal.Decimal`{.interpreted-text role="class"} within mappings/dicts and sequences/lists.

-   [#&#8203;8606](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8606): pytest invocations with `--fixtures-per-test` and `--fixtures` have been enriched with:
    -   Fixture location path printed with the fixture name.
    -   First section of the fixture's docstring printed under the fixture name.
    -   Whole of fixture's docstring printed under the fixture name using `--verbose` option.

-   [#&#8203;8761](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8761): New `version-tuple`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} attribute, which makes it simpler for users to do something depending on the pytest version (such as declaring hooks which are introduced in later versions).

-   [#&#8203;8789](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8789): Switch TOML parser from `toml` to `tomli` for TOML v1.0.0 support in `pyproject.toml`.

-   [#&#8203;8920](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8920): Added `pytest.Stash`{.interpreted-text role="class"}, a facility for plugins to store their data on `~pytest.Config`{.interpreted-text role="class"} and `~_pytest.nodes.Node`{.interpreted-text role="class"}s in a type-safe and conflict-free manner.
    See `plugin-stash`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for details.

-   [#&#8203;8953](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8953): `RunResult <_pytest.pytester.RunResult>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} method `assert_outcomes <_pytest.pytester.RunResult.assert_outcomes>`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} now accepts a
    `warnings` argument to assert the total number of warnings captured.

-   [#&#8203;8954](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8954): `--debug` flag now accepts a `str`{.interpreted-text role="class"} file to route debug logs into, remains defaulted to \[pytestdebug.log]{.title-ref}.

-   [#&#8203;9023](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9023): Full diffs are now always shown for equality assertions of iterables when
    \[CI]{.title-ref} or `BUILD_NUMBER` is found in the environment, even when `-v` isn't
    used.

-   [#&#8203;9113](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9113): `RunResult <_pytest.pytester.RunResult>`{.interpreted-text role="class"} method `assert_outcomes <_pytest.pytester.RunResult.assert_outcomes>`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} now accepts a
    `deselected` argument to assert the total number of deselected tests.

-   [#&#8203;9114](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9114): Added `pythonpath`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} setting that adds listed paths to `sys.path`{.interpreted-text role="data"} for the duration of the test session. If you currently use the pytest-pythonpath or pytest-srcpaths plugins, you should be able to replace them with built-in \[pythonpath]{.title-ref} setting.

## Improvements

-   [#&#8203;7480](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7480): A deprecation scheduled to be removed in a major version X (e.g. pytest 7, 8, 9, ...) now uses warning category \[PytestRemovedInXWarning]{.title-ref},
    a subclass of `~pytest.PytestDeprecationWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"},
    instead of `PytestDeprecationWarning`{.interpreted-text role="class"} directly.

    See `backwards-compatibility`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for more details.

-   [#&#8203;7864](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7864): Improved error messages when parsing warning filters.

    Previously pytest would show an internal traceback, which besides being ugly sometimes would hide the cause
    of the problem (for example an `ImportError` while importing a specific warning type).

-   [#&#8203;8335](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8335): Improved `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} assertion messages for sequences of numbers.

    The assertion messages now dumps a table with the index and the error of each diff.
    Example:

        >       assert [1, 2, 3, 4] == pytest.approx([1, 3, 3, 5])
        E       assert comparison failed for 2 values:
        E         Index | Obtained | Expected
        E         1     | 2        | 3 +- 3.0e-06
        E         3     | 4        | 5 +- 5.0e-06

-   [#&#8203;8403](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8403): By default, pytest will truncate long strings in assert errors so they don't clutter the output too much,
    currently at `240` characters by default.

    However, in some cases the longer output helps, or is even crucial, to diagnose a failure. Using `-v` will
    now increase the truncation threshold to `2400` characters, and `-vv` or higher will disable truncation entirely.

-   [#&#8203;8509](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8509): Fixed issue where `unittest.TestCase.setUpClass`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} is not called when a test has \[/]{.title-ref} in its name since pytest 6.2.0.

    This refers to the path part in pytest node IDs, e.g. `TestClass::test_it` in the node ID `tests/test_file.py::TestClass::test_it`.

    Now, instead of assuming that the test name does not contain `/`, it is assumed that test path does not contain `::`. We plan to hopefully make both of these work in the future.

-   [#&#8203;8803](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8803): It is now possible to add colors to custom log levels on cli log.

