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image.rb
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image.rb
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require 'tempfile'
require 'stringio'
require 'pathname'
require 'uri'
require 'open-uri'
require 'mini_magick/image/info'
require 'mini_magick/utilities'
module MiniMagick
class Image
##
# This is the primary loading method used by all of the other class
# methods.
#
# Use this to pass in a stream object. Must respond to #read(size) or be a
# binary string object (BLOB)
#
# Probably easier to use the {.open} method if you want to open a file or a
# URL.
#
# @param stream [#read, String] Some kind of stream object that needs
# to be read or is a binary String blob
# @param ext [String] A manual extension to use for reading the file. Not
# required, but if you are having issues, give this a try.
# @return [MiniMagick::Image]
#
def self.read(stream, ext = nil)
if stream.is_a?(String)
stream = StringIO.new(stream)
end
create(ext) { |file| IO.copy_stream(stream, file) }
end
##
# Creates an image object from a binary string blob which contains raw
# pixel data (i.e. no header data).
#
# @param blob [String] Binary string blob containing raw pixel data.
# @param columns [Integer] Number of columns.
# @param rows [Integer] Number of rows.
# @param depth [Integer] Bit depth of the encoded pixel data.
# @param map [String] A code for the mapping of the pixel data. Example:
# 'gray' or 'rgb'.
# @param format [String] The file extension of the image format to be
# used when creating the image object.
# Defaults to 'png'.
# @return [MiniMagick::Image] The loaded image.
#
def self.import_pixels(blob, columns, rows, depth, map, format = 'png')
# Create an image object with the raw pixel data string:
create(".dat", false) { |f| f.write(blob) }.tap do |image|
output_path = image.path.sub(/\.\w+$/, ".#{format}")
# Use ImageMagick to convert the raw data file to an image file of the
# desired format:
MiniMagick::Tool::Convert.new do |convert|
convert.size "#{columns}x#{rows}"
convert.depth depth
convert << "#{map}:#{image.path}"
convert << output_path
end
image.path.replace output_path
end
end
##
# Opens a specific image file either on the local file system or at a URI.
# Use this if you don't want to overwrite the image file.
#
# Extension is either guessed from the path or you can specify it as a
# second parameter.
#
# @param path_or_url [String] Either a local file path or a URL that
# open-uri can read
# @param ext [String] Specify the extension you want to read it as
# @param options [Hash] Specify options for the open method
# @return [MiniMagick::Image] The loaded image
#
def self.open(path_or_url, ext = nil, options = {})
options, ext = ext, nil if ext.is_a?(Hash)
# Don't use Kernel#open, but reuse its logic
openable =
if path_or_url.respond_to?(:open)
path_or_url
elsif path_or_url.respond_to?(:to_str) &&
%r{\A[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-\.]*://} =~ path_or_url &&
(uri = URI.parse(path_or_url)).respond_to?(:open)
uri
else
options = { binmode: true }.merge(options)
Pathname(path_or_url)
end
if openable.is_a?(URI::Generic)
ext ||= File.extname(openable.path)
else
ext ||= File.extname(openable.to_s)
end
ext.sub!(/:.*/, '') # hack for filenames or URLs that include a colon
if openable.is_a?(URI::Generic)
