utilities.ts

/* @internal */ // Don't expose that we use this
// Based on lib.es6.d.ts
interface PromiseConstructor {
    new <T>(executor: (resolve: (value?: T | PromiseLike<T>) => void, reject: (reason?: any) => void) => void): Promise<T>;
    reject(reason: any): Promise<never>;
    all<T>(values: (T | PromiseLike<T>)[]): Promise<T[]>;
}
/* @internal */
declare var Promise: PromiseConstructor; // eslint-disable-line no-var

/* @internal */
namespace ts {
    // These utilities are common to multiple language service features.
    //#region
    export const scanner: Scanner = createScanner(ScriptTarget.Latest, /*skipTrivia*/ true);

    export const enum SemanticMeaning {
        None = 0x0,
        Value = 0x1,
        Type = 0x2,
        Namespace = 0x4,
        All = Value | Type | Namespace
    }

    export function getMeaningFromDeclaration(node: Node): SemanticMeaning {
        switch (node.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.VariableDeclaration:
                return isInJSFile(node) && getJSDocEnumTag(node) ? SemanticMeaning.All : SemanticMeaning.Value;

            case SyntaxKind.Parameter:
            case SyntaxKind.BindingElement:
            case SyntaxKind.PropertyDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.PropertySignature:
            case SyntaxKind.PropertyAssignment:
            case SyntaxKind.ShorthandPropertyAssignment:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature:
            case SyntaxKind.Constructor:
            case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor:
            case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor:
            case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction:
            case SyntaxKind.CatchClause:
            case SyntaxKind.JsxAttribute:
                return SemanticMeaning.Value;

            case SyntaxKind.TypeParameter:
            case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.TypeAliasDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.TypeLiteral:
                return SemanticMeaning.Type;

            case SyntaxKind.JSDocTypedefTag:
                // If it has no name node, it shares the name with the value declaration below it.
                return (node as JSDocTypedefTag).name === undefined ? SemanticMeaning.Value | SemanticMeaning.Type : SemanticMeaning.Type;

            case SyntaxKind.EnumMember:
            case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
                return SemanticMeaning.Value | SemanticMeaning.Type;

            case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration:
                if (isAmbientModule(node as ModuleDeclaration)) {
                    return SemanticMeaning.Namespace | SemanticMeaning.Value;
                }
                else if (getModuleInstanceState(node as ModuleDeclaration) === ModuleInstanceState.Instantiated) {
                    return SemanticMeaning.Namespace | SemanticMeaning.Value;
                }
                else {
                    return SemanticMeaning.Namespace;
                }

            case SyntaxKind.EnumDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.NamedImports:
            case SyntaxKind.ImportSpecifier:
            case SyntaxKind.ImportEqualsDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.ExportAssignment:
            case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration:
                return SemanticMeaning.All;

            // An external module can be a Value
            case SyntaxKind.SourceFile:
                return SemanticMeaning.Namespace | SemanticMeaning.Value;
        }

        return SemanticMeaning.All;
    }

    export function getMeaningFromLocation(node: Node): SemanticMeaning {
        node = getAdjustedReferenceLocation(node);
        const parent = node.parent;
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.SourceFile) {
            return SemanticMeaning.Value;
        }
        else if (isExportAssignment(parent)
            || isExportSpecifier(parent)
            || isExternalModuleReference(parent)
            || isImportSpecifier(parent)
            || isImportClause(parent)
            || isImportEqualsDeclaration(parent) && node === parent.name) {
            return SemanticMeaning.All;
        }
        else if (isInRightSideOfInternalImportEqualsDeclaration(node)) {
            return getMeaningFromRightHandSideOfImportEquals(node as Identifier);
        }
        else if (isDeclarationName(node)) {
            return getMeaningFromDeclaration(parent);
        }
        else if (isEntityName(node) && findAncestor(node, or(isJSDocNameReference, isJSDocLinkLike, isJSDocMemberName))) {
            return SemanticMeaning.All;
        }
        else if (isTypeReference(node)) {
            return SemanticMeaning.Type;
        }
        else if (isNamespaceReference(node)) {
            return SemanticMeaning.Namespace;
        }
        else if (isTypeParameterDeclaration(parent)) {
            Debug.assert(isJSDocTemplateTag(parent.parent)); // Else would be handled by isDeclarationName
            return SemanticMeaning.Type;
        }
        else if (isLiteralTypeNode(parent)) {
            // This might be T["name"], which is actually referencing a property and not a type. So allow both meanings.
            return SemanticMeaning.Type | SemanticMeaning.Value;
        }
        else {
            return SemanticMeaning.Value;
        }
    }

