diff --git a/hvsock.go b/hvsock.go
index 1bd34a35..a1064987 100644
--- a/hvsock.go
+++ b/hvsock.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package winio
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -437,6 +438,10 @@ func canRedial(err error) bool {
 }
 
 func (conn *HvsockConn) opErr(op string, err error) error {
+	// translate from "file closed" to "socket closed"
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrFileClosed) {
+		err = sockets.ErrSocketClosed
+	}
 	return &net.OpError{Op: op, Net: "hvsock", Source: &conn.local, Addr: &conn.remote, Err: err}
 }
 
@@ -451,8 +456,8 @@ func (conn *HvsockConn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	err = syscall.WSARecv(conn.sock.handle, &buf, 1, &bytes, &flags, &c.o, nil)
 	n, err := conn.sock.asyncIo(c, &conn.sock.readDeadline, bytes, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		if _, ok := err.(syscall.Errno); ok {
-			err = os.NewSyscallError("wsarecv", err)
+		if eno := windows.Errno(0); errors.As(err, &eno) {
+			err = os.NewSyscallError("wsarecv", eno)
 		}
 		return 0, conn.opErr("read", err)
 	} else if n == 0 {
@@ -485,8 +490,8 @@ func (conn *HvsockConn) write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	err = syscall.WSASend(conn.sock.handle, &buf, 1, &bytes, 0, &c.o, nil)
 	n, err := conn.sock.asyncIo(c, &conn.sock.writeDeadline, bytes, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		if _, ok := err.(syscall.Errno); ok {
-			err = os.NewSyscallError("wsasend", err)
+		if eno := windows.Errno(0); errors.As(err, &eno) {
+			err = os.NewSyscallError("wsasend", eno)
 		}
 		return 0, conn.opErr("write", err)
 	}
@@ -505,11 +510,16 @@ func (conn *HvsockConn) IsClosed() bool {
 // shutdown disables sending or receiving on a socket
 func (conn *HvsockConn) shutdown(how int) error {
 	if conn.IsClosed() {
-		return ErrFileClosed
+		return sockets.ErrSocketClosed
 	}
 
 	err := syscall.Shutdown(conn.sock.handle, how)
 	if err != nil {
+		// If the connection was closed, shutdowns fail with "not connected"
+		if errors.Is(err, windows.WSAENOTCONN) ||
+			errors.Is(err, windows.WSAESHUTDOWN) {
+			err = sockets.ErrSocketClosed
+		}
 		return os.NewSyscallError("shutdown", err)
 	}
 	return nil
diff --git a/pkg/sockets/rawaddr.go b/pkg/sockets/rawaddr.go
index 3680cbdd..80d9ecb2 100644
--- a/pkg/sockets/rawaddr.go
+++ b/pkg/sockets/rawaddr.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ var (
 // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/sockaddr-2
 type RawSockaddr interface {
 	// Sockaddr returns a pointer to the RawSockaddr and the length of the struct.
-	Sockaddr() (ptr unsafe.Pointer, len int32, err error)
+	Sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error)
 
 	// FromBytes populates the RawsockAddr with the data in the byte array.
 	// Implementers should check the buffer is correctly sized and the address family
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ type RawSockaddr interface {
 	FromBytes([]byte) error
 }
 
-func validateSockAddr(ptr unsafe.Pointer, len int32) error {
+func validateSockAddr(ptr unsafe.Pointer, n int32) error {
 	if ptr == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("pointer is %p: %w", ptr, ErrInvalidPointer)
 	}
-	if len < 1 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("buffer size %d < 1: %w", len, ErrBufferSize)
+	if n < 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("buffer size %d < 1: %w", n, ErrBufferSize)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sockets/sockets.go b/pkg/sockets/sockets.go
index ffe8a87c..b707da03 100644
--- a/pkg/sockets/sockets.go
+++ b/pkg/sockets/sockets.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 
 const socketError = uintptr(^uint32(0))
 
+var ErrSocketClosed = fmt.Errorf("socket closed: %w", net.ErrClosed)
+
 // CloseWriter is a connection that can disable writing to itself.
 type CloseWriter interface {
 	net.Conn
@@ -125,7 +127,6 @@ func (f *runtimeFunc) Load() error {
 		)
 	})
 	return f.err
-
 }
 
 var (
@@ -141,9 +142,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func ConnectEx(fd windows.Handle, rsa RawSockaddr, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *windows.Overlapped) error {
-	err := connectExFunc.Load()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load ConnectEx function pointer: %e", err)
+	if err := connectExFunc.Load(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load ConnectEx function pointer: %w", err)
 	}
 	ptr, n, err := rsa.Sockaddr()
 	if err != nil {