__init__.py

import getpass
import hashlib
import json
import mimetypes
import os
import pkgutil
import re
import sys
import time
import typing as t
import uuid
from itertools import chain
from os.path import basename
from os.path import join

from .._internal import _log
from ..http import parse_cookie
from ..security import gen_salt
from ..wrappers.request import Request
from ..wrappers.response import Response
from .console import Console
from .tbtools import Frame
from .tbtools import get_current_traceback
from .tbtools import render_console_html
from .tbtools import Traceback

if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment

# A week
PIN_TIME = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7


def hash_pin(pin: str) -> str:
    return hashlib.sha1(f"{pin} added salt".encode("utf-8", "replace")).hexdigest()[:12]


_machine_id: t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes]] = None


def get_machine_id() -> t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes]]:
    global _machine_id

    if _machine_id is not None:
        return _machine_id

    def _generate() -> t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes]]:
        linux = b""

        # machine-id is stable across boots, boot_id is not.
        for filename in "/etc/machine-id", "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id":
            try:
                with open(filename, "rb") as f:
                    value = f.readline().strip()
            except OSError:
                continue

            if value:
                linux += value
                break

        # Containers share the same machine id, add some cgroup
        # information. This is used outside containers too but should be
        # relatively stable across boots.
        try:
            with open("/proc/self/cgroup", "rb") as f:
                linux += f.readline().strip().rpartition(b"/")[2]
        except OSError:
            pass

        if linux:
            return linux

        # On OS X, use ioreg to get the computer's serial number.
        try:
            # subprocess may not be available, e.g. Google App Engine
            # https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/issues/925
            from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

            dump = Popen(
                ["ioreg", "-c", "IOPlatformExpertDevice", "-d", "2"], stdout=PIPE
            ).communicate()[0]
            match = re.search(b'"serial-number" = <([^>]+)', dump)

            if match is not None:
                return match.group(1)
        except (OSError, ImportError):
            pass

        # On Windows, use winreg to get the machine guid.
        try:
            import winreg
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            try:
                with winreg.OpenKey(
                    winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
                    "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography",
                    0,
                    winreg.KEY_READ | winreg.KEY_WOW64_64KEY,
                ) as rk:
                    guid: t.Union[str, bytes]
                    guid_type: int
                    guid, guid_type = winreg.QueryValueEx(rk, "MachineGuid")

                    if guid_type == winreg.REG_SZ:
                        return guid.encode("utf-8")  # type: ignore

                    return guid
            except OSError:
                pass

        return None

    _machine_id = _generate()
    return _machine_id


class _ConsoleFrame:
    """Helper class so that we can reuse the frame console code for the
    standalone console.
    """

    def __init__(self, namespace: t.Dict[str, t.Any]):
        self.console = Console(namespace)
        self.id = 0


def get_pin_and_cookie_name(
    app: "WSGIApplication",
) -> t.Union[t.Tuple[str, str], t.Tuple[None, None]]:
    """Given an application object this returns a semi-stable 9 digit pin
    code and a random key.  The hope is that this is stable between
    restarts to not make debugging particularly frustrating.  If the pin
    was forcefully disabled this returns `None`.

    Second item in the resulting tuple is the cookie name for remembering.
    """
    pin = os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_DEBUG_PIN")
    rv = None
    num = None

    # Pin was explicitly disabled
    if pin == "off":
        return None, None

    # Pin was provided explicitly
    if pin is not None and pin.replace("-", "").isdigit():
        # If there are separators in the pin, return it directly
        if "-" in pin:
            rv = pin
        else:
            num = pin

    modname = getattr(app, "__module__", t.cast(object, app).__class__.__module__)
    username: t.Optional[str]

    try:
        # getuser imports the pwd module, which does not exist in Google
        # App Engine. It may also raise a KeyError if the UID does not
        # have a username, such as in Docker.
        username = getpass.getuser()
    except (ImportError, KeyError):
        username = None

    mod = sys.modules.get(modname)

    # This information only exists to make the cookie unique on the
    # computer, not as a security feature.
    probably_public_bits = [
        username,
        modname,
        getattr(app, "__name__", type(app).__name__),
        getattr(mod, "__file__", None),
    ]

    # This information is here to make it harder for an attacker to
    # guess the cookie name.  They are unlikely to be contained anywhere
    # within the unauthenticated debug page.
    private_bits = [str(uuid.getnode()), get_machine_id()]

    h = hashlib.sha1()
    for bit in chain(probably_public_bits, private_bits):
        if not bit:
            continue
        if isinstance(bit, str):
            bit = bit.encode("utf-8")
        h.update(bit)
    h.update(b"cookiesalt")

    cookie_name = f"__wzd{h.hexdigest()[:20]}"

    # If we need to generate a pin we salt it a bit more so that we don't
    # end up with the same value and generate out 9 digits
    if num is None:
        h.update(b"pinsalt")
        num = f"{int(h.hexdigest(), 16):09d}"[:9]

