Frame.ts

/**
 * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import {Protocol} from 'devtools-protocol';
import {assert} from '../util/assert.js';
import {isErrorLike} from '../util/ErrorLike.js';
import {CDPSession} from './Connection.js';
import {ElementHandle} from './ElementHandle.js';
import {ExecutionContext} from './ExecutionContext.js';
import {FrameManager} from './FrameManager.js';
import {HTTPResponse} from './HTTPResponse.js';
import {MouseButton} from './Input.js';
import {
  IsolatedWorld,
  IsolatedWorldChart,
  WaitForSelectorOptions,
} from './IsolatedWorld.js';
import {MAIN_WORLD, PUPPETEER_WORLD} from './IsolatedWorlds.js';
import {LifecycleWatcher, PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent} from './LifecycleWatcher.js';
import {Page} from '../api/Page.js';
import {getQueryHandlerAndSelector} from './QueryHandler.js';
import {EvaluateFunc, HandleFor, NodeFor} from './types.js';
import {importFS} from './util.js';

import {debug} from './Debug.js';

const log = debug('puppeteer:Frame');

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameWaitForFunctionOptions {
  /**
   * An interval at which the `pageFunction` is executed, defaults to `raf`. If
   * `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at
   * which the function would be executed. If `polling` is a string, then it can
   * be one of the following values:
   *
   * - `raf` - to constantly execute `pageFunction` in `requestAnimationFrame`
   *   callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe
   *   styling changes.
   *
   * - `mutation` - to execute `pageFunction` on every DOM mutation.
   */
  polling?: 'raf' | 'mutation' | number;
  /**
   * Maximum time to wait in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds).
   * Pass `0` to disable the timeout. Puppeteer's default timeout can be changed
   * using {@link Page.setDefaultTimeout}.
   */
  timeout?: number;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameAddScriptTagOptions {
  /**
   * URL of the script to be added.
   */
  url?: string;
  /**
   * Path to a JavaScript file to be injected into the frame.
   *
   * @remarks
   * If `path` is a relative path, it is resolved relative to the current
   * working directory (`process.cwd()` in Node.js).
   */
  path?: string;
  /**
   * JavaScript to be injected into the frame.
   */
  content?: string;
  /**
   * Sets the `type` of the script. Use `module` in order to load an ES2015 module.
   */
  type?: string;
  /**
   * Sets the `id` of the script.
   */
  id?: string;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameAddStyleTagOptions {
  /**
   * the URL of the CSS file to be added.
   */
  url?: string;
  /**
   * The path to a CSS file to be injected into the frame.
   * @remarks
   * If `path` is a relative path, it is resolved relative to the current
   * working directory (`process.cwd()` in Node.js).
   */
  path?: string;
  /**
   * Raw CSS content to be injected into the frame.
   */
  content?: string;
}

/**
 * Represents a DOM frame.
 *
 * To understand frames, you can think of frames as `<iframe>` elements. Just
 * like iframes, frames can be nested, and when JavaScript is executed in a
 * frame, the JavaScript does not effect frames inside the ambient frame the
 * JavaScript executes in.
 *
 * @example
 * At any point in time, {@link Page | pages} expose their current frame
 * tree via the {@link Page.mainFrame} and {@link Frame.childFrames} methods.
 *
 * @example
 * An example of dumping frame tree:
 *
 * ```ts
 * const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
 *
 * (async () => {
 *   const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
 *   const page = await browser.newPage();
 *   await page.goto('https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html');
 *   dumpFrameTree(page.mainFrame(), '');
 *   await browser.close();
 *
 *   function dumpFrameTree(frame, indent) {
 *     console.log(indent + frame.url());
 *     for (const child of frame.childFrames()) {
 *       dumpFrameTree(child, indent + '  ');
 *     }
 *   }
 * })();
 * ```
 *
 * @example
 * An example of getting text from an iframe element:
 *
 * ```ts
 * const frame = page.frames().find(frame => frame.name() === 'myframe');
 * const text = await frame.$eval('.selector', element => element.textContent);
 * console.log(text);
 * ```
 *
 * @remarks
 * Frame lifecycles are controlled by three events that are all dispatched on
 * the parent {@link Frame.page | page}:
 *
 * - {@link PageEmittedEvents.FrameAttached}
 * - {@link PageEmittedEvents.FrameNavigated}
 * - {@link PageEmittedEvents.FrameDetached}
 *
 * @public
 */
export class Frame {
  #url = '';
  #detached = false;
  #client!: CDPSession;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  worlds!: IsolatedWorldChart;
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _frameManager: FrameManager;
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _id: string;
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _loaderId = '';
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _name?: string;
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _hasStartedLoading = false;
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _lifecycleEvents = new Set<string>();
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _parentId?: string;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  constructor(
    frameManager: FrameManager,
    frameId: string,
    parentFrameId: string | undefined,
    client: CDPSession
  ) {
    this._frameManager = frameManager;
    this.#url = '';
    this._id = frameId;
    this._parentId = parentFrameId;
    this.#detached = false;