    function getMeaningFromRightHandSideOfImportEquals(node: Node): SemanticMeaning {
        //     import a = |b|; // Namespace
        //     import a = |b.c|; // Value, type, namespace
        //     import a = |b.c|.d; // Namespace
        const name = node.kind === SyntaxKind.QualifiedName ? node : isQualifiedName(node.parent) && node.parent.right === node ? node.parent : undefined;
        return name && name.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.ImportEqualsDeclaration ? SemanticMeaning.All : SemanticMeaning.Namespace;
    }

    export function isInRightSideOfInternalImportEqualsDeclaration(node: Node) {
        while (node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.QualifiedName) {
            node = node.parent;
        }
        return isInternalModuleImportEqualsDeclaration(node.parent) && node.parent.moduleReference === node;
    }

    function isNamespaceReference(node: Node): boolean {
        return isQualifiedNameNamespaceReference(node) || isPropertyAccessNamespaceReference(node);
    }

    function isQualifiedNameNamespaceReference(node: Node): boolean {
        let root = node;
        let isLastClause = true;
        if (root.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.QualifiedName) {
            while (root.parent && root.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.QualifiedName) {
                root = root.parent;
            }

            isLastClause = (root as QualifiedName).right === node;
        }

        return root.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeReference && !isLastClause;
    }

    function isPropertyAccessNamespaceReference(node: Node): boolean {
        let root = node;
        let isLastClause = true;
        if (root.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.PropertyAccessExpression) {
            while (root.parent && root.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.PropertyAccessExpression) {
                root = root.parent;
            }

            isLastClause = (root as PropertyAccessExpression).name === node;
        }

        if (!isLastClause && root.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.ExpressionWithTypeArguments && root.parent.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.HeritageClause) {
            const decl = root.parent.parent.parent;
            return (decl.kind === SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration && (root.parent.parent as HeritageClause).token === SyntaxKind.ImplementsKeyword) ||
                (decl.kind === SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration && (root.parent.parent as HeritageClause).token === SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword);
        }

        return false;
    }

    function isTypeReference(node: Node): boolean {
        if (isRightSideOfQualifiedNameOrPropertyAccess(node)) {
            node = node.parent;
        }

        switch (node.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword:
                return !isExpressionNode(node);
            case SyntaxKind.ThisType:
                return true;
        }

        switch (node.parent.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.TypeReference:
                return true;
            case SyntaxKind.ImportType:
                return !(node.parent as ImportTypeNode).isTypeOf;
            case SyntaxKind.ExpressionWithTypeArguments:
                return isPartOfTypeNode(node.parent);
        }

        return false;
    }

    export function isCallExpressionTarget(node: Node, includeElementAccess = false, skipPastOuterExpressions = false): boolean {
        return isCalleeWorker(node, isCallExpression, selectExpressionOfCallOrNewExpressionOrDecorator, includeElementAccess, skipPastOuterExpressions);
    }

    export function isNewExpressionTarget(node: Node, includeElementAccess = false, skipPastOuterExpressions = false): boolean {
        return isCalleeWorker(node, isNewExpression, selectExpressionOfCallOrNewExpressionOrDecorator, includeElementAccess, skipPastOuterExpressions);
    }

    export function isCallOrNewExpressionTarget(node: Node, includeElementAccess = false, skipPastOuterExpressions = false): boolean {
        return isCalleeWorker(node, isCallOrNewExpression, selectExpressionOfCallOrNewExpressionOrDecorator, includeElementAccess, skipPastOuterExpressions);
    }

    export function isTaggedTemplateTag(node: Node, includeElementAccess = false, skipPastOuterExpressions = false): boolean {
        return isCalleeWorker(node, isTaggedTemplateExpression, selectTagOfTaggedTemplateExpression, includeElementAccess, skipPastOuterExpressions);
    }

    export function isDecoratorTarget(node: Node, includeElementAccess = false, skipPastOuterExpressions = false): boolean {
        return isCalleeWorker(node, isDecorator, selectExpressionOfCallOrNewExpressionOrDecorator, includeElementAccess, skipPastOuterExpressions);
    }

    export function isJsxOpeningLikeElementTagName(node: Node, includeElementAccess = false, skipPastOuterExpressions = false): boolean {
        return isCalleeWorker(node, isJsxOpeningLikeElement, selectTagNameOfJsxOpeningLikeElement, includeElementAccess, skipPastOuterExpressions);
    }

    function selectExpressionOfCallOrNewExpressionOrDecorator(node: CallExpression | NewExpression | Decorator) {
        return node.expression;
    }

    function selectTagOfTaggedTemplateExpression(node: TaggedTemplateExpression) {
        return node.tag;
    }