    # Format the pincode in groups of digits for easier remembering if
    # we don't have a result yet.
    if rv is None:
        for group_size in 5, 4, 3:
            if len(num) % group_size == 0:
                rv = "-".join(
                    num[x : x + group_size].rjust(group_size, "0")
                    for x in range(0, len(num), group_size)
                )
                break
        else:
            rv = num

    return rv, cookie_name


class DebuggedApplication:
    """Enables debugging support for a given application::

        from werkzeug.debug import DebuggedApplication
        from myapp import app
        app = DebuggedApplication(app, evalex=True)

    The `evalex` keyword argument allows evaluating expressions in a
    traceback's frame context.

    :param app: the WSGI application to run debugged.
    :param evalex: enable exception evaluation feature (interactive
                   debugging).  This requires a non-forking server.
    :param request_key: The key that points to the request object in ths
                        environment.  This parameter is ignored in current
                        versions.
    :param console_path: the URL for a general purpose console.
    :param console_init_func: the function that is executed before starting
                              the general purpose console.  The return value
                              is used as initial namespace.
    :param show_hidden_frames: by default hidden traceback frames are skipped.
                               You can show them by setting this parameter
                               to `True`.
    :param pin_security: can be used to disable the pin based security system.
    :param pin_logging: enables the logging of the pin system.
    """

    _pin: str
    _pin_cookie: str

    def __init__(
        self,
        app: "WSGIApplication",
        evalex: bool = False,
        request_key: str = "werkzeug.request",
        console_path: str = "/console",
        console_init_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[], t.Dict[str, t.Any]]] = None,
        show_hidden_frames: bool = False,
        pin_security: bool = True,
        pin_logging: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        if not console_init_func:
            console_init_func = None
        self.app = app
        self.evalex = evalex
        self.frames: t.Dict[int, t.Union[Frame, _ConsoleFrame]] = {}
        self.tracebacks: t.Dict[int, Traceback] = {}
        self.request_key = request_key
        self.console_path = console_path
        self.console_init_func = console_init_func
        self.show_hidden_frames = show_hidden_frames
        self.secret = gen_salt(20)
        self._failed_pin_auth = 0

        self.pin_logging = pin_logging
        if pin_security:
            # Print out the pin for the debugger on standard out.
            if os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true" and pin_logging:
                _log("warning", " * Debugger is active!")
                if self.pin is None:
                    _log("warning", " * Debugger PIN disabled. DEBUGGER UNSECURED!")
                else:
                    _log("info", " * Debugger PIN: %s", self.pin)
        else:
            self.pin = None

    @property
    def pin(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
        if not hasattr(self, "_pin"):
            pin_cookie = get_pin_and_cookie_name(self.app)
            self._pin, self._pin_cookie = pin_cookie  # type: ignore
        return self._pin

    @pin.setter
    def pin(self, value: str) -> None:
        self._pin = value

    @property
    def pin_cookie_name(self) -> str:
        """The name of the pin cookie."""
        if not hasattr(self, "_pin_cookie"):
            pin_cookie = get_pin_and_cookie_name(self.app)
            self._pin, self._pin_cookie = pin_cookie  # type: ignore
        return self._pin_cookie

    def debug_application(
        self, environ: "WSGIEnvironment", start_response: "StartResponse"
    ) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
        """Run the application and conserve the traceback frames."""
        app_iter = None
        try:
            app_iter = self.app(environ, start_response)
            yield from app_iter
            if hasattr(app_iter, "close"):
                app_iter.close()  # type: ignore
        except Exception:
            if hasattr(app_iter, "close"):
                app_iter.close()  # type: ignore
            traceback = get_current_traceback(
                skip=1,
                show_hidden_frames=self.show_hidden_frames,
                ignore_system_exceptions=True,
            )
            for frame in traceback.frames:
                self.frames[frame.id] = frame
            self.tracebacks[traceback.id] = traceback

            try:
                start_response(
                    "500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR",
                    [
                        ("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8"),
                        # Disable Chrome's XSS protection, the debug
                        # output can cause false-positives.
                        ("X-XSS-Protection", "0"),
                    ],
                )
            except Exception:
                # if we end up here there has been output but an error
                # occurred.  in that situation we can do nothing fancy any
                # more, better log something into the error log and fall
                # back gracefully.
                environ["wsgi.errors"].write(
                    "Debugging middleware caught exception in streamed "
                    "response at a point where response headers were already "
                    "sent.\n"
                )
            else:
                is_trusted = bool(self.check_pin_trust(environ))
                yield traceback.render_full(
                    evalex=self.evalex, evalex_trusted=is_trusted, secret=self.secret
                ).encode("utf-8", "replace")

            traceback.log(environ["wsgi.errors"])