    this._loaderId = '';

    this.updateClient(client);
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  updateClient(client: CDPSession): void {
    this.#client = client;
    this.worlds = {
      [MAIN_WORLD]: new IsolatedWorld(this),
      [PUPPETEER_WORLD]: new IsolatedWorld(this),
    };
  }

  /**
   * @returns The page associated with the frame.
   */
  page(): Page {
    return this._frameManager.page();
  }

  /**
   * @returns `true` if the frame is an out-of-process (OOP) frame. Otherwise,
   * `false`.
   */
  isOOPFrame(): boolean {
    return this.#client !== this._frameManager.client;
  }

  /**
   * Navigates a frame to the given url.
   *
   * @remarks
   * Navigation to `about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different
   * hash will succeed and return `null`.
   *
   * :::warning
   *
   * Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the {@link
   * https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=761295 | upstream
   * issue}.
   *
   * :::
   *
   * @param url - the URL to navigate the frame to. This should include the
   * scheme, e.g. `https://`.
   * @param options - navigation options. `waitUntil` is useful to define when
   * the navigation should be considered successful - see the docs for
   * {@link PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent} for more details.
   *
   * @returns A promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of
   * multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the
   * last redirect.
   * @throws This method will throw an error if:
   *
   * - there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
   * - target URL is invalid.
   * - the `timeout` is exceeded during navigation.
   * - the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
   * - the main resource failed to load.
   *
   * This method will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is
   * returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal
   * Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by
   * calling {@link HTTPResponse.status}.
   */
  async goto(
    url: string,
    options: {
      referer?: string;
      timeout?: number;
      waitUntil?: PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent | PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent[];
    } = {}
  ): Promise<HTTPResponse | null> {
    const {
      referer = this._frameManager.networkManager.extraHTTPHeaders()['referer'],
      waitUntil = ['load'],
      timeout = this._frameManager.timeoutSettings.navigationTimeout(),
    } = options;

    let ensureNewDocumentNavigation = false;
    const watcher = new LifecycleWatcher(
      this._frameManager,
      this,
      waitUntil,
      timeout
    );
    let error = await Promise.race([
      navigate(this.#client, url, referer, this._id),
      watcher.timeoutOrTerminationPromise(),
    ]);
    if (!error) {
      error = await Promise.race([
        watcher.timeoutOrTerminationPromise(),
        ensureNewDocumentNavigation
          ? watcher.newDocumentNavigationPromise()
          : watcher.sameDocumentNavigationPromise(),
      ]);
    }

    try {
      if (error) {
        throw error;
      }
      return await watcher.navigationResponse();
    } finally {
      watcher.dispose();
    }

