_msvccompiler.py

"""distutils._msvccompiler

Contains MSVCCompiler, an implementation of the abstract CCompiler class
for Microsoft Visual Studio 2015.

The module is compatible with VS 2015 and later. You can find legacy support
for older versions in distutils.msvc9compiler and distutils.msvccompiler.
"""

# Written by Perry Stoll
# hacked by Robin Becker and Thomas Heller to do a better job of
#   finding DevStudio (through the registry)
# ported to VS 2005 and VS 2008 by Christian Heimes
# ported to VS 2015 by Steve Dower

import os
import subprocess
import contextlib
import warnings
import unittest.mock as mock

with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
    import winreg

from .errors import (
    DistutilsExecError,
    DistutilsPlatformError,
    CompileError,
    LibError,
    LinkError,
)
from .ccompiler import CCompiler, gen_lib_options
from ._log import log
from .util import get_platform

from itertools import count


def _find_vc2015():
    try:
        key = winreg.OpenKeyEx(
            winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
            r"Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\SxS\VC7",
            access=winreg.KEY_READ | winreg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY,
        )
    except OSError:
        log.debug("Visual C++ is not registered")
        return None, None

    best_version = 0
    best_dir = None
    with key:
        for i in count():
            try:
                v, vc_dir, vt = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)
            except OSError:
                break
            if v and vt == winreg.REG_SZ and os.path.isdir(vc_dir):
                try:
                    version = int(float(v))
                except (ValueError, TypeError):
                    continue
                if version >= 14 and version > best_version:
                    best_version, best_dir = version, vc_dir
    return best_version, best_dir


def _find_vc2017():
    """Returns "15, path" based on the result of invoking vswhere.exe
    If no install is found, returns "None, None"

    The version is returned to avoid unnecessarily changing the function
    result. It may be ignored when the path is not None.

    If vswhere.exe is not available, by definition, VS 2017 is not
    installed.
    """
    root = os.environ.get("ProgramFiles(x86)") or os.environ.get("ProgramFiles")
    if not root:
        return None, None

    try:
        path = subprocess.check_output(
            [
                os.path.join(
                    root, "Microsoft Visual Studio", "Installer", "vswhere.exe"
                ),
                "-latest",
                "-prerelease",
                "-requires",
                "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64",
                "-property",
                "installationPath",
                "-products",
                "*",
            ],
            encoding="mbcs",
            errors="strict",
        ).strip()
    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, OSError, UnicodeDecodeError):
        return None, None

    path = os.path.join(path, "VC", "Auxiliary", "Build")
    if os.path.isdir(path):
        return 15, path

    return None, None


PLAT_SPEC_TO_RUNTIME = {
    'x86': 'x86',
    'x86_amd64': 'x64',
    'x86_arm': 'arm',
    'x86_arm64': 'arm64',
}


def _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec):
    # bpo-38597: Removed vcruntime return value
    _, best_dir = _find_vc2017()

    if not best_dir:
        best_version, best_dir = _find_vc2015()

    if not best_dir:
        log.debug("No suitable Visual C++ version found")
        return None, None

    vcvarsall = os.path.join(best_dir, "vcvarsall.bat")
    if not os.path.isfile(vcvarsall):
        log.debug("%s cannot be found", vcvarsall)
        return None, None

    return vcvarsall, None


def _get_vc_env(plat_spec):
    if os.getenv("DISTUTILS_USE_SDK"):
        return {key.lower(): value for key, value in os.environ.items()}

    vcvarsall, _ = _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec)
    if not vcvarsall:
        raise DistutilsPlatformError("Unable to find vcvarsall.bat")

    try:
        out = subprocess.check_output(
            f'cmd /u /c "{vcvarsall}" {plat_spec} && set',
            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
        ).decode('utf-16le', errors='replace')
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
        log.error(exc.output)
        raise DistutilsPlatformError(f"Error executing {exc.cmd}")

    env = {
        key.lower(): value
        for key, _, value in (line.partition('=') for line in out.splitlines())
        if key and value
    }

    return env


def _find_exe(exe, paths=None):
    """Return path to an MSVC executable program.

