diff --git a/conf/bleedingEdge.neon b/conf/bleedingEdge.neon
index cde18d2a32..d0bd30b478 100644
--- a/conf/bleedingEdge.neon
+++ b/conf/bleedingEdge.neon
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ parameters:
 		skipCheckGenericClasses: []
 		explicitMixedInUnknownGenericNew: true
 		arrayFilter: true
+		arrayUnpacking: true
 	stubFiles:
 		- ../stubs/bleedingEdge/Countable.stub
diff --git a/conf/config.level3.neon b/conf/config.level3.neon
index 51450cddef..d0f8e774e6 100644
--- a/conf/config.level3.neon
+++ b/conf/config.level3.neon
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 includes:
 	- config.level2.neon
 
+conditionalTags:
+	PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\ArrayUnpackingRule:
+		phpstan.rules.rule: %featureToggles.arrayUnpacking%
+
 rules:
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\ArrayDestructuringRule
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\IterableInForeachRule
@@ -74,3 +78,6 @@ services:
 			reportMaybes: %reportMaybes%
 		tags:
 			- phpstan.rules.rule
+
+	-
+		class: PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\ArrayUnpackingRule
diff --git a/conf/config.neon b/conf/config.neon
index 2ce812ccfd..bbafd84855 100644
--- a/conf/config.neon
+++ b/conf/config.neon
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ parameters:
 			- RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator
 		explicitMixedInUnknownGenericNew: false
 		arrayFilter: false
+		arrayUnpacking: false
 	fileExtensions:
 		- php
 	checkAdvancedIsset: false
@@ -207,6 +208,7 @@ parametersSchema:
 		skipCheckGenericClasses: listOf(string()),
 		explicitMixedInUnknownGenericNew: bool(),
 		arrayFilter: bool(),
+		arrayUnpacking: bool(),
 	])
 	fileExtensions: listOf(string())
 	checkAdvancedIsset: bool()
diff --git a/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php b/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php
index 7695725ed2..887cc838b0 100644
--- a/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php
+++ b/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 use PhpParser\NodeFinder;
 use PhpParser\PrettyPrinter\Standard;
 use PHPStan\Node\ExecutionEndNode;
+use PHPStan\Node\Expr\GetIterableKeyTypeExpr;
 use PHPStan\Node\Expr\GetIterableValueTypeExpr;
 use PHPStan\Node\Expr\GetOffsetValueTypeExpr;
 use PHPStan\Node\Expr\OriginalPropertyTypeExpr;
@@ -544,6 +545,9 @@ public function getAnonymousFunctionReturnType(): ?Type
 	/** @api */
 	public function getType(Expr $node): Type
 	{
+		if ($node instanceof GetIterableKeyTypeExpr) {
+			return $this->getType($node->getExpr())->getIterableKeyType();
+		}
 		if ($node instanceof GetIterableValueTypeExpr) {
 			return $this->getType($node->getExpr())->getIterableValueType();
 		}
diff --git a/src/Node/Expr/GetIterableKeyTypeExpr.php b/src/Node/Expr/GetIterableKeyTypeExpr.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f0f9f7091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Node/Expr/GetIterableKeyTypeExpr.php
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Node\Expr;
+
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr;
+use PHPStan\Node\VirtualNode;
+
+class GetIterableKeyTypeExpr extends Expr implements VirtualNode
+{
+
+	public function __construct(private Expr $expr)
+	{
+		parent::__construct($expr->getAttributes());
+	}
+
+	public function getExpr(): Expr
+	{
+		return $this->expr;
+	}
+
+	public function getType(): string
+	{
+		return 'PHPStan_Node_GetIterableKeyTypeExpr';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string[]
+	 */
+	public function getSubNodeNames(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/src/Rules/Arrays/ArrayUnpackingRule.php b/src/Rules/Arrays/ArrayUnpackingRule.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7888da7547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Rules/Arrays/ArrayUnpackingRule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Rules\Arrays;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\ArrayItem;
+use PHPStan\Analyser\Scope;
+use PHPStan\Node\Expr\GetIterableKeyTypeExpr;
+use PHPStan\Php\PhpVersion;
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleErrorBuilder;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleLevelHelper;
+use PHPStan\Type\ErrorType;
+use PHPStan\Type\StringType;
+use PHPStan\Type\Type;
+use PHPStan\Type\VerbosityLevel;
+use function sprintf;
+
+/**
+ * @implements Rule<ArrayItem>
+ */
+class ArrayUnpackingRule implements Rule
+{
+
+	public function __construct(private PhpVersion $phpVersion, private RuleLevelHelper $ruleLevelHelper)
+	{
+	}
+
+	public function getNodeType(): string
+	{
+		return ArrayItem::class;
+	}
+
+	public function processNode(Node $node, Scope $scope): array
+	{
+		if ($node->unpack === false || $this->phpVersion->supportsArrayUnpackingWithStringKeys()) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		$stringType = new StringType();
+		$typeResult = $this->ruleLevelHelper->findTypeToCheck(
+			$scope,
+			new GetIterableKeyTypeExpr($node->value),
+			'',
+			static fn (Type $type): bool => $stringType->isSuperTypeOf($type)->no(),
+		);
+
