diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 51536f5d52..f28b6f8c55 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
   (#[1185](https://github.com/nix-rust/nix/pull/1185))
 - `FsType` inner value made public.
   (#[1187](https://github.com/nix-rust/nix/pull/1187))
+- Added `unistd::setfsuid` and `unistd::setfsgid` to set the user or group
+  identity for filesystem checks per-thread.
+  (#[1163](https://github.com/nix-rust/nix/pull/1163))
 ### Changed
 ### Fixed
 ### Removed
diff --git a/src/unistd.rs b/src/unistd.rs
index 2dd5064b76..904c1c81ed 100644
--- a/src/unistd.rs
+++ b/src/unistd.rs
@@ -1398,6 +1398,28 @@ pub fn setgid(gid: Gid) -> Result<()> {
     Errno::result(res).map(drop)
 }
 
+/// Set the user identity used for filesystem checks per-thread.
+/// On both success and failure, this call returns the previous filesystem user
+/// ID of the caller.
+///
+/// See also [setfsuid(2)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setfsuid.2.html)
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn setfsuid(uid: Uid) -> Uid {
+    let prev_fsuid = unsafe { libc::setfsuid(uid.into()) };
+    Uid::from_raw(prev_fsuid as uid_t)
+}
+
+/// Set the group identity used for filesystem checks per-thread.
+/// On both success and failure, this call returns the previous filesystem group
+/// ID of the caller.
+///
+/// See also [setfsgid(2)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setfsgid.2.html)
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn setfsgid(gid: Gid) -> Gid {
+    let prev_fsgid = unsafe { libc::setfsgid(gid.into()) };
+    Gid::from_raw(prev_fsgid as gid_t)
+}
+
 /// Get the list of supplementary group IDs of the calling process.
 ///
 /// [Further reading](http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/getgroups.html)
diff --git a/test/test_unistd.rs b/test/test_unistd.rs
index 24e0c86bec..7e3be1ccb2 100644
--- a/test/test_unistd.rs
+++ b/test/test_unistd.rs
@@ -866,3 +866,41 @@ fn test_access_file_exists() {
     let _file = File::create(path.clone()).unwrap();
     assert!(access(&path, AccessFlags::R_OK | AccessFlags::W_OK).is_ok());
 }
+
+/// Tests setting the filesystem UID with `setfsuid`.
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+#[test]
+fn test_setfsuid() {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+    use std::{fs, thread};
+    require_capability!(CAP_SETUID);
+
+    // get the UID of the "nobody" user
+    let nobody = User::from_name("nobody").unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    // create a temporary file with permissions '-rw-r-----'
+    let file = tempfile::NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    let temp_path = file.into_temp_path();
+    let temp_path_2 = (&temp_path).to_path_buf();
+    let mut permissions = fs::metadata(&temp_path).unwrap().permissions();
+    permissions.set_mode(640);
+
+    // spawn a new thread where to test setfsuid
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        // set filesystem UID
+        let fuid = setfsuid(nobody.uid);
+        // trying to open the temporary file should fail with EACCES
+        let res = fs::File::open(&temp_path);
+        assert!(res.is_err());
+        assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap().kind(), io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied);
+
+        // assert fuid actually changes
+        let prev_fuid = setfsuid(Uid::from_raw(-1i32 as u32));
+        assert_ne!(prev_fuid, fuid);
+    })
+    .join()
+    .unwrap();
+
+    // open the temporary file with the current thread filesystem UID
+    fs::File::open(temp_path_2).unwrap();
+}