diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c0188ab36f0..f069c07bf31 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.htm
 - Asynchronous callbacks are only called if they are registered with at least one instrument that does not use drop aggragation. (#3408)
 - Do not report empty partial-success responses in the `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp` exporters. (#3438, #3432)
 - Handle partial success responses in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric` exporters. (#3162, #3440)
+- Prevents panic when using incorrect `attribute.Value.As[Type]Slice()`. (#3489)
 - Prevent duplicate Prometheus description, unit, and type. (#3469)
 
 ## Removed
diff --git a/attribute/kv_test.go b/attribute/kv_test.go
index e819d404a2f..17815224ad1 100644
--- a/attribute/kv_test.go
+++ b/attribute/kv_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 )
@@ -132,3 +133,50 @@ func TestKeyValueValid(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIncorrectCast(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+		val  attribute.Value
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Float64",
+			val:  attribute.Float64Value(1.0),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Int64",
+			val:  attribute.Int64Value(2),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "String",
+			val:  attribute.BoolValue(true),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Float64Slice",
+			val:  attribute.Float64SliceValue([]float64{1.0}),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Int64Slice",
+			val:  attribute.Int64SliceValue([]int64{2}),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "StringSlice",
+			val:  attribute.BoolSliceValue([]bool{true}),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+				tt.val.AsBool()
+				tt.val.AsBoolSlice()
+				tt.val.AsFloat64()
+				tt.val.AsFloat64Slice()
+				tt.val.AsInt64()
+				tt.val.AsInt64Slice()
+				tt.val.AsInterface()
+				tt.val.AsString()
+				tt.val.AsStringSlice()
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/attribute/value.go b/attribute/value.go
index 80a37bd6ff3..34a4e548dd1 100644
--- a/attribute/value.go
+++ b/attribute/value.go
@@ -142,6 +142,13 @@ func (v Value) AsBool() bool {
 // AsBoolSlice returns the []bool value. Make sure that the Value's type is
 // BOOLSLICE.
 func (v Value) AsBoolSlice() []bool {
+	if v.vtype != BOOLSLICE {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return v.asBoolSlice()
+}
+
+func (v Value) asBoolSlice() []bool {
 	return attribute.AsSlice[bool](v.slice)
 }
 
@@ -154,6 +161,13 @@ func (v Value) AsInt64() int64 {
 // AsInt64Slice returns the []int64 value. Make sure that the Value's type is
 // INT64SLICE.
 func (v Value) AsInt64Slice() []int64 {
+	if v.vtype != INT64SLICE {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return v.asInt64Slice()
+}
+
+func (v Value) asInt64Slice() []int64 {
 	return attribute.AsSlice[int64](v.slice)
 }
 
@@ -166,6 +180,13 @@ func (v Value) AsFloat64() float64 {
 // AsFloat64Slice returns the []float64 value. Make sure that the Value's type is
 // FLOAT64SLICE.
 func (v Value) AsFloat64Slice() []float64 {
+	if v.vtype != FLOAT64SLICE {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return v.asFloat64Slice()
+}
+
+func (v Value) asFloat64Slice() []float64 {
 	return attribute.AsSlice[float64](v.slice)
 }
 
@@ -178,6 +199,13 @@ func (v Value) AsString() string {
 // AsStringSlice returns the []string value. Make sure that the Value's type is
 // STRINGSLICE.
 func (v Value) AsStringSlice() []string {
+	if v.vtype != STRINGSLICE {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return v.asStringSlice()
+}
+
+func (v Value) asStringSlice() []string {
 	return attribute.AsSlice[string](v.slice)
 }
 
@@ -189,19 +217,19 @@ func (v Value) AsInterface() interface{} {
 	case BOOL:
 		return v.AsBool()
 	case BOOLSLICE:
-		return v.AsBoolSlice()
+		return v.asBoolSlice()
 	case INT64:
 		return v.AsInt64()
 	case INT64SLICE:
-		return v.AsInt64Slice()
+		return v.asInt64Slice()
 	case FLOAT64:
 		return v.AsFloat64()
 	case FLOAT64SLICE:
-		return v.AsFloat64Slice()
+		return v.asFloat64Slice()
 	case STRING:
 		return v.stringly
 	case STRINGSLICE:
-		return v.AsStringSlice()
+		return v.asStringSlice()
 	}
 	return unknownValueType{}
 }
@@ -210,19 +238,19 @@ func (v Value) AsInterface() interface{} {
 func (v Value) Emit() string {
 	switch v.Type() {
 	case BOOLSLICE:
-		return fmt.Sprint(v.AsBoolSlice())
+		return fmt.Sprint(v.asBoolSlice())
 	case BOOL:
 		return strconv.FormatBool(v.AsBool())
 	case INT64SLICE:
-		return fmt.Sprint(v.AsInt64Slice())
+		return fmt.Sprint(v.asInt64Slice())
 	case INT64:
 		return strconv.FormatInt(v.AsInt64(), 10)
 	case FLOAT64SLICE:
-		return fmt.Sprint(v.AsFloat64Slice())
+		return fmt.Sprint(v.asFloat64Slice())
 	case FLOAT64:
 		return fmt.Sprint(v.AsFloat64())
 	case STRINGSLICE:
-		return fmt.Sprint(v.AsStringSlice())
+		return fmt.Sprint(v.asStringSlice())
 	case STRING:
 		return v.stringly
 	default: