-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 212
/
geod.py
1024 lines (917 loc) · 37.7 KB
/
geod.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
"""
The Geod class can perform forward and inverse geodetic, or
Great Circle, computations. The forward computation involves
determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a terminus
point given the latitude and longitude of an initial point, plus
azimuth and distance. The inverse computation involves
determining the forward and back azimuths and distance given the
latitudes and longitudes of an initial and terminus point.
"""
__all__ = [
"Geod",
"pj_ellps",
"geodesic_version_str",
"GeodIntermediateFlag",
"GeodIntermediateReturn",
]
import math
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
from pyproj._geod import Geod as _Geod
from pyproj._geod import GeodIntermediateReturn, geodesic_version_str
from pyproj.enums import GeodIntermediateFlag
from pyproj.exceptions import GeodError
from pyproj.list import get_ellps_map
from pyproj.utils import DataType, _convertback, _copytobuffer
pj_ellps = get_ellps_map()
def _params_from_ellps_map(ellps):
"""
Build Geodesic parameters from PROJ ellips map
Parameter
---------
ellps: str
The name of the ellips in the map.
Returns
-------
Tuple[float, float, float, float, bool]
"""
ellps_dict = pj_ellps[ellps]
semi_major_axis: float = ellps_dict["a"]
sphere = False
if ellps_dict["description"] == "Normal Sphere":
sphere = True
if "b" in ellps_dict:
semi_minor_axis: float = ellps_dict["b"]
eccentricity_squared: float = 1.0 - semi_minor_axis**2 / semi_major_axis**2
flattening: float = (semi_major_axis - semi_minor_axis) / semi_major_axis
elif "rf" in ellps_dict:
flattening = 1.0 / ellps_dict["rf"]
semi_minor_axis = semi_major_axis * (1.0 - flattening)
eccentricity_squared = 1.0 - semi_minor_axis**2 / semi_major_axis**2
return semi_major_axis, semi_minor_axis, flattening, eccentricity_squared, sphere
def _params_from_kwargs(kwargs):
"""
Build Geodesic parameters from input kwargs:
- a: the semi-major axis (required).
Need least one of these parameters.
- b: the semi-minor axis
- rf: the reciprocal flattening
- f: flattening
- es: eccentricity squared
Parameter
---------
ellps: str
The name of the ellips in the map.
Returns
-------
Tuple[float, float, float, float]
"""
semi_major_axis = kwargs["a"]
if "b" in kwargs:
semi_minor_axis = kwargs["b"]
eccentricity_squared = 1.0 - semi_minor_axis**2 / semi_major_axis**2
flattening = (semi_major_axis - semi_minor_axis) / semi_major_axis
elif "rf" in kwargs:
flattening = 1.0 / kwargs["rf"]
semi_minor_axis = semi_major_axis * (1.0 - flattening)
eccentricity_squared = 1.0 - semi_minor_axis**2 / semi_major_axis**2
elif "f" in kwargs:
flattening = kwargs["f"]
semi_minor_axis = semi_major_axis * (1.0 - flattening)
eccentricity_squared = 1.0 - (semi_minor_axis / semi_major_axis) ** 2
elif "es" in kwargs:
eccentricity_squared = kwargs["es"]
semi_minor_axis = math.sqrt(
semi_major_axis**2 - eccentricity_squared * semi_major_axis**2
)
flattening = (semi_major_axis - semi_minor_axis) / semi_major_axis
elif "e" in kwargs:
eccentricity_squared = kwargs["e"] ** 2
semi_minor_axis = math.sqrt(
semi_major_axis**2 - eccentricity_squared * semi_major_axis**2
)
flattening = (semi_major_axis - semi_minor_axis) / semi_major_axis
else:
semi_minor_axis = semi_major_axis
flattening = 0.0
eccentricity_squared = 0.0
return semi_major_axis, semi_minor_axis, flattening, eccentricity_squared
class Geod(_Geod):
"""
performs forward and inverse geodetic, or Great Circle,
computations. The forward computation (using the 'fwd' method)
involves determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a
terminus point given the latitude and longitude of an initial
point, plus azimuth and distance. The inverse computation (using
the 'inv' method) involves determining the forward and back
azimuths and distance given the latitudes and longitudes of an
initial and terminus point.
