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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc">
<meta name="author" content="Felix Klock (@pnkfelix)" />
<meta name="author" content="February 2016" />
<title>Hack Without Fear (with Rust)</title>
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</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1 class="title">Hack Without Fear (with Rust)</h1>
<h2 class="author">Felix Klock (<code>@pnkfelix</code>)</h2>
<h2 class="author">February 2016</h2>
<h3 class="date">FYI: Slides form <em>2D space</em>: <kbd class="key">␠</kbd> goes to next slide; <kbd class="key">←</kbd> <kbd class="key">↑</kbd> <kbd class="key">→</kbd> <kbd class="key">↓</kbd> navigate; <kbd class="key">␛</kbd> gives overview.</h3>
</section>
<section><section id="hack-without-fear" class="titleslide slide level1 center"><h1>Hack Without Fear</h1></section><section id="section" class="slide level2 center equation">
<h1></h1>
<p>An "Equation"</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">Abstraction without overhead</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">Memory safety without GC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">+</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">Concurrency without data races</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;">=</td>
<td style="text-align: left;">Hack without Fear</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="fragment">
<p>What is meant by "Abstraction", "Memory Safety", "Concurrency"?</p>
</div>
</section><section id="high-level-coding-..." class="slide level2">
<h1>High-level coding ...</h1>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode rust"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span class="co">/// sums all positive values in `v`</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> sum_pos(v: &[<span class="dt">i32</span>]) -> <span class="dt">i32</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw">mut</span> sum = <span class="dv">0</span>;
<span class="kw">for</span> i <span class="kw">in</span> v.iter().filter(|i| **i > <span class="dv">0</span>) {
sum += *i;
}
sum
}</code></pre></div>
<!-- NOTE: Above is *not* the actual source for playpen
link. See a01_abstraction_source.md for that. -->
<p><a href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=%23%5Binline%28never%29%5D%0A%2F%2F%2F%20sums%20all%20positive%20values%20in%20%60v%60%0Afn%20sum_pos%28v%3A%20%26%5Bi32%5D%29%20-%3E%20i32%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20let%20mut%20sum%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20v.iter%28%29.filter%28%7Ci%7C%20**i%20%3E%200%29%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20sum%20%2B%3D%20*i%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20sum%0A%7D%0A%0Afn%20main%28%29%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20println%21%28%22sum%3A%20%7B%7D%22%2C%20sum_pos%28%26%5B-13%2C%2010%2C%2020%2C%2030%2C%2040%5D%29%29%0A%7D&version=nightly">sum_pos</a></p>
</section><section id="with-low-level-performance" class="slide level2">
<h1>... with low-level performance</h1>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode nasm"><code class="sourceCode nasm"> xorl <span class="ot">%eax, %eax</span>
leaq ref4197(<span class="ot">%rip), %rcx</span>
leaq ref4197<span class="dv">+20</span>(<span class="ot">%rip), %rdx</span>
<span class="kw">jmp</span> .LBB0_1
<span class="fu">.LBB0_3:</span>
addl <span class="ot">%esi, %eax</span>
.<span class="kw">align</span> <span class="dv">16</span><span class="bn">, 0x90</span>
<span class="fu">.LBB0_1:</span>
cmpq <span class="ot">%rcx, %rdx</span>
<span class="kw">je</span> .LBB0_4
movl (<span class="ot">%rcx), %esi</span>
addq<span class="bn"> $4, </span><span class="ot">%rcx</span>
testl <span class="ot">%esi, %esi</span>
<span class="kw">jle</span> .LBB0_1
<span class="kw">jmp</span> .LBB0_3
<span class="fu">.LBB0_4:</span>
retq</code></pre></div>
<!--
```rust
#[inline(never)]
/// sums all positive values in `v`
fn sum_pos(v: &[i32]) -> i32 {
let mut sum = 0;
for i in v.iter().filter(|i| **i > 0) {
sum += *i;
}
sum
}
fn main() {
println!("sum: {}", sum_pos(&[-13, 10, 20, 30, 40]))
}
```
-->
<!--
HACK: commenting out code block but it will still get rendered into link below.
(The code is presented and linked in a01_abstraction.md.)
Further more, the code block will still get converted into
actual Rust code in the current module by `tango`, so
that is why this is in a file distinct from
a01_abstraction.md.