    Tries to find the program in several places: first, one of the
    MSVC program search paths from the registry; next, the directories
    in the PATH environment variable.  If any of those work, return an
    absolute path that is known to exist.  If none of them work, just
    return the original program name, 'exe'.
    """
    if not paths:
        paths = os.getenv('path').split(os.pathsep)
    for p in paths:
        fn = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(p), exe)
        if os.path.isfile(fn):
            return fn
    return exe


# A map keyed by get_platform() return values to values accepted by
# 'vcvarsall.bat'. Always cross-compile from x86 to work with the
# lighter-weight MSVC installs that do not include native 64-bit tools.
PLAT_TO_VCVARS = {
    'win32': 'x86',
    'win-amd64': 'x86_amd64',
    'win-arm32': 'x86_arm',
    'win-arm64': 'x86_arm64',
}


class MSVCCompiler(CCompiler):
    """Concrete class that implements an interface to Microsoft Visual C++,
    as defined by the CCompiler abstract class."""

    compiler_type = 'msvc'

    # Just set this so CCompiler's constructor doesn't barf.  We currently
    # don't use the 'set_executables()' bureaucracy provided by CCompiler,
    # as it really isn't necessary for this sort of single-compiler class.
    # Would be nice to have a consistent interface with UnixCCompiler,
    # though, so it's worth thinking about.
    executables = {}

    # Private class data (need to distinguish C from C++ source for compiler)
    _c_extensions = ['.c']
    _cpp_extensions = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx']
    _rc_extensions = ['.rc']
    _mc_extensions = ['.mc']

    # Needed for the filename generation methods provided by the
    # base class, CCompiler.
    src_extensions = _c_extensions + _cpp_extensions + _rc_extensions + _mc_extensions
    res_extension = '.res'
    obj_extension = '.obj'
    static_lib_extension = '.lib'
    shared_lib_extension = '.dll'
    static_lib_format = shared_lib_format = '%s%s'
    exe_extension = '.exe'

    def __init__(self, verbose=0, dry_run=0, force=0):
        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
        # target platform (.plat_name is consistent with 'bdist')
        self.plat_name = None
        self.initialized = False

    @classmethod
    def _configure(cls, vc_env):
        """
        Set class-level include/lib dirs.
        """
        cls.include_dirs = cls._parse_path(vc_env.get('include', ''))
        cls.library_dirs = cls._parse_path(vc_env.get('lib', ''))

    @staticmethod
    def _parse_path(val):
        return [dir.rstrip(os.sep) for dir in val.split(os.pathsep) if dir]

    def initialize(self, plat_name=None):
        # multi-init means we would need to check platform same each time...
        assert not self.initialized, "don't init multiple times"
        if plat_name is None:
            plat_name = get_platform()
        # sanity check for platforms to prevent obscure errors later.
        if plat_name not in PLAT_TO_VCVARS:
            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
                f"--plat-name must be one of {tuple(PLAT_TO_VCVARS)}"
            )

        # Get the vcvarsall.bat spec for the requested platform.
        plat_spec = PLAT_TO_VCVARS[plat_name]

        vc_env = _get_vc_env(plat_spec)
        if not vc_env:
            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
                "Unable to find a compatible " "Visual Studio installation."
            )
        self._configure(vc_env)

        self._paths = vc_env.get('path', '')
        paths = self._paths.split(os.pathsep)
        self.cc = _find_exe("cl.exe", paths)
        self.linker = _find_exe("link.exe", paths)
        self.lib = _find_exe("lib.exe", paths)
        self.rc = _find_exe("rc.exe", paths)  # resource compiler
        self.mc = _find_exe("mc.exe", paths)  # message compiler
        self.mt = _find_exe("mt.exe", paths)  # message compiler

        self.preprocess_options = None
        # bpo-38597: Always compile with dynamic linking
        # Future releases of Python 3.x will include all past
        # versions of vcruntime*.dll for compatibility.
        self.compile_options = ['/nologo', '/O2', '/W3', '/GL', '/DNDEBUG', '/MD']