Attributes
----------
initstring: str
The string form of the user input used to create the Geod.
sphere: bool
If True, it is a sphere.
a: float
The ellipsoid equatorial radius, or semi-major axis.
b: float
The ellipsoid polar radius, or semi-minor axis.
es: float
The 'eccentricity' of the ellipse, squared (1-b2/a2).
f: float
The ellipsoid 'flattening' parameter ( (a-b)/a ).
"""
def __init__(self, initstring: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs) -> None:
"""
initialize a Geod class instance.
Geodetic parameters for specifying the ellipsoid
can be given in a dictionary 'initparams', as keyword arguments,
or as as proj geod initialization string.
You can get a dictionary of ellipsoids using :func:`pyproj.get_ellps_map`
or with the variable `pyproj.pj_ellps`.
The parameters of the ellipsoid may also be set directly using
the 'a' (semi-major or equatorial axis radius) keyword, and
any one of the following keywords: 'b' (semi-minor,
or polar axis radius), 'e' (eccentricity), 'es' (eccentricity
squared), 'f' (flattening), or 'rf' (reciprocal flattening).
See the proj documentation (https://proj.org) for more
information about specifying ellipsoid parameters.
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
>>> # specify the lat/lons of some cities.
>>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
>>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
>>> newyork_lat = 40.+(47./60.); newyork_lon = -73.-(58./60.)
>>> london_lat = 51.+(32./60.); london_lon = -(5./60.)
>>> # compute forward and back azimuths, plus distance
>>> # between Boston and Portland.
>>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat)
>>> f"{az12:.3f} {az21:.3f} {dist:.3f}"
'-66.531 75.654 4164192.708'
>>> # compute latitude, longitude and back azimuth of Portland,
>>> # given Boston lat/lon, forward azimuth and distance to Portland.
>>> endlon, endlat, backaz = g.fwd(boston_lon, boston_lat, az12, dist)
>>> f"{endlat:.3f} {endlon:.3f} {backaz:.3f}"
'45.517 -123.683 75.654'
>>> # compute the azimuths, distances from New York to several
>>> # cities (pass a list)
>>> lons1 = 3*[newyork_lon]; lats1 = 3*[newyork_lat]
>>> lons2 = [boston_lon, portland_lon, london_lon]
>>> lats2 = [boston_lat, portland_lat, london_lat]
>>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(lons1,lats1,lons2,lats2)
>>> for faz, baz, d in list(zip(az12,az21,dist)):
... f"{faz:7.3f} {baz:8.3f} {d:12.3f}"
' 54.663 -123.448 288303.720'
'-65.463 79.342 4013037.318'
' 51.254 -71.576 5579916.651'
>>> g2 = Geod('+ellps=clrk66') # use proj4 style initialization string
>>> az12,az21,dist = g2.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat)
>>> f"{az12:.3f} {az21:.3f} {dist:.3f}"
'-66.531 75.654 4164192.708'
"""
# if initparams is a proj-type init string,
# convert to dict.
ellpsd: Dict[str, Union[str, float]] = {}
if initstring is not None:
for kvpair in initstring.split():
# Actually only +a and +b are needed
# We can ignore safely any parameter that doesn't have a value
if kvpair.find("=") == -1:
continue
key, val = kvpair.split("=")
key = key.lstrip("+")
if key in ["a", "b", "rf", "f", "es", "e"]:
ellpsd[key] = float(val)
else:
ellpsd[key] = val
# merge this dict with kwargs dict.
kwargs = dict(list(kwargs.items()) + list(ellpsd.items()))
sphere = False
if "ellps" in kwargs:
(
semi_major_axis,
semi_minor_axis,
flattening,
eccentricity_squared,
sphere,
) = _params_from_ellps_map(kwargs["ellps"])
else:
(
semi_major_axis,
semi_minor_axis,
flattening,
eccentricity_squared,
) = _params_from_kwargs(kwargs)
if math.fabs(flattening) < 1.0e-8:
sphere = True
super().__init__(
semi_major_axis, flattening, sphere, semi_minor_axis, eccentricity_squared
)
def fwd( # pylint: disable=invalid-name
self, lons: Any, lats: Any, az: Any, dist: Any, radians: bool = False
) -> Tuple[Any, Any, Any]:
"""
Forward transformation
Determine longitudes, latitudes and back azimuths of terminus
points given longitudes and latitudes of initial points,
plus forward azimuths and distances.