    def execute_command(
        self, request: Request, command: str, frame: t.Union[Frame, _ConsoleFrame]
    ) -> Response:
        """Execute a command in a console."""
        return Response(frame.console.eval(command), mimetype="text/html")

    def display_console(self, request: Request) -> Response:
        """Display a standalone shell."""
        if 0 not in self.frames:
            if self.console_init_func is None:
                ns = {}
            else:
                ns = dict(self.console_init_func())
            ns.setdefault("app", self.app)
            self.frames[0] = _ConsoleFrame(ns)
        is_trusted = bool(self.check_pin_trust(request.environ))
        return Response(
            render_console_html(secret=self.secret, evalex_trusted=is_trusted),
            mimetype="text/html",
        )

    def get_resource(self, request: Request, filename: str) -> Response:
        """Return a static resource from the shared folder."""
        filename = join("shared", basename(filename))
        try:
            data = pkgutil.get_data(__package__, filename)
        except OSError:
            data = None
        if data is not None:
            mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
            return Response(data, mimetype=mimetype)
        return Response("Not Found", status=404)

    def check_pin_trust(self, environ: "WSGIEnvironment") -> t.Optional[bool]:
        """Checks if the request passed the pin test.  This returns `True` if the
        request is trusted on a pin/cookie basis and returns `False` if not.
        Additionally if the cookie's stored pin hash is wrong it will return
        `None` so that appropriate action can be taken.
        """
        if self.pin is None:
            return True
        val = parse_cookie(environ).get(self.pin_cookie_name)
        if not val or "|" not in val:
            return False
        ts, pin_hash = val.split("|", 1)
        if not ts.isdigit():
            return False
        if pin_hash != hash_pin(self.pin):
            return None
        return (time.time() - PIN_TIME) < int(ts)

    def _fail_pin_auth(self) -> None:
        time.sleep(5.0 if self._failed_pin_auth > 5 else 0.5)
        self._failed_pin_auth += 1

    def pin_auth(self, request: Request) -> Response:
        """Authenticates with the pin."""
        exhausted = False
        auth = False
        trust = self.check_pin_trust(request.environ)
        pin = t.cast(str, self.pin)

        # If the trust return value is `None` it means that the cookie is
        # set but the stored pin hash value is bad.  This means that the
        # pin was changed.  In this case we count a bad auth and unset the
        # cookie.  This way it becomes harder to guess the cookie name
        # instead of the pin as we still count up failures.
        bad_cookie = False
        if trust is None:
            self._fail_pin_auth()
            bad_cookie = True

        # If we're trusted, we're authenticated.
        elif trust:
            auth = True

        # If we failed too many times, then we're locked out.
        elif self._failed_pin_auth > 10:
            exhausted = True

        # Otherwise go through pin based authentication
        else:
            entered_pin = request.args["pin"]

            if entered_pin.strip().replace("-", "") == pin.replace("-", ""):
                self._failed_pin_auth = 0
                auth = True
            else:
                self._fail_pin_auth()

        rv = Response(
            json.dumps({"auth": auth, "exhausted": exhausted}),
            mimetype="application/json",
        )
        if auth:
            rv.set_cookie(
                self.pin_cookie_name,
                f"{int(time.time())}|{hash_pin(pin)}",
                httponly=True,
                samesite="None",
            )
        elif bad_cookie:
            rv.delete_cookie(self.pin_cookie_name)
        return rv

    def log_pin_request(self) -> Response:
        """Log the pin if needed."""
        if self.pin_logging and self.pin is not None:
            _log(
                "info", " * To enable the debugger you need to enter the security pin:"
            )
            _log("info", " * Debugger pin code: %s", self.pin)
        return Response("")

    def __call__(
        self, environ: "WSGIEnvironment", start_response: "StartResponse"
    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
        """Dispatch the requests."""
        # important: don't ever access a function here that reads the incoming
        # form data!  Otherwise the application won't have access to that data
        # any more!
        request = Request(environ)
        response = self.debug_application
        if request.args.get("__debugger__") == "yes":
            cmd = request.args.get("cmd")
            arg = request.args.get("f")
            secret = request.args.get("s")
            frame = self.frames.get(request.args.get("frm", type=int))  # type: ignore
            if cmd == "resource" and arg:
                response = self.get_resource(request, arg)  # type: ignore
            elif cmd == "pinauth" and secret == self.secret:
                response = self.pin_auth(request)  # type: ignore
            elif cmd == "printpin" and secret == self.secret:
                response = self.log_pin_request()  # type: ignore
            elif (
                self.evalex
                and cmd is not None
                and frame is not None
                and self.secret == secret
                and self.check_pin_trust(environ)
            ):
                response = self.execute_command(request, cmd, frame)  # type: ignore
        elif (
            self.evalex
            and self.console_path is not None
            and request.path == self.console_path
        ):
            response = self.display_console(request)  # type: ignore
        return response(environ, start_response)