+		$keyType = $typeResult->getType();
+		if ($keyType instanceof ErrorType) {
+			return $typeResult->getUnknownClassErrors();
+		}
+
+		$isString = $stringType->isSuperTypeOf($keyType);
+		if ($isString->no()) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		return [
+			RuleErrorBuilder::message(sprintf(
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with %sstring keys: %s',
+				$isString->yes() ? '' : 'potential ',
+				$scope->getType($node->value)->describe(VerbosityLevel::value()),
+			))->build(),
+		];
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Arrays/ArrayUnpackingRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Arrays/ArrayUnpackingRuleTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dfc9ff2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Arrays/ArrayUnpackingRuleTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Rules\Arrays;
+
+use PHPStan\Php\PhpVersion;
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleLevelHelper;
+use PHPStan\Testing\RuleTestCase;
+use const PHP_VERSION_ID;
+
+/**
+ * @extends RuleTestCase<ArrayUnpackingRule>
+ */
+class ArrayUnpackingRuleTest extends RuleTestCase
+{
+
+	private bool $checkUnions;
+
+	protected function getRule(): Rule
+	{
+		return new ArrayUnpackingRule(
+			self::getContainer()->getByType(PhpVersion::class),
+			new RuleLevelHelper($this->createReflectionProvider(), true, false, $this->checkUnions, false),
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function testRule(): void
+	{
+		if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80100) {
+			$this->markTestSkipped('Test requires PHP version <= 8.0');
+		}
+
+		$this->checkUnions = true;
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/array-unpacking.php'], [
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with potential string keys: array{foo: \'bar\', 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3}',
+				7,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with string keys: array<string, string>',
+				18,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with potential string keys: array<string>',
+				24,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with potential string keys: array',
+				29,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with potential string keys: array<int|string, string>',
+				40,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with potential string keys: array<int|string, string>',
+				52,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with string keys: array{foo: string, bar: int}',
+				63,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
+	public function testRuleDoNotCheckUnions(): void
+	{
+		if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80100) {
+			$this->markTestSkipped('Test requires PHP version <= 8.0');
+		}
+
+		$this->checkUnions = false;
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/array-unpacking.php'], [
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with string keys: array<string, string>',
+				18,
+			],
+			[
+				'Array unpacking cannot be used on an array with string keys: array{foo: string, bar: int}',
+				63,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
+	public function testRuleOnPHP81(): void
+	{
+		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
+			$this->markTestSkipped('Test requires PHP 8.1+');
+		}
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/array-unpacking.php'], []);
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Arrays/data/array-unpacking.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Arrays/data/array-unpacking.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e1afcf9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Arrays/data/array-unpacking.php
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php // lint >= 7.4
+
+namespace ArrayUnpacking;
+
+$foo = ['foo' => 'bar', 1, 2, 3];
+
+$bar = [...$foo];
+
+/** @param array<int, string> $bar */
+function intKeyedArray(array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [...$bar];
+}
+
+/** @param array<string, string> $bar */
+function stringKeyedArray(array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [...$bar];
+}
+
+/** @param array<array-key, string> $bar */
+function unionKeyedArray(array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [...$bar];
+}
+
+function mixedKeyedArray(array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [...$bar];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param array<mixed, string> $foo
+ * @param array<int, string> $bar
+ */
+function multipleUnpacking(array $foo, array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [
+		...$bar,
+		...$foo,
+	];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param array<mixed, string> $foo
+ * @param array<string, string> $bar
+ */
+function foo(array $foo, array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [
+		$bar,
+		...$foo
+	];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param array{foo: string, bar:int} $foo
+ * @param array{1, 2, 3, 4} $bar
+ */
+function unpackingArrayShapes(array $foo, array $bar)
+{
+	$baz = [
+		...$foo,
+		...$bar,
+	];
+}