    async function navigate(
      client: CDPSession,
      url: string,
      referrer: string | undefined,
      frameId: string
    ): Promise<Error | null> {
      try {
        const response = await client.send('Page.navigate', {
          url,
          referrer,
          frameId,
        });
        ensureNewDocumentNavigation = !!response.loaderId;
        return response.errorText
          ? new Error(`${response.errorText} at ${url}`)
          : null;
      } catch (error) {
        if (isErrorLike(error)) {
          return error;
        }
        throw error;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Waits for the frame to navigate. It is useful for when you run code which
   * will indirectly cause the frame to navigate.
   *
   * Usage of the
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API | History API}
   * to change the URL is considered a navigation.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const [response] = await Promise.all([
   *   // The navigation promise resolves after navigation has finished
   *   frame.waitForNavigation(),
   *   // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
   *   frame.click('a.my-link'),
   * ]);
   * ```
   *
   * @param options - options to configure when the navigation is consided
   * finished.
   * @returns a promise that resolves when the frame navigates to a new URL.
   */
  async waitForNavigation(
    options: {
      timeout?: number;
      waitUntil?: PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent | PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent[];
    } = {}
  ): Promise<HTTPResponse | null> {
    const {
      waitUntil = ['load'],
      timeout = this._frameManager.timeoutSettings.navigationTimeout(),
    } = options;
    const watcher = new LifecycleWatcher(
      this._frameManager,
      this,
      waitUntil,
      timeout
    );
    const error = await Promise.race([
      watcher.timeoutOrTerminationPromise(),
      watcher.sameDocumentNavigationPromise(),
      watcher.newDocumentNavigationPromise(),
    ]);
    log('LIFECYCLE WATCHER RESOLVED');
    try {
      if (error) {
        throw error;
      }
      log('LIFECYCLE WATCHER wait for navigationResponse');
      return await watcher.navigationResponse();
    } finally {
      log('LIFECYCLE WATCHER DISPOSED');
      watcher.dispose();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _client(): CDPSession {
    return this.#client;
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  executionContext(): Promise<ExecutionContext> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].executionContext();
  }

  /**
   * Behaves identically to {@link Page.evaluateHandle} except it's run within
   * the context of this frame.
   *
   * @see {@link Page.evaluateHandle} for details.
   */
  async evaluateHandle<
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<Params> = EvaluateFunc<Params>
  >(
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<HandleFor<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].evaluateHandle(pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Behaves identically to {@link Page.evaluate} except it's run within the
   * the context of this frame.
   *
   * @see {@link Page.evaluate} for details.
   */
  async evaluate<
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<Params> = EvaluateFunc<Params>
  >(
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].evaluate(pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Queries the frame for an element matching the given selector.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @returns A {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the first element
   * matching the given selector. Otherwise, `null`.
   */
  async $<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>> | null> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].$(selector);
  }

  /**
   * Queries the frame for all elements matching the given selector.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @returns An array of {@link ElementHandle | element handles} that point to
   * elements matching the given selector.
   */
  async $$<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector
  ): Promise<Array<ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].$$(selector);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the given function on the first element matching the given selector in
   * the frame.
   *
   * If the given function returns a promise, then this method will wait till
   * the promise resolves.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const searchValue = await frame.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @param pageFunction - The function to be evaluated in the frame's context.
   * The first element matching the selector will be passed to the function as
   * its first argument.
   * @param args - Additional arguments to pass to `pageFunction`.
   * @returns A promise to the result of the function.
   */
  async $eval<
    Selector extends string,
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<
      [ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>>, ...Params]
    > = EvaluateFunc<[ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>>, ...Params]>
  >(
    selector: Selector,
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].$eval(selector, pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the given function on an array of elements matching the given selector
   * in the frame.
   *
   * If the given function returns a promise, then this method will wait till
   * the promise resolves.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```js
   * const divsCounts = await frame.$$eval('div', divs => divs.length);
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @param pageFunction - The function to be evaluated in the frame's context.
   * An array of elements matching the given selector will be passed to the
   * function as its first argument.
   * @param args - Additional arguments to pass to `pageFunction`.
   * @returns A promise to the result of the function.
   */
  async $$eval<
    Selector extends string,
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<
      [Array<NodeFor<Selector>>, ...Params]
    > = EvaluateFunc<[Array<NodeFor<Selector>>, ...Params]>
  >(
    selector: Selector,