Parameters
----------
lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Longitude(s) of initial point(s)
lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Latitude(s) of initial point(s)
az: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Forward azimuth(s)
dist: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Distance(s) between initial and terminus point(s)
in meters
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
Longitude(s) of terminus point(s)
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
Latitude(s) of terminus point(s)
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
Back azimuth(s)
"""
# process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
inx, x_data_type = _copytobuffer(lons)
iny, y_data_type = _copytobuffer(lats)
inz, z_data_type = _copytobuffer(az)
ind = _copytobuffer(dist)[0]
self._fwd(inx, iny, inz, ind, radians=radians)
# if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back.
outx = _convertback(x_data_type, inx)
outy = _convertback(y_data_type, iny)
outz = _convertback(z_data_type, inz)
return outx, outy, outz
def inv(
self,
lons1: Any,
lats1: Any,
lons2: Any,
lats2: Any,
radians: bool = False,
) -> Tuple[Any, Any, Any]:
"""
Inverse transformation
Determine forward and back azimuths, plus distances
between initial points and terminus points.
Parameters
----------
lons1: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Longitude(s) of initial point(s)
lats1: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Latitude(s) of initial point(s)
lons2: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Longitude(s) of terminus point(s)
lats2: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
Latitude(s) of terminus point(s)
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
Forward azimuth(s)
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
Back azimuth(s)
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
Distance(s) between initial and terminus point(s)
in meters
"""
# process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
inx, x_data_type = _copytobuffer(lons1)
iny, y_data_type = _copytobuffer(lats1)
inz, z_data_type = _copytobuffer(lons2)
ind = _copytobuffer(lats2)[0]
self._inv(inx, iny, inz, ind, radians=radians)
# if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back.
outx = _convertback(x_data_type, inx)
outy = _convertback(y_data_type, iny)
outz = _convertback(z_data_type, inz)
return outx, outy, outz
def npts(
self,
lon1: float,
lat1: float,
lon2: float,
lat2: float,
npts: int,
radians: bool = False,
initial_idx: int = 1,
terminus_idx: int = 1,
) -> List:
"""
.. versionadded:: 3.1.0 initial_idx, terminus_idx
Given a single initial point and terminus point, returns
a list of longitude/latitude pairs describing npts equally
spaced intermediate points along the geodesic between the
initial and terminus points.
Similar to inv_intermediate(), but with less options.
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
>>> # specify the lat/lons of Boston and Portland.
>>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
>>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
>>> # find ten equally spaced points between Boston and Portland.
>>> lonlats = g.npts(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat,10)
>>> for lon,lat in lonlats: f'{lat:.3f} {lon:.3f}'
'43.528 -75.414'
'44.637 -79.883'
'45.565 -84.512'
'46.299 -89.279'
'46.830 -94.156'
'47.149 -99.112'
'47.251 -104.106'
'47.136 -109.100'
'46.805 -114.051'
'46.262 -118.924'
>>> # test with radians=True (inputs/outputs in radians, not degrees)
>>> import math
>>> dg2rad = math.radians(1.)
>>> rad2dg = math.degrees(1.)
>>> lonlats = g.npts(
... dg2rad*boston_lon,
... dg2rad*boston_lat,
... dg2rad*portland_lon,
... dg2rad*portland_lat,
... 10,
... radians=True
... )
>>> for lon,lat in lonlats: f'{rad2dg*lat:.3f} {rad2dg*lon:.3f}'
'43.528 -75.414'
'44.637 -79.883'
'45.565 -84.512'
'46.299 -89.279'
'46.830 -94.156'
'47.149 -99.112'
'47.251 -104.106'
'47.136 -109.100'
'46.805 -114.051'
'46.262 -118.924'
Parameters
----------
lon1: float
Longitude of the initial point
lat1: float
Latitude of the initial point
lon2: float
Longitude of the terminus point
lat2: float
Latitude of the terminus point
npts: int
Number of points to be returned
(including initial and/or terminus points, if required)
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
initial_idx: int, default=1
if initial_idx==0 then the initial point would be included in the output
(as the first point)
terminus_idx: int, default=1
if terminus_idx==0 then the terminus point would be included in the output
(as the last point)
Returns
-------
list of tuples:
list of (lon, lat) points along the geodesic
between the initial and terminus points.