        self.compile_options_debug = [
            '/nologo',
            '/Od',
            '/MDd',
            '/Zi',
            '/W3',
            '/D_DEBUG',
        ]

        ldflags = ['/nologo', '/INCREMENTAL:NO', '/LTCG']

        ldflags_debug = ['/nologo', '/INCREMENTAL:NO', '/LTCG', '/DEBUG:FULL']

        self.ldflags_exe = [*ldflags, '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1']
        self.ldflags_exe_debug = [*ldflags_debug, '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1']
        self.ldflags_shared = [
            *ldflags,
            '/DLL',
            '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2',
            '/MANIFESTUAC:NO',
        ]
        self.ldflags_shared_debug = [
            *ldflags_debug,
            '/DLL',
            '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2',
            '/MANIFESTUAC:NO',
        ]
        self.ldflags_static = [*ldflags]
        self.ldflags_static_debug = [*ldflags_debug]

        self._ldflags = {
            (CCompiler.EXECUTABLE, None): self.ldflags_exe,
            (CCompiler.EXECUTABLE, False): self.ldflags_exe,
            (CCompiler.EXECUTABLE, True): self.ldflags_exe_debug,
            (CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT, None): self.ldflags_shared,
            (CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT, False): self.ldflags_shared,
            (CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT, True): self.ldflags_shared_debug,
            (CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, None): self.ldflags_static,
            (CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, False): self.ldflags_static,
            (CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, True): self.ldflags_static_debug,
        }

        self.initialized = True

    # -- Worker methods ------------------------------------------------

    @property
    def out_extensions(self):
        return {
            **super().out_extensions,
            **{
                ext: self.res_extension
                for ext in self._rc_extensions + self._mc_extensions
            },
        }

    def compile(  # noqa: C901
        self,
        sources,
        output_dir=None,
        macros=None,
        include_dirs=None,
        debug=0,
        extra_preargs=None,
        extra_postargs=None,
        depends=None,
    ):

        if not self.initialized:
            self.initialize()
        compile_info = self._setup_compile(
            output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs
        )
        macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = compile_info

        compile_opts = extra_preargs or []
        compile_opts.append('/c')
        if debug:
            compile_opts.extend(self.compile_options_debug)
        else:
            compile_opts.extend(self.compile_options)

        add_cpp_opts = False

        for obj in objects:
            try:
                src, ext = build[obj]
            except KeyError:
                continue
            if debug:
                # pass the full pathname to MSVC in debug mode,
                # this allows the debugger to find the source file
                # without asking the user to browse for it
                src = os.path.abspath(src)

            if ext in self._c_extensions:
                input_opt = "/Tc" + src
            elif ext in self._cpp_extensions:
                input_opt = "/Tp" + src
                add_cpp_opts = True
            elif ext in self._rc_extensions:
                # compile .RC to .RES file
                input_opt = src
                output_opt = "/fo" + obj
                try:
                    self.spawn([self.rc] + pp_opts + [output_opt, input_opt])
                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
                    raise CompileError(msg)
                continue
            elif ext in self._mc_extensions:
                # Compile .MC to .RC file to .RES file.
                #   * '-h dir' specifies the directory for the
                #     generated include file
                #   * '-r dir' specifies the target directory of the
                #     generated RC file and the binary message resource
                #     it includes
                #
                # For now (since there are no options to change this),
                # we use the source-directory for the include file and
                # the build directory for the RC file and message
                # resources. This works at least for win32all.
                h_dir = os.path.dirname(src)
                rc_dir = os.path.dirname(obj)
                try:
                    # first compile .MC to .RC and .H file
                    self.spawn([self.mc, '-h', h_dir, '-r', rc_dir, src])
                    base, _ = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(src))
                    rc_file = os.path.join(rc_dir, base + '.rc')
                    # then compile .RC to .RES file
                    self.spawn([self.rc, "/fo" + obj, rc_file])

