InlineBytecodeGenerator.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Mockito contributors
 * This program is made available under the terms of the MIT License.
 */
package org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy;

import net.bytebuddy.ByteBuddy;
import net.bytebuddy.ClassFileVersion;
import net.bytebuddy.asm.Advice;
import net.bytebuddy.asm.AsmVisitorWrapper;
import net.bytebuddy.description.field.FieldDescription;
import net.bytebuddy.description.field.FieldList;
import net.bytebuddy.description.method.MethodDescription;
import net.bytebuddy.description.method.MethodList;
import net.bytebuddy.description.method.ParameterDescription;
import net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription;
import net.bytebuddy.dynamic.ClassFileLocator;
import net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph;
import net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.TypeValidation;
import net.bytebuddy.implementation.Implementation;
import net.bytebuddy.jar.asm.ClassVisitor;
import net.bytebuddy.jar.asm.MethodVisitor;
import net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatchers;
import net.bytebuddy.pool.TypePool;
import net.bytebuddy.utility.OpenedClassReader;
import net.bytebuddy.utility.RandomString;
import org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException;
import org.mockito.internal.SuppressSignatureCheck;
import org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.inject.MockMethodDispatcher;
import org.mockito.internal.util.concurrent.DetachedThreadLocal;
import org.mockito.internal.util.concurrent.WeakConcurrentMap;
import org.mockito.internal.util.concurrent.WeakConcurrentSet;
import org.mockito.mock.SerializableMode;

import java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer;
import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
import java.lang.instrument.UnmodifiableClassException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Predicate;

import static net.bytebuddy.implementation.MethodDelegation.withDefaultConfiguration;
import static net.bytebuddy.implementation.bind.annotation.TargetMethodAnnotationDrivenBinder.ParameterBinder.ForFixedValue.OfConstant.of;
import static net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatchers.*;
import static org.mockito.internal.util.StringUtil.join;

@SuppressSignatureCheck
public class InlineBytecodeGenerator implements BytecodeGenerator, ClassFileTransformer {

    private static final String PRELOAD = "org.mockito.inline.preload";

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    static final Set<Class<?>> EXCLUDES =
            new HashSet<Class<?>>(
                    Arrays.asList(
                            Class.class,
                            Boolean.class,
                            Byte.class,
                            Short.class,
                            Character.class,
                            Integer.class,
                            Long.class,
                            Float.class,
                            Double.class,
                            String.class));

    private final Instrumentation instrumentation;

    private final ByteBuddy byteBuddy;

    private final WeakConcurrentSet<Class<?>> mocked, flatMocked;

    private final BytecodeGenerator subclassEngine;

    private final AsmVisitorWrapper mockTransformer;

    private final Method getModule, canRead, redefineModule;

    private volatile Throwable lastException;

    public InlineBytecodeGenerator(
            Instrumentation instrumentation,
            WeakConcurrentMap<Object, MockMethodInterceptor> mocks,
            DetachedThreadLocal<Map<Class<?>, MockMethodInterceptor>> mockedStatics,
            Predicate<Class<?>> isMockConstruction,
            ConstructionCallback onConstruction) {
        preload();
        this.instrumentation = instrumentation;
        byteBuddy =
                new ByteBuddy()
                        .with(TypeValidation.DISABLED)
                        .with(Implementation.Context.Disabled.Factory.INSTANCE)
                        .with(MethodGraph.Compiler.ForDeclaredMethods.INSTANCE)
                        .ignore(isSynthetic().and(not(isConstructor())).or(isDefaultFinalizer()));
        mocked = new WeakConcurrentSet<>(WeakConcurrentSet.Cleaner.INLINE);
        flatMocked = new WeakConcurrentSet<>(WeakConcurrentSet.Cleaner.INLINE);
        String identifier = RandomString.make();
        subclassEngine =
                new TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator(
                        new SubclassBytecodeGenerator(
                                withDefaultConfiguration()
                                        .withBinders(
                                                of(MockMethodAdvice.Identifier.class, identifier))
                                        .to(MockMethodAdvice.ForReadObject.class),
                                isAbstract().or(isNative()).or(isToString())),
                        false);
        mockTransformer =
                new AsmVisitorWrapper.ForDeclaredMethods()
                        .method(
                                isVirtual()
                                        .and(
                                                not(
                                                        isBridge()
                                                                .or(isHashCode())
                                                                .or(isEquals())
                                                                .or(isDefaultFinalizer())))
                                        .and(
                                                not(
                                                        isDeclaredBy(nameStartsWith("java."))
                                                                .<MethodDescription>and(
                                                                        isPackagePrivate()))),
                                Advice.withCustomMapping()
                                        .bind(MockMethodAdvice.Identifier.class, identifier)
                                        .to(MockMethodAdvice.class))
                        .method(
                                isStatic(),
                                Advice.withCustomMapping()
                                        .bind(MockMethodAdvice.Identifier.class, identifier)
                                        .to(MockMethodAdvice.ForStatic.class))
                        .constructor(any(), new MockMethodAdvice.ConstructorShortcut(identifier))
                        .method(
                                isHashCode(),
                                Advice.withCustomMapping()
                                        .bind(MockMethodAdvice.Identifier.class, identifier)
                                        .to(MockMethodAdvice.ForHashCode.class))
                        .method(
                                isEquals(),
                                Advice.withCustomMapping()
                                        .bind(MockMethodAdvice.Identifier.class, identifier)
                                        .to(MockMethodAdvice.ForEquals.class));
        Method getModule, canRead, redefineModule;
        try {
            getModule = Class.class.getMethod("getModule");
            canRead = getModule.getReturnType().getMethod("canRead", getModule.getReturnType());
            redefineModule =
                    Instrumentation.class.getMethod(
                            "redefineModule",
                            getModule.getReturnType(),
                            Set.class,
                            Map.class,
                            Map.class,
                            Set.class,
                            Map.class);
        } catch (Exception ignored) {
            getModule = null;
            canRead = null;
            redefineModule = null;
        }
        this.getModule = getModule;
        this.canRead = canRead;
        this.redefineModule = redefineModule;
        MockMethodDispatcher.set(
                identifier,
                new MockMethodAdvice(
                        mocks, mockedStatics, identifier, isMockConstruction, onConstruction));
        instrumentation.addTransformer(this, true);
    }

    /**
     * Mockito allows to mock about any type, including such types that we are relying on ourselves. This can cause a circularity:
     * In order to check if an instance is a mock we need to look up if this instance is registered in the {@code mocked} set. But to look
     * up this instance, we need to create key instances that rely on weak reference properties. Loading the later classes will happen before
     * the key instances are completed what will cause Mockito to check if those key instances are themselves mocks what causes a loop which
     * results in a circularity error. This is not normally a problem as we explicitly check if the instance that we investigate is one of
     * our instance of which we hold a reference by reference equality what does not cause any code execution. But it seems like the load
     * order plays a role here with unloaded types being loaded before we even get to check the mock instance property. To avoid this, we are
     * making sure that crucuial JVM types are loaded before we create the first inline mock. Unfortunately, these types dependant on a JVM's
     * implementation and we can only maintain types that we know of from well-known JVM implementations such as HotSpot and extend this list
     * once we learn of further problematic types for future Java versions. To allow users to whitelist their own types, we do not also offer
     * a property that allows running problematic tests before a new Mockito version can be released and that allows us to ask users to
     * easily validate that whitelisting actually solves a problem as circularities could also be caused by other problems.
     */
    private static void preload() {
        String preloads = System.getProperty(PRELOAD);
        if (preloads == null) {
            preloads =
                    "java.lang.WeakPairMap,java.lang.WeakPairMap$Pair,java.lang.WeakPairMap$Pair$Weak";
        }
        for (String preload : preloads.split(",")) {
            try {
                Class.forName(preload, false, null);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Class<? extends T> mockClass(MockFeatures<T> features) {
        boolean subclassingRequired =
                !features.interfaces.isEmpty()
                        || features.serializableMode != SerializableMode.NONE
                        || Modifier.isAbstract(features.mockedType.getModifiers());

        checkSupportedCombination(subclassingRequired, features);