"""
res = self._inv_or_fwd_intermediate(
lon1=lon1,
lat1=lat1,
lon2_or_azi1=lon2,
lat2_or_nan=lat2,
npts=npts,
del_s=0,
radians=radians,
initial_idx=initial_idx,
terminus_idx=terminus_idx,
flags=GeodIntermediateFlag.AZIS_DISCARD,
out_lons=None,
out_lats=None,
out_azis=None,
)
return list(zip(res.lons, res.lats))
def inv_intermediate(
self,
lon1: float,
lat1: float,
lon2: float,
lat2: float,
npts: int = 0,
del_s: float = 0,
initial_idx: int = 1,
terminus_idx: int = 1,
radians: bool = False,
flags: GeodIntermediateFlag = GeodIntermediateFlag.DEFAULT,
out_lons: Any = None,
out_lats: Any = None,
out_azis: Any = None,
) -> GeodIntermediateReturn:
"""
.. versionadded:: 3.1.0
Given a single initial point and terminus point,
and the number of points, returns
a list of longitude/latitude pairs describing npts equally
spaced intermediate points along the geodesic between the
initial and terminus points.
npts and del_s parameters are mutually exclusive:
if npts != 0:
it calculates the distance between the points by
the distance between the initial point and the
terminus point divided by npts
(the number of intermediate points)
else:
it calculates the number of intermediate points by
dividing the distance between the initial and
terminus points by del_s
(delimiter distance between two successive points)
Similar to npts(), but with more options.
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
>>> # specify the lat/lons of Boston and Portland.
>>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
>>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
>>> # find ten equally spaced points between Boston and Portland.
>>> r = g.inv_intermediate(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat,10)
>>> for lon,lat in zip(r.lons, r.lats): f'{lat:.3f} {lon:.3f}'
'43.528 -75.414'
'44.637 -79.883'
'45.565 -84.512'
'46.299 -89.279'
'46.830 -94.156'
'47.149 -99.112'
'47.251 -104.106'
'47.136 -109.100'
'46.805 -114.051'
'46.262 -118.924'
>>> # test with radians=True (inputs/outputs in radians, not degrees)
>>> import math
>>> dg2rad = math.radians(1.)
>>> rad2dg = math.degrees(1.)
>>> r = g.inv_intermediate(
... dg2rad*boston_lon,
... dg2rad*boston_lat,
... dg2rad*portland_lon,
... dg2rad*portland_lat,
... 10,
... radians=True
... )
>>> for lon,lat in zip(r.lons, r.lats): f'{rad2dg*lat:.3f} {rad2dg*lon:.3f}'
'43.528 -75.414'
'44.637 -79.883'
'45.565 -84.512'
'46.299 -89.279'
'46.830 -94.156'
'47.149 -99.112'
'47.251 -104.106'
'47.136 -109.100'
'46.805 -114.051'
'46.262 -118.924'
Parameters
----------
lon1: float
Longitude of the initial point
lat1: float
Latitude of the initial point
lon2: float
Longitude of the terminus point
lat2: float
Latitude of the terminus point
npts: int, default=0
Number of points to be returned
npts == 0 if del_s != 0
del_s: float, default=0
delimiter distance between two successive points
del_s == 0 if npts != 0
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
initial_idx: int, default=1
if initial_idx==0 then the initial point would be included in the output
(as the first point)
terminus_idx: int, default=1
if terminus_idx==0 then the terminus point would be included in the output
(as the last point)
flags: GeodIntermediateFlag, default=GeodIntermediateFlag.DEFAULT
* 1st - round/ceil/trunc (see ``GeodIntermediateFlag.NPTS_*``)
* 2nd - update del_s to the new npts or not
(see ``GeodIntermediateFlag.DEL_S_*``)
* 3rd - if out_azis=None, indicates if to save or discard the azimuths
(see ``GeodIntermediateFlag.AZIS_*``)
* default - round npts, update del_s accordingly, discard azis
out_lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, optional
Longitude(s) of the intermediate point(s)
If None then buffers would be allocated internnaly
out_lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, optional
Latitudes(s) of the intermediate point(s)
If None then buffers would be allocated internnaly
out_azis: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, optional
az12(s) of the intermediate point(s)
If None then buffers would be allocated internnaly
unless requested otherwise by the flags
Returns
-------
GeodIntermediateReturn:
number of points, distance and output arrays (GeodIntermediateReturn docs)
"""
return super()._inv_or_fwd_intermediate(