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].$$eval(selector, pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * @deprecated Use {@link Frame.$$} with the `xpath` prefix.
   *
   * Example: `await frame.$$('xpath/' + xpathExpression)`
   *
   * This method evaluates the given XPath expression and returns the results.
   * If `xpath` starts with `//` instead of `.//`, the dot will be appended
   * automatically.
   * @param expression - the XPath expression to evaluate.
   */
  async $x(expression: string): Promise<Array<ElementHandle<Node>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].$x(expression);
  }

  /**
   * Waits for an element matching the given selector to appear in the frame.
   *
   * This method works across navigations.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
   *
   * (async () => {
   *   const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
   *   const page = await browser.newPage();
   *   let currentURL;
   *   page
   *     .mainFrame()
   *     .waitForSelector('img')
   *     .then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
   *
   *   for (currentURL of [
   *     'https://example.com',
   *     'https://google.com',
   *     'https://bbc.com',
   *   ]) {
   *     await page.goto(currentURL);
   *   }
   *   await browser.close();
   * })();
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query and wait for.
   * @param options - Options for customizing waiting behavior.
   * @returns An element matching the given selector.
   * @throws Throws if an element matching the given selector doesn't appear.
   */
  async waitForSelector<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector,
    options: WaitForSelectorOptions = {}
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>> | null> {
    const {updatedSelector, queryHandler} =
      getQueryHandlerAndSelector(selector);
    assert(queryHandler.waitFor, 'Query handler does not support waiting');
    return (await queryHandler.waitFor(
      this,
      updatedSelector,
      options
    )) as ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>> | null;
  }

  /**
   * @deprecated Use {@link Frame.waitForSelector} with the `xpath` prefix.
   *
   * Example: `await frame.waitForSelector('xpath/' + xpathExpression)`
   *
   * The method evaluates the XPath expression relative to the Frame.
   * If `xpath` starts with `//` instead of `.//`, the dot will be appended
   * automatically.
   *
   * Wait for the `xpath` to appear in page. If at the moment of calling the
   * method the `xpath` already exists, the method will return immediately. If
   * the xpath doesn't appear after the `timeout` milliseconds of waiting, the
   * function will throw.
   *
   * For a code example, see the example for {@link Frame.waitForSelector}. That
   * function behaves identically other than taking a CSS selector rather than
   * an XPath.
   *
   * @param xpath - the XPath expression to wait for.
   * @param options - options to configure the visiblity of the element and how
   * long to wait before timing out.
   */
  async waitForXPath(
    xpath: string,
    options: WaitForSelectorOptions = {}
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<Node> | null> {
    if (xpath.startsWith('//')) {
      xpath = `.${xpath}`;
    }
    return this.waitForSelector(`xpath/${xpath}`, options);
  }

  /**
   * @example
   * The `waitForFunction` can be used to observe viewport size change:
   *
   * ```ts
   * const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
   *
   * (async () => {
   * .  const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
   * .  const page = await browser.newPage();
   * .  const watchDog = page.mainFrame().waitForFunction('window.innerWidth < 100');
   * .  page.setViewport({width: 50, height: 50});
   * .  await watchDog;
   * .  await browser.close();
   * })();
   * ```
   *
   * To pass arguments from Node.js to the predicate of `page.waitForFunction` function:
   *
   * ```ts
   * const selector = '.foo';
   * await frame.waitForFunction(
   *   selector => !!document.querySelector(selector),
   *   {}, // empty options object
   *   selector
   * );
   * ```
   *
   * @param pageFunction - the function to evaluate in the frame context.
   * @param options - options to configure the polling method and timeout.
   * @param args - arguments to pass to the `pageFunction`.
   * @returns the promise which resolve when the `pageFunction` returns a truthy value.
   */
  waitForFunction<
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<Params> = EvaluateFunc<Params>
  >(
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    options: FrameWaitForFunctionOptions = {},
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<HandleFor<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>>> {
    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].waitForFunction(
      pageFunction,
      options,
      ...args
    ) as Promise<HandleFor<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>>>;
  }

  /**
   * @returns The full HTML contents of the frame, including the DOCTYPE.
   */
  async content(): Promise<string> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].content();
  }

  /**
   * Set the content of the frame.
   *
   * @param html - HTML markup to assign to the page.
   * @param options - Options to configure how long before timing out and at
   * what point to consider the content setting successful.
   */
  async setContent(
    html: string,
    options: {
      timeout?: number;
      waitUntil?: PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent | PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent[];
    } = {}
  ): Promise<void> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].setContent(html, options);
  }

  /**
   * @returns The frame's `name` attribute as specified in the tag.
   *
   * @remarks
   * If the name is empty, it returns the `id` attribute instead.
   *
   * @remarks
   * This value is calculated once when the frame is created, and will not
   * update if the attribute is changed later.
   */
  name(): string {
    return this._name || '';
  }

  /**
   * @returns The frame's URL.
   */
  url(): string {
    return this.#url;
  }

  /**
   * @returns The parent frame, if any. Detached and main frames return `null`.
   */
  parentFrame(): Frame | null {