    By using `add_color_level <_pytest.logging.add_color_level>`{.interpreted-text role="func"} from a `pytest_configure` hook, colors can be added:

        logging_plugin = config.pluginmanager.get_plugin('logging-plugin')
        logging_plugin.log_cli_handler.formatter.add_color_level(logging.INFO, 'cyan')
        logging_plugin.log_cli_handler.formatter.add_color_level(logging.SPAM, 'blue')

    See `log_colors`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} for more information.

-   [#&#8203;8822](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8822): When showing fixture paths in \[--fixtures]{.title-ref} or \[--fixtures-by-test]{.title-ref}, fixtures coming from pytest itself now display an elided path, rather than the full path to the file in the \[site-packages]{.title-ref} directory.

-   [#&#8203;8898](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8898): Complex numbers are now treated like floats and integers when generating parameterization IDs.

-   [#&#8203;9062](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9062): `--stepwise-skip` now implicitly enables `--stepwise` and can be used on its own.

-   [#&#8203;9205](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9205): `pytest.Cache.set`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} now preserves key order when saving dicts.

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;7124](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7124): Fixed an issue where `__main__.py` would raise an `ImportError` when `--doctest-modules` was provided.

-   [#&#8203;8061](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8061): Fixed failing `staticmethod` test cases if they are inherited from a parent test class.

-   [#&#8203;8192](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8192): `testdir.makefile` now silently accepts values which don't start with `.` to maintain backward compatibility with older pytest versions.

    `pytester.makefile` now issues a clearer error if the `.` is missing in the `ext` argument.

-   [#&#8203;8258](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8258): Fixed issue where pytest's `faulthandler` support would not dump traceback on crashes
    if the `faulthandler`{.interpreted-text role="mod"} module was already enabled during pytest startup (using
    `python -X dev -m pytest` for example).

-   [#&#8203;8317](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8317): Fixed an issue where illegal directory characters derived from `getpass.getuser()` raised an `OSError`.

-   [#&#8203;8367](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8367): Fix `Class.from_parent` so it forwards extra keyword arguments to the constructor.

-   [#&#8203;8377](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8377): The test selection options `pytest -k` and `pytest -m` now support matching
    names containing forward slash (`/`) characters.

-   [#&#8203;8384](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8384): The `@pytest.mark.skip` decorator now correctly handles its arguments. When the `reason` argument is accidentally given both positional and as a keyword (e.g. because it was confused with `skipif`), a `TypeError` now occurs. Before, such tests were silently skipped, and the positional argument ignored. Additionally, `reason` is now documented correctly as positional or keyword (rather than keyword-only).

-   [#&#8203;8394](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8394): Use private names for internal fixtures that handle classic setup/teardown so that they don't show up with the default `--fixtures` invocation (but they still show up with `--fixtures -v`).

-   [#&#8203;8456](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8456): The `required_plugins`{.interpreted-text role="confval"} config option now works correctly when pre-releases of plugins are installed, rather than falsely claiming that those plugins aren't installed at all.

-   [#&#8203;8464](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8464): `-c <config file>` now also properly defines `rootdir` as the directory that contains `<config file>`.

-   [#&#8203;8503](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8503): `pytest.MonkeyPatch.syspath_prepend`{.interpreted-text role="meth"} no longer fails when
    `setuptools` is not installed.
    It now only calls `pkg_resources.fixup_namespace_packages`{.interpreted-text role="func"} if
    `pkg_resources` was previously imported, because it is not needed otherwise.

-   [#&#8203;8548](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8548): Introduce fix to handle precision width in `log-cli-format` in turn to fix output coloring for certain formats.

-   [#&#8203;8796](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8796): Fixed internal error when skipping doctests.

-   [#&#8203;8983](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8983): The test selection options `pytest -k` and `pytest -m` now support matching names containing backslash (\[\\]{.title-ref}) characters.
    Backslashes are treated literally, not as escape characters (the values being matched against are already escaped).

-   [#&#8203;8990](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8990): Fix \[pytest -vv]{.title-ref} crashing with an internal exception \[AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'relative_to']{.title-ref} in some cases.

-   [#&#8203;9077](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9077): Fixed confusing error message when `request.fspath` / `request.path` was accessed from a session-scoped fixture.

-   [#&#8203;9131](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9131): Fixed the URL used by `--pastebin` to use [bpa.st](http://bpa.st).

-   [#&#8203;9163](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9163): The end line number and end column offset are now properly set for rewritten assert statements.

-   [#&#8203;9169](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9169): Support for the `files` API from `importlib.resources` within rewritten files.