                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
                    raise CompileError(msg)
                continue
            else:
                # how to handle this file?
                raise CompileError(f"Don't know how to compile {src} to {obj}")

            args = [self.cc] + compile_opts + pp_opts
            if add_cpp_opts:
                args.append('/EHsc')
            args.append(input_opt)
            args.append("/Fo" + obj)
            args.extend(extra_postargs)

            try:
                self.spawn(args)
            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
                raise CompileError(msg)

        return objects

    def create_static_lib(
        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=0, target_lang=None
    ):

        if not self.initialized:
            self.initialize()
        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
        output_filename = self.library_filename(output_libname, output_dir=output_dir)

        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
            lib_args = objects + ['/OUT:' + output_filename]
            if debug:
                pass  # XXX what goes here?
            try:
                log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.lib, ' '.join(lib_args))
                self.spawn([self.lib] + lib_args)
            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
                raise LibError(msg)
        else:
            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)

    def link(
        self,
        target_desc,
        objects,
        output_filename,
        output_dir=None,
        libraries=None,
        library_dirs=None,
        runtime_library_dirs=None,
        export_symbols=None,
        debug=0,
        extra_preargs=None,
        extra_postargs=None,
        build_temp=None,
        target_lang=None,
    ):

        if not self.initialized:
            self.initialize()
        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
        fixed_args = self._fix_lib_args(libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
        libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs = fixed_args

        if runtime_library_dirs:
            self.warn(
                "I don't know what to do with 'runtime_library_dirs': "
                + str(runtime_library_dirs)
            )

        lib_opts = gen_lib_options(self, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries)
        if output_dir is not None:
            output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, output_filename)

        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
            ldflags = self._ldflags[target_desc, debug]

            export_opts = ["/EXPORT:" + sym for sym in (export_symbols or [])]

            ld_args = (
                ldflags + lib_opts + export_opts + objects + ['/OUT:' + output_filename]
            )

            # The MSVC linker generates .lib and .exp files, which cannot be
            # suppressed by any linker switches. The .lib files may even be
            # needed! Make sure they are generated in the temporary build
            # directory. Since they have different names for debug and release
            # builds, they can go into the same directory.
            build_temp = os.path.dirname(objects[0])
            if export_symbols is not None:
                (dll_name, dll_ext) = os.path.splitext(
                    os.path.basename(output_filename)
                )
                implib_file = os.path.join(build_temp, self.library_filename(dll_name))
                ld_args.append('/IMPLIB:' + implib_file)

            if extra_preargs:
                ld_args[:0] = extra_preargs
            if extra_postargs:
                ld_args.extend(extra_postargs)

            output_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(output_filename))
            self.mkpath(output_dir)
            try:
                log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.linker, ' '.join(ld_args))
                self.spawn([self.linker] + ld_args)
            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
                raise LinkError(msg)
        else:
            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)

    def spawn(self, cmd):
        env = dict(os.environ, PATH=self._paths)
        with self._fallback_spawn(cmd, env) as fallback:
            return super().spawn(cmd, env=env)
        return fallback.value

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def _fallback_spawn(self, cmd, env):
        """
        Discovered in pypa/distutils#15, some tools monkeypatch the compiler,
        so the 'env' kwarg causes a TypeError. Detect this condition and
        restore the legacy, unsafe behavior.
        """
        bag = type('Bag', (), {})()
        try:
            yield bag
        except TypeError as exc:
            if "unexpected keyword argument 'env'" not in str(exc):
                raise
        else:
            return
        warnings.warn("Fallback spawn triggered. Please update distutils monkeypatch.")
        with mock.patch.dict('os.environ', env):
            bag.value = super().spawn(cmd)

    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function, in
    # ccompiler.py.

    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
        return "/LIBPATH:" + dir

    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
        raise DistutilsPlatformError(
            "don't know how to set runtime library search path for MSVC"
        )

    def library_option(self, lib):
        return self.library_filename(lib)

    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=0):
        # Prefer a debugging library if found (and requested), but deal
        # with it if we don't have one.
        if debug:
            try_names = [lib + "_d", lib]
        else:
            try_names = [lib]
        for dir in dirs:
            for name in try_names:
                libfile = os.path.join(dir, self.library_filename(name))
                if os.path.isfile(libfile):
                    return libfile
        else:
            # Oops, didn't find it in *any* of 'dirs'
            return None