lon1=lon1,
lat1=lat1,
lon2_or_azi1=lon2,
lat2_or_nan=lat2,
npts=npts,
del_s=del_s,
radians=radians,
initial_idx=initial_idx,
terminus_idx=terminus_idx,
flags=int(flags),
out_lons=out_lons,
out_lats=out_lats,
out_azis=out_azis,
)
def fwd_intermediate(
self,
lon1: float,
lat1: float,
azi1: float,
npts: int,
del_s: float,
initial_idx: int = 1,
terminus_idx: int = 1,
radians: bool = False,
flags: GeodIntermediateFlag = GeodIntermediateFlag.DEFAULT,
out_lons: Any = None,
out_lats: Any = None,
out_azis: Any = None,
) -> GeodIntermediateReturn:
"""
.. versionadded:: 3.1.0
Given a single initial point and azimuth, number of points (npts)
and delimiter distance between two successive points (del_s), returns
a list of longitude/latitude pairs describing npts equally
spaced intermediate points along the geodesic between the
initial and terminus points.
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
>>> # specify the lat/lons of Boston and Portland.
>>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
>>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
>>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat)
>>> # find ten equally spaced points between Boston and Portland.
>>> npts = 10
>>> del_s = dist/(npts+1)
>>> r = g.fwd_intermediate(boston_lon,boston_lat,az12,npts=npts,del_s=del_s)
>>> for lon,lat in zip(r.lons, r.lats): f'{lat:.3f} {lon:.3f}'
'43.528 -75.414'
'44.637 -79.883'
'45.565 -84.512'
'46.299 -89.279'
'46.830 -94.156'
'47.149 -99.112'
'47.251 -104.106'
'47.136 -109.100'
'46.805 -114.051'
'46.262 -118.924'
>>> # test with radians=True (inputs/outputs in radians, not degrees)
>>> import math
>>> dg2rad = math.radians(1.)
>>> rad2dg = math.degrees(1.)
>>> r = g.fwd_intermediate(
... dg2rad*boston_lon,
... dg2rad*boston_lat,
... dg2rad*az12,
... npts=npts,
... del_s=del_s,
... radians=True
... )
>>> for lon,lat in zip(r.lons, r.lats): f'{rad2dg*lat:.3f} {rad2dg*lon:.3f}'
'43.528 -75.414'
'44.637 -79.883'
'45.565 -84.512'
'46.299 -89.279'
'46.830 -94.156'
'47.149 -99.112'
'47.251 -104.106'
'47.136 -109.100'
'46.805 -114.051'
'46.262 -118.924'
Parameters
----------
lon1: float
Longitude of the initial point
lat1: float
Latitude of the initial point
azi1: float
Azimuth from the initial point towards the terminus point
npts: int
Number of points to be returned
(including initial and/or terminus points, if required)
del_s: float
delimiter distance between two successive points
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
initial_idx: int, default=1
if initial_idx==0 then the initial point would be included in the output
(as the first point)
terminus_idx: int, default=1
if terminus_idx==0 then the terminus point would be included in the output
(as the last point)
flags: GeodIntermediateFlag, default=GeodIntermediateFlag.DEFAULT
* 1st - round/ceil/trunc (see ``GeodIntermediateFlag.NPTS_*``)
* 2nd - update del_s to the new npts or not
(see ``GeodIntermediateFlag.DEL_S_*``)
* 3rd - if out_azis=None, indicates if to save or discard the azimuths
(see ``GeodIntermediateFlag.AZIS_*``)
* default - round npts, update del_s accordingly, discard azis
out_lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, optional
Longitude(s) of the intermediate point(s)
If None then buffers would be allocated internnaly
out_lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, optional
Latitudes(s) of the intermediate point(s)
If None then buffers would be allocated internnaly
out_azis: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, optional
az12(s) of the intermediate point(s)
If None then buffers would be allocated internnaly
unless requested otherwise by the flags
Returns
-------
GeodIntermediateReturn:
number of points, distance and output arrays (GeodIntermediateReturn docs)
"""
return super()._inv_or_fwd_intermediate(
lon1=lon1,
lat1=lat1,
lon2_or_azi1=azi1,
lat2_or_nan=math.nan,
npts=npts,
del_s=del_s,
radians=radians,
initial_idx=initial_idx,
terminus_idx=terminus_idx,
flags=int(flags),
out_lons=out_lons,
out_lats=out_lats,
out_azis=out_azis,
)
def line_length(self, lons: Any, lats: Any, radians: bool = False) -> float:
"""
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
Calculate the total distance between points along a line (meters).