    function selectTagNameOfJsxOpeningLikeElement(node: JsxOpeningLikeElement) {
        return node.tagName;
    }

    function isCalleeWorker<T extends CallExpression | NewExpression | TaggedTemplateExpression | Decorator | JsxOpeningLikeElement>(node: Node, pred: (node: Node) => node is T, calleeSelector: (node: T) => Expression, includeElementAccess: boolean, skipPastOuterExpressions: boolean) {
        let target = includeElementAccess ? climbPastPropertyOrElementAccess(node) : climbPastPropertyAccess(node);
        if (skipPastOuterExpressions) {
            target = skipOuterExpressions(target);
        }
        return !!target && !!target.parent && pred(target.parent) && calleeSelector(target.parent) === target;
    }

    export function climbPastPropertyAccess(node: Node) {
        return isRightSideOfPropertyAccess(node) ? node.parent : node;
    }

    export function climbPastPropertyOrElementAccess(node: Node) {
        return isRightSideOfPropertyAccess(node) || isArgumentExpressionOfElementAccess(node) ? node.parent : node;
    }

    export function getTargetLabel(referenceNode: Node, labelName: string): Identifier | undefined {
        while (referenceNode) {
            if (referenceNode.kind === SyntaxKind.LabeledStatement && (referenceNode as LabeledStatement).label.escapedText === labelName) {
                return (referenceNode as LabeledStatement).label;
            }
            referenceNode = referenceNode.parent;
        }
        return undefined;
    }

    export function hasPropertyAccessExpressionWithName(node: CallExpression, funcName: string): boolean {
        if (!isPropertyAccessExpression(node.expression)) {
            return false;
        }

        return node.expression.name.text === funcName;
    }

    export function isJumpStatementTarget(node: Node): node is Identifier & { parent: BreakOrContinueStatement } {
        return isIdentifier(node) && tryCast(node.parent, isBreakOrContinueStatement)?.label === node;
    }

    export function isLabelOfLabeledStatement(node: Node): node is Identifier {
        return isIdentifier(node) && tryCast(node.parent, isLabeledStatement)?.label === node;
    }

    export function isLabelName(node: Node): boolean {
        return isLabelOfLabeledStatement(node) || isJumpStatementTarget(node);
    }

    export function isTagName(node: Node): boolean {
        return tryCast(node.parent, isJSDocTag)?.tagName === node;
    }

    export function isRightSideOfQualifiedName(node: Node) {
        return tryCast(node.parent, isQualifiedName)?.right === node;
    }

    export function isRightSideOfPropertyAccess(node: Node) {
        return tryCast(node.parent, isPropertyAccessExpression)?.name === node;
    }

    export function isArgumentExpressionOfElementAccess(node: Node) {
        return tryCast(node.parent, isElementAccessExpression)?.argumentExpression === node;
    }

    export function isNameOfModuleDeclaration(node: Node) {
        return tryCast(node.parent, isModuleDeclaration)?.name === node;
    }

    export function isNameOfFunctionDeclaration(node: Node): boolean {
        return isIdentifier(node) && tryCast(node.parent, isFunctionLike)?.name === node;
    }

    export function isLiteralNameOfPropertyDeclarationOrIndexAccess(node: StringLiteral | NumericLiteral | NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral): boolean {
        switch (node.parent.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.PropertyDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.PropertySignature:
            case SyntaxKind.PropertyAssignment:
            case SyntaxKind.EnumMember:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature:
            case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor:
            case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor:
            case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration:
                return getNameOfDeclaration(node.parent as Declaration) === node;
            case SyntaxKind.ElementAccessExpression:
                return (node.parent as ElementAccessExpression).argumentExpression === node;
            case SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName:
                return true;
            case SyntaxKind.LiteralType:
                return node.parent.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.IndexedAccessType;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    export function isExpressionOfExternalModuleImportEqualsDeclaration(node: Node) {
        return isExternalModuleImportEqualsDeclaration(node.parent.parent) &&
            getExternalModuleImportEqualsDeclarationExpression(node.parent.parent) === node;
    }

    export function getContainerNode(node: Node): Declaration | undefined {
        if (isJSDocTypeAlias(node)) {
            // This doesn't just apply to the node immediately under the comment, but to everything in its parent's scope.
            // node.parent = the JSDoc comment, node.parent.parent = the node having the comment.
            // Then we get parent again in the loop.
            node = node.parent.parent;
        }

        while (true) {
            node = node.parent;
            if (!node) {
                return undefined;
            }
            switch (node.kind) {
                case SyntaxKind.SourceFile:
                case SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature:
                case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
                case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor:
                case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor:
                case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.EnumDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration:
                    return node as Declaration;
            }
        }
    }