openable.open(options) { |file| read(file, ext) }
else
openable.open(**options) { |file| read(file, ext) }
end
end
##
# Used to create a new Image object data-copy. Not used to "paint" or
# that kind of thing.
#
# Takes an extension in a block and can be used to build a new Image
# object. Used by both {.open} and {.read} to create a new object. Ensures
# we have a good tempfile.
#
# @param ext [String] Specify the extension you want to read it as
# @param validate [Boolean] If false, skips validation of the created
# image. Defaults to true.
# @yield [Tempfile] You can #write bits to this object to create the new
# Image
# @return [MiniMagick::Image] The created image
#
def self.create(ext = nil, validate = MiniMagick.validate_on_create, &block)
tempfile = MiniMagick::Utilities.tempfile(ext.to_s.downcase, &block)
new(tempfile.path, tempfile).tap do |image|
image.validate! if validate
end
end
##
# @private
# @!macro [attach] attribute
# @!attribute [r] $1
#
def self.attribute(name, key = name.to_s)
define_method(name) do |*args|
if args.any? && name != :resolution
mogrify { |b| b.send(name, *args) }
else
@info[key, *args]
end
end
end
##
# @return [String] The location of the current working file
#
attr_reader :path
##
# @return [Tempfile] The underlying temporary file
#
attr_reader :tempfile
##
# Create a new {MiniMagick::Image} object.
#
# _DANGER_: The file location passed in here is the *working copy*. That
# is, it gets *modified*. You can either copy it yourself or use {.open}
# which creates a temporary file for you and protects your original.
#
# @param input_path [String, Pathname] The location of an image file
# @yield [MiniMagick::Tool::Mogrify] If block is given, {#combine_options}
# is called.
#
def initialize(input_path, tempfile = nil, &block)
@path = input_path.to_s
@tempfile = tempfile
@info = MiniMagick::Image::Info.new(@path)
combine_options(&block) if block
end
def ==(other)
self.class == other.class && signature == other.signature
end
alias eql? ==
def hash
signature.hash
end
##
# Returns raw image data.
#
# @return [String] Binary string
#
def to_blob
File.binread(path)
end
##
# Checks to make sure that MiniMagick can read the file and understand it.
#
# This uses the 'identify' command line utility to check the file. If you
# are having issues with this, then please work directly with the
# 'identify' command and see if you can figure out what the issue is.
#
# @return [Boolean]
#
def valid?
validate!
true
rescue MiniMagick::Invalid
false
end
##
# Runs `identify` on the current image, and raises an error if it doesn't
# pass.
#
# @raise [MiniMagick::Invalid]
#
def validate!
identify
rescue MiniMagick::Error => error
raise MiniMagick::Invalid, error.message
end
##
# Returns the image format (e.g. "JPEG", "GIF").
#
# @return [String]
#
attribute :type, "format"
##
# @return [String]
#
attribute :mime_type
##
# @return [Integer]
#
attribute :width
##
# @return [Integer]
#
attribute :height
##
# @return [Array<Integer>]
#
attribute :dimensions
##
# Returns the file size of the image (in bytes).
#
# @return [Integer]
#
attribute :size
##
# Returns the file size in a human readable format.
#
# @return [String]
#
attribute :human_size
##
# @return [String]
#
attribute :colorspace
##
# @return [Hash]
#
attribute :exif
##
# Returns the resolution of the photo. You can optionally specify the
# units measurement.
#
# @example
# image.resolution("PixelsPerInch") #=> [250, 250]
# @see http://www.imagemagick.org/script/command-line-options.php#units
# @return [Array<Integer>]
#
attribute :resolution
##
# Returns the message digest of this image as a SHA-256, hexidecimal
# encoded string. This signature uniquely identifies the image and is
# convenient for determining if an image has been modified or whether two
# images are identical.
#
# @example
# image.signature #=> "60a7848c4ca6e36b8e2c5dea632ecdc29e9637791d2c59ebf7a54c0c6a74ef7e"
# @see http://www.imagemagick.org/api/signature.php
# @return [String]
#
attribute :signature
##
# Returns the information from `identify -verbose` in a Hash format, for
# ImageMagick.
#
# @return [Hash]
attribute :data
##
# Returns the information from `identify -verbose` in a Hash format, for
# GraphicsMagick.
#
# @return [Hash]
attribute :details
##
# Use this method if you want to access raw Identify's format API.
#
# @example
# image["%w %h"] #=> "250 450"
# image["%r"] #=> "DirectClass sRGB"
#
# @param value [String]
# @see http://www.imagemagick.org/script/escape.php
# @return [String]
#
def [](value)
@info[value.to_s]
end
alias info []
##
# Returns layers of the image. For example, JPEGs are 1-layered, but
# formats like PSDs, GIFs and PDFs can have multiple layers/frames/pages.
#
# @example
# image = MiniMagick::Image.new("document.pdf")
# image.pages.each_with_index do |page, idx|
# page.write("page#{idx}.pdf")
# end
# @return [Array<MiniMagick::Image>]
#
def layers
layers_count = identify.lines.count
layers_count.times.map do |idx|
MiniMagick::Image.new("#{path}[#{idx}]")
end
end
alias pages layers
alias frames layers
##
# Returns a matrix of pixels from the image. The matrix is constructed as
# an array (1) of arrays (2) of arrays (3) of unsigned integers:
#
# 1) one for each row of pixels
# 2) one for each column of pixels
# 3) three elements in the range 0-255, one for each of the RGB color channels
#
# @example
# img = MiniMagick::Image.open 'image.jpg'
# pixels = img.get_pixels
# pixels[3][2][1] # the green channel value from the 4th-row, 3rd-column pixel
#
# It can also be called after applying transformations:
#
# @example
# img = MiniMagick::Image.open 'image.jpg'
# img.crop '20x30+10+5'
# img.colorspace 'Gray'
# pixels = img.get_pixels
#
# In this example, all pixels in pix should now have equal R, G, and B values.
#
# @return [Array] Matrix of each color of each pixel
def get_pixels
convert = MiniMagick::Tool::Convert.new
convert << path
convert.depth(8)
convert << "RGB:-"
# Do not use `convert.call` here. We need the whole binary (unstripped) output here.
shell = MiniMagick::Shell.new
output, * = shell.run(convert.command)
pixels_array = output.unpack("C*")
pixels = pixels_array.each_slice(3).each_slice(width).to_a
# deallocate large intermediary objects
output.clear
pixels_array.clear
pixels
end
##
# This is used to change the format of the image. That is, from "tiff to
# jpg" or something like that. Once you run it, the instance is pointing to
# a new file with a new extension!
#
# *DANGER*: This renames the file that the instance is pointing to. So, if
# you manually opened the file with Image.new(file_path)... Then that file
# is DELETED! If you used Image.open(file) then you are OK. The original
# file will still be there. But, any changes to it might not be...
#
# Formatting an animation into a non-animated type will result in
# ImageMagick creating multiple pages (starting with 0). You can choose
# which page you want to manipulate. We default to the first page.
#
# If you would like to convert between animated formats, pass nil as your
# page and ImageMagick will copy all of the pages.
#
# @param format [String] The target format... Like 'jpg', 'gif', 'tiff' etc.
# @param page [Integer] If this is an animated gif, say which 'page' you
# want with an integer. Default 0 will convert only the first page; 'nil'
# will convert all pages.
# @param read_opts [Hash] Any read options to be passed to ImageMagick
# for example: image.format('jpg', page, {density: '300'})
# @yield [MiniMagick::Tool::Convert] It optionally yields the command,
# if you want to add something.
# @return [self]
#
def format(format, page = 0, read_opts={})
if @tempfile
new_tempfile = MiniMagick::Utilities.tempfile(".#{format}")
new_path = new_tempfile.path
else
new_path = Pathname(path).sub_ext(".#{format}").to_s
end
input_path = path.dup
input_path << "[#{page}]" if page && !layer?
MiniMagick::Tool::Convert.new do |convert|
read_opts.each do |opt, val|
convert.send(opt.to_s, val)
end
convert << input_path
yield convert if block_given?
convert << new_path
end
if @tempfile
destroy!