-   [#&#8203;9272](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9272): The nose compatibility module-level fixtures \[setup()]{.title-ref} and \[teardown()]{.title-ref} are now only called once per module, instead of for each test function.
    They are now called even if object-level \[setup]{.title-ref}/\[teardown]{.title-ref} is defined.

## Improved Documentation

-   [#&#8203;4320](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/4320): Improved docs for \[pytester.copy_example]{.title-ref}.
-   [#&#8203;5105](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5105): Add automatically generated `plugin-list`{.interpreted-text role="ref"}. The list is updated on a periodic schedule.
-   [#&#8203;8337](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8337): Recommend [numpy.testing](https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/routines.testing.html) module on `pytest.approx`{.interpreted-text role="func"} documentation.
-   [#&#8203;8655](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8655): Help text for `--pdbcls` more accurately reflects the option's behavior.
-   [#&#8203;9210](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9210): Remove incorrect docs about `confcutdir` being a configuration option: it can only be set through the `--confcutdir` command-line option.
-   [#&#8203;9242](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9242): Upgrade readthedocs configuration to use a [newer Ubuntu version](https://blog.readthedocs.com/new-build-specification/)\` with better unicode support for PDF docs.
-   [#&#8203;9341](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9341): Various methods commonly used for `non-python tests`{.interpreted-text role="ref"} are now correctly documented in the reference docs. They were undocumented previously.

## Trivial/Internal Changes

-   [#&#8203;8133](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8133): Migrate to `setuptools_scm` 6.x to use `SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION_FOR_PYTEST` for more robust release tooling.
-   [#&#8203;8174](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8174): The following changes have been made to internal pytest types/functions:
    -   The `_pytest.code.getfslineno()` function returns `Path` instead of `py.path.local`.
    -   The `_pytest.python.path_matches_patterns()` function takes `Path` instead of `py.path.local`.
    -   The `_pytest._code.Traceback.cut()` function accepts any `os.PathLike[str]`, not just `py.path.local`.
-   [#&#8203;8248](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8248): Internal Restructure: let `python.PyObjMixin` inherit from `nodes.Node` to carry over typing information.
-   [#&#8203;8432](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8432): Improve error message when `pytest.skip`{.interpreted-text role="func"} is used at module level without passing \[allow_module_level=True]{.title-ref}.
-   [#&#8203;8818](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8818): Ensure `regendoc` opts out of `TOX_ENV` cachedir selection to ensure independent example test runs.
-   [#&#8203;8913](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8913): The private `CallSpec2._arg2scopenum` attribute has been removed after an internal refactoring.
-   [#&#8203;8967](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8967): `pytest_assertion_pass`{.interpreted-text role="hook"} is no longer considered experimental and
    future changes to it will be considered more carefully.
-   [#&#8203;9202](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9202): Add github action to upload coverage report to codecov instead of bash uploader.
-   [#&#8203;9225](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9225): Changed the command used to create sdist and wheel artifacts: using the build package instead of setup.py.
-   [#&#8203;9351](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9351): Correct minor typos in doc/en/example/special.rst.

### [`v6.2.5`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/6.2.5)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.2.4...6.2.5)

# pytest 6.2.5 (2021-08-29)

## Trivial/Internal Changes

-   [#&#8203;8494](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8494): Python 3.10 is now supported.
-   [#&#8203;9040](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9040): Enable compatibility with `pluggy 1.0` or later.

### [`v6.2.4`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/6.2.4)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.2.3...6.2.4)

# pytest 6.2.4 (2021-05-04)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;8539](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8539): Fixed assertion rewriting on Python 3.10.

### [`v6.2.3`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/6.2.3)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.2.2...6.2.3)

# pytest 6.2.3 (2021-04-03)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;8414](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8414): pytest used to create directories under `/tmp` with world-readable
    permissions. This means that any user in the system was able to read
    information written by tests in temporary directories (such as those created by
    the `tmp_path`/`tmpdir` fixture). Now the directories are created with
    private permissions.

    pytest used silenty use a pre-existing `/tmp/pytest-of-<username>` directory,
    even if owned by another user. This means another user could pre-create such a
    directory and gain control of another user's temporary directory. Now such a
    condition results in an error.

### [`v6.2.2`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/6.2.2)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.2.1...6.2.2)

# pytest 6.2.2 (2021-01-25)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;8152](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8152): Fixed "(\<Skipped instance>)" being shown as a skip reason in the verbose test summary line when the reason is empty.
-   [#&#8203;8249](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8249): Fix the `faulthandler` plugin for occasions when running with `twisted.logger` and using `pytest --capture=no`.