        Set<Class<?>> types = new HashSet<>();
        types.add(features.mockedType);
        types.addAll(features.interfaces);

        synchronized (this) {
            triggerRetransformation(types, false);
        }

        return subclassingRequired ? subclassEngine.mockClass(features) : features.mockedType;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void mockClassStatic(Class<?> type) {
        triggerRetransformation(Collections.singleton(type), true);
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void mockClassConstruction(Class<?> type) {
        triggerRetransformation(Collections.singleton(type), false);
    }

    private static void assureInitialization(Class<?> type) {
        try {
            Class.forName(type.getName(), true, type.getClassLoader());
        } catch (ExceptionInInitializerError e) {
            throw new MockitoException(
                    "Cannot instrument "
                            + type
                            + " because it or one of its supertypes could not be initialized",
                    e.getException());
        } catch (Throwable ignored) {
        }
    }

    private <T> void triggerRetransformation(Set<Class<?>> types, boolean flat) {
        Set<Class<?>> targets = new HashSet<Class<?>>();

        try {
            for (Class<?> type : types) {
                if (flat) {
                    if (!mocked.contains(type) && flatMocked.add(type)) {
                        assureInitialization(type);
                        targets.add(type);
                    }
                } else {
                    do {
                        if (mocked.add(type)) {
                            assureInitialization(type);
                            if (!flatMocked.remove(type)) {
                                targets.add(type);
                            }
                            addInterfaces(targets, type.getInterfaces());
                        }
                        type = type.getSuperclass();
                    } while (type != null);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            for (Class<?> target : targets) {
                mocked.remove(target);
                flatMocked.remove(target);
            }
            throw t;
        }

        // The object type does not ever need instrumentation.
        targets.remove(Object.class);

        if (!targets.isEmpty()) {
            try {
                assureCanReadMockito(targets);
                instrumentation.retransformClasses(targets.toArray(new Class<?>[targets.size()]));
                Throwable throwable = lastException;
                if (throwable != null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                            join(
                                    "Byte Buddy could not instrument all classes within the mock's type hierarchy",
                                    "",
                                    "This problem should never occur for javac-compiled classes. This problem has been observed for classes that are:",
                                    " - Compiled by older versions of scalac",
                                    " - Classes that are part of the Android distribution"),
                            throwable);
                }
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                for (Class<?> failed : targets) {
                    mocked.remove(failed);
                    flatMocked.remove(failed);
                }
                throw new MockitoException("Could not modify all classes " + targets, exception);
            } finally {
                lastException = null;
            }
        }
    }

    private void assureCanReadMockito(Set<Class<?>> types) {
        if (redefineModule == null) {
            return;
        }
        Set<Object> modules = new HashSet<Object>();
        try {
            Object target =
                    getModule.invoke(
                            Class.forName(
                                    "org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.inject.MockMethodDispatcher",
                                    false,
                                    null));
            for (Class<?> type : types) {
                Object module = getModule.invoke(type);
                if (!modules.contains(module) && !(Boolean) canRead.invoke(module, target)) {
                    modules.add(module);
                }
            }
            for (Object module : modules) {
                redefineModule.invoke(
                        instrumentation,
                        module,
                        Collections.singleton(target),
                        Collections.emptyMap(),
                        Collections.emptyMap(),
                        Collections.emptySet(),
                        Collections.emptyMap());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    join(
                            "Could not adjust module graph to make the mock instance dispatcher visible to some classes",
                            "",
                            "At least one of those modules: "
                                    + modules
                                    + " is not reading the unnamed module of the bootstrap loader",
                            "Without such a read edge, the classes that are redefined to become mocks cannot access the mock dispatcher.",
                            "To circumvent this, Mockito attempted to add a read edge to this module what failed for an unexpected reason"),
                    e);
        }
    }

    private <T> void checkSupportedCombination(
            boolean subclassingRequired, MockFeatures<T> features) {
        if (subclassingRequired
                && !features.mockedType.isArray()
                && !features.mockedType.isPrimitive()
                && Modifier.isFinal(features.mockedType.getModifiers())) {
            throw new MockitoException(
                    "Unsupported settings with this type '" + features.mockedType.getName() + "'");
        }
    }