@tempfile = new_tempfile
else
File.delete(path) unless path == new_path || layer?
end
path.replace new_path
@info.clear
self
end
##
# You can use multiple commands together using this method. Very easy to
# use!
#
# @example
# image.combine_options do |c|
# c.draw "image Over 0,0 10,10 '#{MINUS_IMAGE_PATH}'"
# c.thumbnail "300x500>"
# c.background "blue"
# end
#
# @yield [MiniMagick::Tool::Mogrify]
# @see http://www.imagemagick.org/script/mogrify.php
# @return [self]
#
def combine_options(&block)
mogrify(&block)
end
##
# If an unknown method is called then it is sent through the mogrify
# program.
#
# @see http://www.imagemagick.org/script/mogrify.php
# @return [self]
#
def method_missing(name, *args)
mogrify do |builder|
builder.send(name, *args)
end
end
def respond_to_missing?(method_name, include_private = false)
MiniMagick::Tool::Mogrify.option_methods.include?(method_name.to_s)
end
##
# Writes the temporary file out to either a file location (by passing in a
# String) or by passing in a Stream that you can #write(chunk) to
# repeatedly
#
# @param output_to [String, Pathname, #read] Some kind of stream object
# that needs to be read or a file path as a String
#
def write(output_to)
case output_to
when String, Pathname
if layer?
MiniMagick::Tool::Convert.new do |builder|
builder << path
builder << output_to
end
else
FileUtils.copy_file path, output_to unless path == output_to.to_s
end
else
IO.copy_stream File.open(path, "rb"), output_to
end
end
##
# @example
# first_image = MiniMagick::Image.open "first.jpg"
# second_image = MiniMagick::Image.open "second.jpg"
# result = first_image.composite(second_image) do |c|
# c.compose "Over" # OverCompositeOp
# c.geometry "+20+20" # copy second_image onto first_image from (20, 20)
# end
# result.write "output.jpg"
#
# @see http://www.imagemagick.org/script/composite.php
#
def composite(other_image, output_extension = type.downcase, mask = nil)
output_tempfile = MiniMagick::Utilities.tempfile(".#{output_extension}")
MiniMagick::Tool::Composite.new do |composite|
yield composite if block_given?
composite << other_image.path
composite << path
composite << mask.path if mask
composite << output_tempfile.path
end
Image.new(output_tempfile.path, output_tempfile)
end
##
# Collapse images with sequences to the first frame (i.e. animated gifs) and
# preserve quality.
#
# @param frame [Integer] The frame to which to collapse to, defaults to `0`.
# @return [self]
#
def collapse!(frame = 0)
mogrify(frame) { |builder| builder.quality(100) }
end
##
# Destroys the tempfile (created by {.open}) if it exists.
#
def destroy!
if @tempfile
FileUtils.rm_f @tempfile.path.sub(/mpc$/, "cache") if @tempfile.path.end_with?(".mpc")
@tempfile.unlink
end
end
##
# Runs `identify` on itself. Accepts an optional block for adding more
# options to `identify`.
#
# @example
# image = MiniMagick::Image.open("image.jpg")
# image.identify do |b|
# b.verbose
# end # runs `identify -verbose image.jpg`
# @return [String] Output from `identify`
# @yield [MiniMagick::Tool::Identify]
#
def identify
MiniMagick::Tool::Identify.new do |builder|
yield builder if block_given?
builder << path
end
end
# @private
def run_command(tool_name, *args)
MiniMagick::Tool.const_get(tool_name.capitalize).new do |builder|
args.each do |arg|
builder << arg
end
end
end
def mogrify(page = nil)
MiniMagick::Tool::MogrifyRestricted.new do |builder|
yield builder if block_given?
builder << (page ? "#{path}[#{page}]" : path)
end
@info.clear
self
end
def layer?
path =~ /\[\d+\]$/
end
##
# Compares if image width
# is greater than height
# ============
# | |
# | |
# ============
# @return [Boolean]
def landscape?
width > height
end
##
# Compares if image height
# is greater than width
# ======
# | |
# | |
# | |
# | |
# ======
# @return [Boolean]
def portrait?
height > width
end
end
end