-->
</section><section id="memory-safety" class="slide level2">
<h1>Memory Safety</h1>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode rust compile_error"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span class="kw">fn</span> this_wont_compile(v: &<span class="kw">mut</span> <span class="dt">Vec</span><<span class="dt">i32</span>>) -> <span class="dt">i32</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw">mut</span> sum = <span class="dv">0</span>;
<span class="kw">for</span> &i <span class="kw">in</span> v.iter() {
sum += i;
<span class="kw">if</span> i > <span class="dv">0</span> { v.push(<span class="dv">0</span>); }
}
<span class="kw">return</span> sum;
}</code></pre></div>
<p>(<a href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=fn%20this_wont_compile%28v%3A%20%26mut%20Vec%3Ci32%3E%29%20-%3E%20i32%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20let%20mut%20sum%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20for%20%26i%20in%20v.iter%28%29%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20sum%20%2B%3D%20i%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20i%20%3E%200%20%7B%20v.push%280%29%3B%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20return%20sum%3B%0A%7D%0A%0Afn%20main%28%29%20%7B%7D&version=nightly">playpen</a>)</p>
<!--
```rust
fn this_wont_compile(v: &mut Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
let mut sum = 0;
for &i in v.iter() {
sum += i;
if i > 0 { v.push(0); }
}
return sum;
}
fn main() {}
```
-->
<pre class="fragment"><code><anon>:5:20: 5:21 error: cannot borrow `*v` as mutable because it is
also borrowed as immutable [E0502]
<anon>:5 if i > 0 { v.push(0); }
^~
<anon>:3:15: 3:16 note: previous borrow of `*v` occurs here; the
immutable borrow prevents subsequent moves or
mutable borrows of `*v` until the borrow ends
<anon>:3 for &i in v.iter() {
^~</code></pre>
</section><section id="parallel-and-safe" class="slide level2" data-transition="fade-out">
<h1>Parallel <span style="visibility: hidden">and Safe</span></h1>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode rust"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span class="kw">fn</span> parallel_qsort(<span class="kw">mut</span> vec: &<span class="kw">mut</span> [<span class="dt">i32</span>]) {
<span class="kw">use</span> {rayon, rand};
<span class="kw">if</span> vec.len() <= <span class="dv">1</span> { <span class="kw">return</span>; }
<span class="kw">let</span> pivot = rand::random::<<span class="dt">usize</span>>() % vec.len();
<span class="kw">let</span> mid = vec.partition(pivot);
<span class="kw">let</span> (less, greater) = vec.split_at_mut(mid);
rayon::join(|| parallel_qsort(less),
|| parallel_qsort(greater)
);
}</code></pre></div>
<p>(Shout out to <a href="https://crates.io/crates/rayon/">Rayon</a>.)</p>
<!--
```rust
trait Partition { fn partition(&mut self, at_idx: usize) -> usize; }
impl<'a, X> Partition for &'a mut [X] where X: Ord {
fn partition(&mut self, at_idx: usize) -> usize {
self.swap(0, at_idx);
let (mut i, mut j) = (1, self.len() - 1);
while i < j {
if self[i] < self[0] {
i += 1;
continue;
}
if self[j] > self[0] {
j -= 1;
continue;
}
// at this point, self[i] >= pivot and self[j] <= pivot.
self.swap(i, j);
i += 1;
j -= 1;
}
self.swap(0, i);
return i;
}
}
```
-->
</section><section id="parallel-and-safe-1" class="slide level2" data-transition="fade">
<h1>Parallel and Safe</h1>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode rust compile_error"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span class="kw">fn</span> parallel_qsort(<span class="kw">mut</span> vec: &<span class="kw">mut</span> [<span class="dt">i32</span>]) {
<span class="kw">use</span> {rayon, rand};
<span class="kw">if</span> vec.len() <= <span class="dv">1</span> { <span class="kw">return</span>; }
<span class="kw">let</span> pivot = rand::random::<<span class="dt">usize</span>>() % vec.len();
<span class="kw">let</span> mid = vec.partition(pivot);
<span class="kw">let</span> (less, greater) = vec.split_at_mut(mid);
rayon::join(|| parallel_qsort(less),
|| parallel_qsort(less)
);
}</code></pre></div>
</section><section id="parallel-and-safe-2" class="slide level2" data-transition="fade">
<h1>Parallel and Safe</h1>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode rust compile_error"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span class="kw">fn</span> parallel_qsort(<span class="kw">mut</span> vec: &<span class="kw">mut</span> [<span class="dt">i32</span>]) {
<span class="kw">use</span> {rayon, rand};
<span class="kw">if</span> vec.len() <= <span class="dv">1</span> { <span class="kw">return</span>; }
<span class="kw">let</span> pivot = rand::random::<<span class="dt">usize</span>>() % vec.len();
<span class="kw">let</span> mid = vec.partition(pivot);
<span class="kw">let</span> (less, greater) = vec.split_at_mut(mid);
rayon::join(|| parallel_qsort(less),
|| parallel_qsort(less) <span class="co">// <- BUG: DATA RACE</span>
);
}</code></pre></div>
<pre><code>code.rs:71:17: 71:40 error: closure requires unique access to `less`
but it is already borrowed [E0500]
code.rs:71 || parallel_qsort(less) // <- BUG: DATA RACE
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
code.rs:71:35: 71:39 note: borrow occurs due to use of `less`
in closure
code.rs:71 || parallel_qsort(less) // <- BUG: DATA RACE
^~~~
code.rs:70:17: 70:40 note: previous borrow of `less` occurs here due
to use in closure; the unique capture
prevents subsequent moves or borrows of
`less` until the borrow ends
code.rs:70 rayon::join(|| parallel_qsort(less),
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</code></pre>
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