    export function getNodeKind(node: Node): ScriptElementKind {
        switch (node.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.SourceFile:
                return isExternalModule(node as SourceFile) ? ScriptElementKind.moduleElement : ScriptElementKind.scriptElement;
            case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration:
                return ScriptElementKind.moduleElement;
            case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.ClassExpression:
                return ScriptElementKind.classElement;
            case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration: return ScriptElementKind.interfaceElement;
            case SyntaxKind.TypeAliasDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.JSDocCallbackTag:
            case SyntaxKind.JSDocTypedefTag:
                return ScriptElementKind.typeElement;
            case SyntaxKind.EnumDeclaration: return ScriptElementKind.enumElement;
            case SyntaxKind.VariableDeclaration:
                return getKindOfVariableDeclaration(node as VariableDeclaration);
            case SyntaxKind.BindingElement:
                return getKindOfVariableDeclaration(getRootDeclaration(node) as VariableDeclaration);
            case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction:
            case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
                return ScriptElementKind.functionElement;
            case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor: return ScriptElementKind.memberGetAccessorElement;
            case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor: return ScriptElementKind.memberSetAccessorElement;
            case SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature:
                return ScriptElementKind.memberFunctionElement;
            case SyntaxKind.PropertyAssignment:
                const { initializer } = node as PropertyAssignment;
                return isFunctionLike(initializer) ? ScriptElementKind.memberFunctionElement : ScriptElementKind.memberVariableElement;
            case SyntaxKind.PropertyDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.PropertySignature:
            case SyntaxKind.ShorthandPropertyAssignment:
            case SyntaxKind.SpreadAssignment:
                return ScriptElementKind.memberVariableElement;
            case SyntaxKind.IndexSignature: return ScriptElementKind.indexSignatureElement;
            case SyntaxKind.ConstructSignature: return ScriptElementKind.constructSignatureElement;
            case SyntaxKind.CallSignature: return ScriptElementKind.callSignatureElement;
            case SyntaxKind.Constructor:
            case SyntaxKind.ClassStaticBlockDeclaration:
                return ScriptElementKind.constructorImplementationElement;
            case SyntaxKind.TypeParameter: return ScriptElementKind.typeParameterElement;
            case SyntaxKind.EnumMember: return ScriptElementKind.enumMemberElement;
            case SyntaxKind.Parameter: return hasSyntacticModifier(node, ModifierFlags.ParameterPropertyModifier) ? ScriptElementKind.memberVariableElement : ScriptElementKind.parameterElement;
            case SyntaxKind.ImportEqualsDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.ImportSpecifier:
            case SyntaxKind.ExportSpecifier:
            case SyntaxKind.NamespaceImport:
            case SyntaxKind.NamespaceExport:
                return ScriptElementKind.alias;
            case SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression:
                const kind = getAssignmentDeclarationKind(node as BinaryExpression);
                const { right } = node as BinaryExpression;
                switch (kind) {
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.ObjectDefinePropertyValue:
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.ObjectDefinePropertyExports:
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.ObjectDefinePrototypeProperty:
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.None:
                        return ScriptElementKind.unknown;
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.ExportsProperty:
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.ModuleExports:
                        const rightKind = getNodeKind(right);
                        return rightKind === ScriptElementKind.unknown ? ScriptElementKind.constElement : rightKind;
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.PrototypeProperty:
                        return isFunctionExpression(right) ? ScriptElementKind.memberFunctionElement : ScriptElementKind.memberVariableElement;
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.ThisProperty:
                        return ScriptElementKind.memberVariableElement; // property
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.Property:
                        // static method / property
                        return isFunctionExpression(right) ? ScriptElementKind.memberFunctionElement : ScriptElementKind.memberVariableElement;
                    case AssignmentDeclarationKind.Prototype:
                        return ScriptElementKind.localClassElement;
                    default: {
                        assertType<never>(kind);
                        return ScriptElementKind.unknown;
                    }
                }
            case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
                return isImportClause(node.parent) ? ScriptElementKind.alias : ScriptElementKind.unknown;
            case SyntaxKind.ExportAssignment:
                const scriptKind = getNodeKind((node as ExportAssignment).expression);
                // If the expression didn't come back with something (like it does for an identifiers)
                return scriptKind === ScriptElementKind.unknown ? ScriptElementKind.constElement : scriptKind;
            default:
                return ScriptElementKind.unknown;
        }

        function getKindOfVariableDeclaration(v: VariableDeclaration): ScriptElementKind {
            return isVarConst(v)
                ? ScriptElementKind.constElement
                : isLet(v)
                    ? ScriptElementKind.letElement
                    : ScriptElementKind.variableElement;
        }
    }