    private void addInterfaces(Set<Class<?>> types, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
        for (Class<?> type : interfaces) {
            if (mocked.add(type)) {
                if (!flatMocked.remove(type)) {
                    types.add(type);
                }
                addInterfaces(types, type.getInterfaces());
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] transform(
            ClassLoader loader,
            String className,
            Class<?> classBeingRedefined,
            ProtectionDomain protectionDomain,
            byte[] classfileBuffer) {
        if (classBeingRedefined == null
                || !mocked.contains(classBeingRedefined)
                        && !flatMocked.contains(classBeingRedefined)
                || EXCLUDES.contains(classBeingRedefined)) {
            return null;
        } else {
            try {
                return byteBuddy
                        .redefine(
                                classBeingRedefined,
                                //        new ClassFileLocator.Compound(
                                ClassFileLocator.Simple.of(
                                        classBeingRedefined.getName(), classfileBuffer)
                                //            ,ClassFileLocator.ForClassLoader.ofSystemLoader()
                                //        )
                                )
                        // Note: The VM erases parameter meta data from the provided class file
                        // (bug). We just add this information manually.
                        .visit(new ParameterWritingVisitorWrapper(classBeingRedefined))
                        .visit(mockTransformer)
                        .make()
                        .getBytes();
            } catch (Throwable throwable) {
                lastException = throwable;
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void clearAllCaches() {
        Set<Class<?>> types = new HashSet<>();
        mocked.forEach(types::add);
        if (types.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        mocked.clear();
        flatMocked.clear();
        try {
            instrumentation.retransformClasses(types.toArray(new Class<?>[0]));
        } catch (UnmodifiableClassException e) {
            throw new MockitoException(
                    join(
                            "Failed to reset mocks.",
                            "",
                            "This should not influence the working of Mockito.",
                            "But if the reset intends to remove mocking code to improve performance, it is still impacted."),
                    e);
        }
    }

    private static class ParameterWritingVisitorWrapper extends AsmVisitorWrapper.AbstractBase {

        private final Class<?> type;

        private ParameterWritingVisitorWrapper(Class<?> type) {
            this.type = type;
        }

        @Override
        public ClassVisitor wrap(
                TypeDescription instrumentedType,
                ClassVisitor classVisitor,
                Implementation.Context implementationContext,
                TypePool typePool,
                FieldList<FieldDescription.InDefinedShape> fields,
                MethodList<?> methods,
                int writerFlags,
                int readerFlags) {
            return implementationContext.getClassFileVersion().isAtLeast(ClassFileVersion.JAVA_V8)
                    ? new ParameterAddingClassVisitor(
                            classVisitor, new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(type))
                    : classVisitor;
        }

        private static class ParameterAddingClassVisitor extends ClassVisitor {

            private final TypeDescription typeDescription;

            private ParameterAddingClassVisitor(ClassVisitor cv, TypeDescription typeDescription) {
                super(OpenedClassReader.ASM_API, cv);
                this.typeDescription = typeDescription;
            }

            @Override
            public MethodVisitor visitMethod(
                    int access, String name, String desc, String signature, String[] exceptions) {
                MethodVisitor methodVisitor =
                        super.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);
                MethodList<?> methodList =
                        typeDescription
                                .getDeclaredMethods()
                                .filter(
                                        (name.equals(MethodDescription.CONSTRUCTOR_INTERNAL_NAME)
                                                        ? isConstructor()
                                                        : ElementMatchers.<MethodDescription>named(
                                                                name))
                                                .and(hasDescriptor(desc)));
                if (methodList.size() == 1
                        && methodList.getOnly().getParameters().hasExplicitMetaData()) {
                    for (ParameterDescription parameterDescription :
                            methodList.getOnly().getParameters()) {
                        methodVisitor.visitParameter(
                                parameterDescription.getName(),
                                parameterDescription.getModifiers());
                    }
                    return new MethodParameterStrippingMethodVisitor(methodVisitor);
                } else {
                    return methodVisitor;
                }
            }
        }

        private static class MethodParameterStrippingMethodVisitor extends MethodVisitor {

            public MethodParameterStrippingMethodVisitor(MethodVisitor mv) {
                super(OpenedClassReader.ASM_API, mv);
            }

            @Override
            public void visitParameter(String name, int access) {
                // suppress to avoid additional writing of the parameter if retained.
            }
        }
    }
}