    return this._frameManager._frameTree.parentFrame(this._id) || null;
  }

  /**
   * @returns An array of child frames.
   */
  childFrames(): Frame[] {
    return this._frameManager._frameTree.childFrames(this._id);
  }

  /**
   * @returns `true` if the frame has been detached. Otherwise, `false`.
   */
  isDetached(): boolean {
    return this.#detached;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a `<script>` tag into the page with the desired url or content.
   *
   * @param options - Options for the script.
   * @returns An {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the injected
   * `<script>` element.
   */
  async addScriptTag(
    options: FrameAddScriptTagOptions
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLScriptElement>> {
    let {content = '', type} = options;
    const {path} = options;
    if (+!!options.url + +!!path + +!!content !== 1) {
      throw new Error(
        'Exactly one of `url`, `path`, or `content` must be specified.'
      );
    }

    if (path) {
      let fs;
      try {
        fs = (await import('fs')).promises;
      } catch (error) {
        if (error instanceof TypeError) {
          throw new Error(
            'Can only pass a file path in a Node-like environment.'
          );
        }
        throw error;
      }
      content = await fs.readFile(path, 'utf8');
      content += `//# sourceURL=${path.replace(/\n/g, '')}`;
    }

    type = type ?? 'text/javascript';

    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].transferHandle(
      await this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].evaluateHandle(
        async ({createDeferredPromise}, {url, id, type, content}) => {
          const promise = createDeferredPromise<void>();
          const script = document.createElement('script');
          script.type = type;
          script.text = content;
          if (url) {
            script.src = url;
            script.addEventListener(
              'load',
              () => {
                return promise.resolve();
              },
              {once: true}
            );
            script.addEventListener(
              'error',
              event => {
                promise.reject(
                  new Error(event.message ?? 'Could not load script')
                );
              },
              {once: true}
            );
          } else {
            promise.resolve();
          }
          if (id) {
            script.id = id;
          }
          document.head.appendChild(script);
          await promise;
          return script;
        },
        await this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].puppeteerUtil,
        {...options, type, content}
      )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Adds a `<link rel="stylesheet">` tag into the page with the desired URL or
   * a `<style type="text/css">` tag with the content.
   *
   * @returns An {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the loaded `<link>`
   * or `<style>` element.
   */
  async addStyleTag(
    options: Omit<FrameAddStyleTagOptions, 'url'>
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLStyleElement>>;
  async addStyleTag(
    options: FrameAddStyleTagOptions
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLLinkElement>>;
  async addStyleTag(
    options: FrameAddStyleTagOptions
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLStyleElement | HTMLLinkElement>> {
    let {content = ''} = options;
    const {path} = options;
    if (+!!options.url + +!!path + +!!content !== 1) {
      throw new Error(
        'Exactly one of `url`, `path`, or `content` must be specified.'
      );
    }

    if (path) {
      let fs: typeof import('fs').promises;
      try {
        fs = (await importFS()).promises;
      } catch (error) {
        if (error instanceof TypeError) {
          throw new Error(
            'Can only pass a file path in a Node-like environment.'
          );
        }
        throw error;
      }

      content = await fs.readFile(path, 'utf8');
      content += '/*# sourceURL=' + path.replace(/\n/g, '') + '*/';
      options.content = content;
    }

    return this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD].transferHandle(
      await this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].evaluateHandle(
        async ({createDeferredPromise}, {url, content}) => {
          const promise = createDeferredPromise<void>();
          let element: HTMLStyleElement | HTMLLinkElement;
          if (!url) {
            element = document.createElement('style');
            element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(content!));
          } else {
            const link = document.createElement('link');
            link.rel = 'stylesheet';
            link.href = url;
            element = link;
          }
          element.addEventListener(
            'load',
            () => {
              promise.resolve();
            },
            {once: true}
          );
          element.addEventListener(
            'error',
            event => {
              promise.reject(
                new Error(
                  (event as ErrorEvent).message ?? 'Could not load style'
                )
              );
            },
            {once: true}
          );
          document.head.appendChild(element);
          await promise;
          return element;
        },
        await this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].puppeteerUtil,
        options
      )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Clicks the first element found that matches `selector`.
   *
   * @remarks
   * If `click()` triggers a navigation event and there's a separate
   * `page.waitForNavigation()` promise to be resolved, you may end up with a
   * race condition that yields unexpected results. The correct pattern for
   * click and wait for navigation is the following:
   *
   * ```ts
   * const [response] = await Promise.all([
   *   page.waitForNavigation(waitOptions),
   *   frame.click(selector, clickOptions),
   * ]);
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   */
  async click(
    selector: string,
    options: {
      delay?: number;
      button?: MouseButton;
      clickCount?: number;
    } = {}
  ): Promise<void> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].click(selector, options);
  }

