i have the same experience
some image which crashing in one version such as opencv 4.5.5 => does not crash in other version 4.5.2
and same code dont crash under windows but crash in linux compile.

in my opinion opencv build options matter here

Thread 1 received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00007ffff52a150d in zxing::qrcode::Detector::sizeOfBlackWhiteBlackRun(int, int, int, int) () from /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
(gdb) where
#0 0x00007ffff52a150d in zxing::qrcode::Detector::sizeOfBlackWhiteBlackRun(int, int, int, int) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#1 0x00007ffff52a165f in zxing::qrcode::Detector::sizeOfBlackWhiteBlackRunBothWays(int, int, int, int, int, bool) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#2 0x00007ffff52a194a in zxing::qrcode::Detector::calculateModuleSizeOneWay(zxing::Refzxing::ResultPoint, zxing::Refzxing::ResultPoint, int, int) ()
at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#3 0x00007ffff52a5257 in zxing::qrcode::Detector::processFinderPatternInfo(zxing::Refzxing::qrcode::FinderPatternInfo, zxing::ErrorHandler&) ()
at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#4 0x00007ffff52a75f6 in zxing::qrcode::Detector::getPossibleAlignmentCount(int) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#5 0x00007ffff52b9212 in zxing::qrcode::QRCodeReader::decodeMore(zxing::Refzxing::BinaryBitmap, zxing::Refzxing::BitMatrix, zxing::DecodeHints, zxing::ErrorHandler&) ()
at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#6 0x00007ffff52bbda1 in zxing::qrcode::QRCodeReader::decode(zxing::Refzxing::BinaryBitmap, zxing::DecodeHints) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#7 0x00007ffff527ab14 in cv::wechat_qrcode::DecoderMgr::Decode(zxing::Refzxing::BinaryBitmap, zxing::DecodeHints) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#8 0x00007ffff527acb4 in cv::wechat_qrcode::DecoderMgr::TryDecode(zxing::Refzxing::LuminanceSource, zxing::Refzxing::Result&) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#9 0x00007ffff527b167 in cv::wechat_qrcode::DecoderMgr::decodeImage(cv::Mat, bool, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >&) ()
at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#10 0x00007ffff527f158 in cv::wechat_qrcode::WeChatQRCode::Impl::decode[abi:cxx11](cv::Mat const&, std::vector<cv::Mat, std::allocatorcv::Mat >&, std::vector<cv::Mat, std::allocatorcv::Mat >&) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
#11 0x00007ffff527f850 in cv::wechat_qrcode::WeChatQRCode::detectAndDecode[abi:cxx11](cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_OutputArray const&) () at /usr/local/lib/libopencv_wechat_qrcode.so.4.5
....

FYI if you compile opencv just without any other options like below, without TBB without openGL etc...
it works for me, crashing images works normal

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
-DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib-4.5.2/modules
../opencv-4.5.2

Thank you for the advice, it could be a temporary workaround, however we need to compile several flags for our applications.

/cc @dddzg

Just in order to let you know, these are the flags we are using. Version is 4.5.4 as I've stated before.

    # ------------------------------
    && cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
    -D WITH_CUDA=ON \
    -D WITH_CUBLAS=ON \ 
    -D CUDA_FAST_MATH=1 \
    -D WITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
    -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
    -D CUDA_ARCH_BIN=${ARCH_BIN} \
    -D CUDA_ARCH_PTX="" \
    -D CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS="--expt-relaxed-constexpr" \
    -D BUILD_opencv_cudacodec=ON \
    -D WITH_V4L=ON \    
    -D WITH_TBB=ON \
    -D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=1 \        
    -D WITH_QT=OFF \
    -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
    -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
    -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=OFF \
    -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \
    -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_build/opencv_contrib/modules \
    -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..  \

@alalek I managed to reproduce this crash is on my dev machine. Using the latest git commit from opencv/opencv@b2e20a8 and 3b5a558 the demo crashes immediately if compiled with -DENABLE_FAST_MATH=ON. Pretty much any image you try will reproduce the crash.

I was able to reproduce the issue with current 4.x (pre-4.8.0) with Fast Math option enabled in debug mode only. Release works well. Stack is corrupted:

Thread 1 "test" received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00007ffff7b55997 in zxing::BitMatrix::get (this=0x555555d4c280, x=-2147483648, y=115) at /home/alexander/Projects/OpenCV/opencv_contrib/modules/wechat_qrcode/src/zxing/common/bitmatrix.hpp:56
56          unsigned char get(int x, int y) const { return bits[width * y + x]; }

and the proposed patch with Nans does not fix it, but hides something else.

With fast-math option compiler expects that floats could not be NaNs and makes related optimizations.
Discussion on stackoverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69463347/why-does-gcc-ffast-math-disable-the-correct-result-of-isnan-and-isinf
GCC issue: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=84949
It looks like the right way to fix the Zxing library is not to return nan in detector.cpp:495, but return dedicated boolean status. IsNan is not needed any more. Other trials to handle nans with -fast-math will lead to sparadic issues that are compiler dependant.

To avoid SIGSEGV need to add checks for input values in methods which access arrays (like Detector::sizeOfBlackWhiteBlackRun, check for points inside of image rectangle)