### [`v6.2.1`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/6.2.1)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.2.0...6.2.1)

# pytest 6.2.1 (2020-12-15)

## Bug Fixes

-   [#&#8203;7678](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7678): Fixed bug where `ImportPathMismatchError` would be raised for files compiled in
    the host and loaded later from an UNC mounted path (Windows).
-   [#&#8203;8132](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8132): Fixed regression in `approx`: in 6.2.0 `approx` no longer raises
    `TypeError` when dealing with non-numeric types, falling back to normal comparison.
    Before 6.2.0, array types like tf.DeviceArray fell through to the scalar case,
    and happened to compare correctly to a scalar if they had only one element.
    After 6.2.0, these types began failing, because they inherited neither from
    standard Python number hierarchy nor from `numpy.ndarray`.

    `approx` now converts arguments to `numpy.ndarray` if they expose the array
    protocol and are not scalars. This treats array-like objects like numpy arrays,
    regardless of size.

### [`v6.2.0`](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases/tag/6.2.0)

[Compare Source](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/6.1.2...6.2.0)

# pytest 6.2.0 (2020-12-12)

## Breaking Changes

-   [#&#8203;7808](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7808): pytest now supports python3.6+ only.

## Deprecations

-   [#&#8203;7469](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7469): Directly constructing/calling the following classes/functions is now deprecated:

    -   `_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache`
    -   `_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache.for_config()`
    -   `_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache.clear_cache()`
    -   `_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache.cache_dir_from_config()`
    -   `_pytest.capture.CaptureFixture`
    -   `_pytest.fixtures.FixtureRequest`
    -   `_pytest.fixtures.SubRequest`
    -   `_pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture`
    -   `_pytest.pytester.Pytester`
    -   `_pytest.pytester.Testdir`
    -   `_pytest.recwarn.WarningsRecorder`
    -   `_pytest.recwarn.WarningsChecker`
    -   `_pytest.tmpdir.TempPathFactory`
    -   `_pytest.tmpdir.TempdirFactory`

    These have always been considered private, but now issue a deprecation warning, which may become a hard error in pytest 7.0.0.

-   [#&#8203;7530](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7530): The `--strict` command-line option has been deprecated, use `--strict-markers` instead.

    We have plans to maybe in the future to reintroduce `--strict` and make it an encompassing flag for all strictness
    related options (`--strict-markers` and `--strict-config` at the moment, more might be introduced in the future).

-   [#&#8203;7988](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7988): The `@pytest.yield_fixture` decorator/function is now deprecated. Use pytest.fixture instead.

    `yield_fixture` has been an alias for `fixture` for a very long time, so can be search/replaced safely.

## Features

-   [#&#8203;5299](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5299): pytest now warns about unraisable exceptions and unhandled thread exceptions that occur in tests on Python>=3.8.
    See unraisable for more information.

-   [#&#8203;7425](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7425): New pytester fixture, which is identical to testdir but its methods return pathlib.Path when appropriate instead of `py.path.local`.

    This is part of the movement to use pathlib.Path objects internally, in order to remove the dependency to `py` in the future.

    Internally, the old Testdir <\_pytest.pytester.Testdir> is now a thin wrapper around Pytester <\_pytest.pytester.Pytester>, preserving the old interface.

-   [#&#8203;7695](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7695): A new hook was added, pytest_markeval_namespace which should return a dictionary.
    This dictionary will be used to augment the "global" variables available to evaluate skipif/xfail/xpass markers.

    Pseudo example

    `conftest.py`:

    ```{.sourceCode .python}
    def pytest_markeval_namespace():
        return {"color": "red"}
    ```

    `test_func.py`:

    ```{.sourceCode .python}
    @&#8203;pytest.mark.skipif("color == 'blue'", reason="Color is not red")
    def test_func():
        assert False
    ```

-   [#&#8203;8006](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8006): It is now possible to construct a ~pytest.MonkeyPatch object directly as `pytest.MonkeyPatch()`,
    in cases when the monkeypatch fixture cannot be used. Previously some users imported it
    from the private \_pytest.monkeypatch.MonkeyPatch namespace.

    Additionally, MonkeyPatch.context \<pytest.MonkeyPatch.context> is now a classmethod,
    and can be used as `with MonkeyPatch.context() as mp: ...`. This is the recommended way to use
    `MonkeyPatch` directly, since unlike the `mon…
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topic: reporting related to terminal output and user-facing messages and errors type: enhancement new feature or API change, should be merged into features branch
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