  /**
   * Focuses the first element that matches the `selector`.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @throws Throws if there's no element matching `selector`.
   */
  async focus(selector: string): Promise<void> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].focus(selector);
  }

  /**
   * Hovers the pointer over the center of the first element that matches the
   * `selector`.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @throws Throws if there's no element matching `selector`.
   */
  async hover(selector: string): Promise<void> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].hover(selector);
  }

  /**
   * Selects a set of value on the first `<select>` element that matches the
   * `selector`.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * frame.select('select#colors', 'blue'); // single selection
   * frame.select('select#colors', 'red', 'green', 'blue'); // multiple selections
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @param values - The array of values to select. If the `<select>` has the
   * `multiple` attribute, all values are considered, otherwise only the first
   * one is taken into account.
   * @returns the list of values that were successfully selected.
   * @throws Throws if there's no `<select>` matching `selector`.
   */
  select(selector: string, ...values: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].select(selector, ...values);
  }

  /**
   * Taps the first element that matches the `selector`.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @throws Throws if there's no element matching `selector`.
   */
  async tap(selector: string): Promise<void> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].tap(selector);
  }

  /**
   * Sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character
   * in the text.
   *
   * @remarks
   * To press a special key, like `Control` or `ArrowDown`, use
   * {@link Keyboard.press}.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'Hello'); // Types instantly
   * await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - the selector for the element to type into. If there are
   * multiple the first will be used.
   * @param text - text to type into the element
   * @param options - takes one option, `delay`, which sets the time to wait
   * between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to `0`.
   */
  async type(
    selector: string,
    text: string,
    options?: {delay: number}
  ): Promise<void> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].type(selector, text, options);
  }

  /**
   * @deprecated Replace with `new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, milliseconds));`.
   *
   * Causes your script to wait for the given number of milliseconds.
   *
   * @remarks
   * It's generally recommended to not wait for a number of seconds, but instead
   * use {@link Frame.waitForSelector}, {@link Frame.waitForXPath} or
   * {@link Frame.waitForFunction} to wait for exactly the conditions you want.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * Wait for 1 second:
   *
   * ```ts
   * await frame.waitForTimeout(1000);
   * ```
   *
   * @param milliseconds - the number of milliseconds to wait.
   */
  waitForTimeout(milliseconds: number): Promise<void> {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(resolve, milliseconds);
    });
  }

  /**
   * @returns the frame's title.
   */
  async title(): Promise<string> {
    return this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD].title();
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _navigated(framePayload: Protocol.Page.Frame): void {
    this._name = framePayload.name;
    this.#url = `${framePayload.url}${framePayload.urlFragment || ''}`;
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _navigatedWithinDocument(url: string): void {
    this.#url = url;
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _onLifecycleEvent(loaderId: string, name: string): void {
    if (name === 'init') {
      this._loaderId = loaderId;
      this._lifecycleEvents.clear();
    }
    this._lifecycleEvents.add(name);
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _onLoadingStopped(): void {
    this._lifecycleEvents.add('DOMContentLoaded');
    this._lifecycleEvents.add('load');
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _onLoadingStarted(): void {
    this._hasStartedLoading = true;
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _detach(): void {
    this.#detached = true;
    this.worlds[MAIN_WORLD]._detach();
    this.worlds[PUPPETEER_WORLD]._detach();
  }
}