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> geod = Geod('+a=6378137 +f=0.0033528106647475126')
>>> lats = [-72.9, -71.9, -74.9, -74.3, -77.5, -77.4, -71.7, -65.9, -65.7,
... -66.6, -66.9, -69.8, -70.0, -71.0, -77.3, -77.9, -74.7]
>>> lons = [-74, -102, -102, -131, -163, 163, 172, 140, 113,
... 88, 59, 25, -4, -14, -33, -46, -61]
>>> total_length = geod.line_length(lons, lats)
>>> f"{total_length:.3f}"
'14259605.611'
Parameters
----------
lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
The longitude points along a line.
lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
The latitude points along a line.
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
float:
The total length of the line (meters).
"""
# process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
inx = _copytobuffer(lons)[0]
iny = _copytobuffer(lats)[0]
return self._line_length(inx, iny, radians=radians)
def line_lengths(self, lons: Any, lats: Any, radians: bool = False) -> Any:
"""
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
Calculate the distances between points along a line (meters).
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
>>> lats = [-72.9, -71.9, -74.9]
>>> lons = [-74, -102, -102]
>>> for line_length in geod.line_lengths(lons, lats):
... f"{line_length:.3f}"
'943065.744'
'334805.010'
Parameters
----------
lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
The longitude points along a line.
lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
The latitude points along a line.
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
The total length of the line (meters).
"""
# process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
inx, x_data_type = _copytobuffer(lons)
iny = _copytobuffer(lats)[0]
self._line_length(inx, iny, radians=radians)
line_lengths = _convertback(x_data_type, inx)
return line_lengths if x_data_type == DataType.FLOAT else line_lengths[:-1]
def polygon_area_perimeter(
self, lons: Any, lats: Any, radians: bool = False
) -> Tuple[float, float]:
"""
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
A simple interface for computing the area (meters^2) and perimeter (meters)
of a geodesic polygon.
Arbitrarily complex polygons are allowed. In the case self-intersecting
of polygons the area is accumulated "algebraically", e.g., the areas of
the 2 loops in a figure-8 polygon will partially cancel. There's no need
to "close" the polygon by repeating the first vertex. The area returned
is signed with counter-clockwise traversal being treated as positive.
.. note:: lats should be in the range [-90 deg, 90 deg].
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> geod = Geod('+a=6378137 +f=0.0033528106647475126')
>>> lats = [-72.9, -71.9, -74.9, -74.3, -77.5, -77.4, -71.7, -65.9, -65.7,
... -66.6, -66.9, -69.8, -70.0, -71.0, -77.3, -77.9, -74.7]
>>> lons = [-74, -102, -102, -131, -163, 163, 172, 140, 113,
... 88, 59, 25, -4, -14, -33, -46, -61]
>>> poly_area, poly_perimeter = geod.polygon_area_perimeter(lons, lats)
>>> f"{poly_area:.1f} {poly_perimeter:.1f}"
'13376856682207.4 14710425.4'
Parameters
----------
lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
An array of longitude values.
lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
An array of latitude values.
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
(float, float):
The geodesic area (meters^2) and permimeter (meters) of the polygon.
"""
return self._polygon_area_perimeter(
_copytobuffer(lons)[0], _copytobuffer(lats)[0], radians=radians
)
def geometry_length(self, geometry, radians: bool = False) -> float:
"""
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
Returns the geodesic length (meters) of the shapely geometry.
If it is a Polygon, it will return the sum of the
lengths along the perimeter.
If it is a MultiPolygon or MultiLine, it will return
the sum of the lengths.
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString
>>> line_string = LineString([Point(1, 2), Point(3, 4)])
>>> geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
>>> f"{geod.geometry_length(line_string):.3f}"
'313588.397'
Parameters
----------
geometry: :class:`shapely.geometry.BaseGeometry`
The geometry to calculate the length from.
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
float:
The total geodesic length of the geometry (meters).
"""
try:
return self.line_length(*geometry.xy, radians=radians) # type: ignore
except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
pass
if hasattr(geometry, "exterior"):
return self.geometry_length(geometry.exterior, radians=radians)
if hasattr(geometry, "geoms"):
total_length = 0.0
for geom in geometry.geoms:
total_length += self.geometry_length(geom, radians=radians)
return total_length
raise GeodError("Invalid geometry provided.")
def geometry_area_perimeter(
self, geometry, radians: bool = False
) -> Tuple[float, float]:
"""
.. versionadded:: 2.3.0
A simple interface for computing the area (meters^2) and perimeter (meters)
of a geodesic polygon as a shapely geometry.
Arbitrarily complex polygons are allowed. In the case self-intersecting
of polygons the area is accumulated "algebraically", e.g., the areas of
the 2 loops in a figure-8 polygon will partially cancel. There's no need
to "close" the polygon by repeating the first vertex.
.. note:: lats should be in the range [-90 deg, 90 deg].
.. warning:: The area returned is signed with counter-clockwise (CCW) traversal
being treated as positive. For polygons, holes should use the
opposite traversal to the exterior (if the exterior is CCW, the
holes/interiors should be CW). You can use `shapely.ops.orient` to
modify the orientation.
If it is a Polygon, it will return the area and exterior perimeter.
It will subtract the area of the interior holes.
If it is a MultiPolygon or MultiLine, it will return
the sum of the areas and perimeters of all geometries.
Example usage:
>>> from pyproj import Geod
>>> from shapely.geometry import LineString, Point, Polygon
>>> geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
>>> poly_area, poly_perimeter = geod.geometry_area_perimeter(
... Polygon(
... LineString([
... Point(1, 1), Point(10, 1), Point(10, 10), Point(1, 10)
... ]),
... holes=[LineString([Point(1, 2), Point(3, 4), Point(5, 2)])],
... )
... )
>>> f"{poly_area:.0f} {poly_perimeter:.0f}"
'944373881400 3979008'
Parameters
----------
geometry: :class:`shapely.geometry.BaseGeometry`
The geometry to calculate the area and perimeter from.
radians: bool, default=False
If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.
Otherwise, the data is assumed to be in degrees.
Returns
-------
(float, float):
The geodesic area (meters^2) and permimeter (meters) of the polygon.
"""
try:
return self.polygon_area_perimeter( # type: ignore
*geometry.xy, radians=radians
)
except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
pass
# polygon
if hasattr(geometry, "exterior"):
total_area, total_perimeter = self.geometry_area_perimeter(
geometry.exterior, radians=radians
)
# subtract area of holes
for hole in geometry.interiors:
area, _ = self.geometry_area_perimeter(hole, radians=radians)
total_area += area
return total_area, total_perimeter
# multi geometries
if hasattr(geometry, "geoms"):
total_area = 0.0
total_perimeter = 0.0
for geom in geometry.geoms:
area, perimeter = self.geometry_area_perimeter(geom, radians=radians)
total_area += area
total_perimeter += perimeter
return total_area, total_perimeter
raise GeodError("Invalid geometry provided.")
def __repr__(self) -> str:
# search for ellipse name
for (ellps, vals) in pj_ellps.items():
if self.a == vals["a"]:
# self.sphere is True when self.f is zero or very close to
# zero (0), so prevent divide by zero.
if self.b == vals.get("b") or (
not self.sphere and (1.0 / self.f) == vals.get("rf")
):
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(ellps={ellps!r})"
# no ellipse name found, call super class
return super().__repr__()
def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
"""
equality operator == for Geod objects