    export function isThis(node: Node): boolean {
        switch (node.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword:
                // case SyntaxKind.ThisType: TODO: GH#9267
                return true;
            case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
                // 'this' as a parameter
                return identifierIsThisKeyword(node as Identifier) && node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.Parameter;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    // Matches the beginning of a triple slash directive
    const tripleSlashDirectivePrefixRegex = /^\/\/\/\s*</;

    export interface ListItemInfo {
        listItemIndex: number;
        list: Node;
    }

    export function getLineStartPositionForPosition(position: number, sourceFile: SourceFileLike): number {
        const lineStarts = getLineStarts(sourceFile);
        const line = sourceFile.getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(position).line;
        return lineStarts[line];
    }

    export function rangeContainsRange(r1: TextRange, r2: TextRange): boolean {
        return startEndContainsRange(r1.pos, r1.end, r2);
    }

    export function rangeContainsRangeExclusive(r1: TextRange, r2: TextRange): boolean {
        return rangeContainsPositionExclusive(r1, r2.pos) && rangeContainsPositionExclusive(r1, r2.end);
    }

    export function rangeContainsPosition(r: TextRange, pos: number): boolean {
        return r.pos <= pos && pos <= r.end;
    }

    export function rangeContainsPositionExclusive(r: TextRange, pos: number) {
        return r.pos < pos && pos < r.end;
    }

    export function startEndContainsRange(start: number, end: number, range: TextRange): boolean {
        return start <= range.pos && end >= range.end;
    }

    export function rangeContainsStartEnd(range: TextRange, start: number, end: number): boolean {
        return range.pos <= start && range.end >= end;
    }

    export function rangeOverlapsWithStartEnd(r1: TextRange, start: number, end: number) {
        return startEndOverlapsWithStartEnd(r1.pos, r1.end, start, end);
    }

    export function nodeOverlapsWithStartEnd(node: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile, start: number, end: number) {
        return startEndOverlapsWithStartEnd(node.getStart(sourceFile), node.end, start, end);
    }

    export function startEndOverlapsWithStartEnd(start1: number, end1: number, start2: number, end2: number) {
        const start = Math.max(start1, start2);
        const end = Math.min(end1, end2);
        return start < end;
    }

    /**
     * Assumes `candidate.start <= position` holds.
     */
    export function positionBelongsToNode(candidate: Node, position: number, sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        Debug.assert(candidate.pos <= position);
        return position < candidate.end || !isCompletedNode(candidate, sourceFile);
    }

    function isCompletedNode(n: Node | undefined, sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        if (n === undefined || nodeIsMissing(n)) {
            return false;
        }

        switch (n.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.EnumDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.ObjectLiteralExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.ObjectBindingPattern:
            case SyntaxKind.TypeLiteral:
            case SyntaxKind.Block:
            case SyntaxKind.ModuleBlock:
            case SyntaxKind.CaseBlock:
            case SyntaxKind.NamedImports:
            case SyntaxKind.NamedExports:
                return nodeEndsWith(n, SyntaxKind.CloseBraceToken, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.CatchClause:
                return isCompletedNode((n as CatchClause).block, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.NewExpression:
                if (!(n as NewExpression).arguments) {
                    return true;
                }
            // falls through

            case SyntaxKind.CallExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedType:
                return nodeEndsWith(n, SyntaxKind.CloseParenToken, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.FunctionType:
            case SyntaxKind.ConstructorType:
                return isCompletedNode((n as SignatureDeclaration).type, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.Constructor:
            case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor:
            case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor:
            case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature:
            case SyntaxKind.ConstructSignature:
            case SyntaxKind.CallSignature:
            case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction:
                if ((n as FunctionLikeDeclaration).body) {
                    return isCompletedNode((n as FunctionLikeDeclaration).body, sourceFile);
                }

                if ((n as FunctionLikeDeclaration).type) {
                    return isCompletedNode((n as FunctionLikeDeclaration).type, sourceFile);
                }

                // Even though type parameters can be unclosed, we can get away with
                // having at least a closing paren.
                return hasChildOfKind(n, SyntaxKind.CloseParenToken, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration:
                return !!(n as ModuleDeclaration).body && isCompletedNode((n as ModuleDeclaration).body, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.IfStatement:
                if ((n as IfStatement).elseStatement) {
                    return isCompletedNode((n as IfStatement).elseStatement, sourceFile);
                }
                return isCompletedNode((n as IfStatement).thenStatement, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.ExpressionStatement:
                return isCompletedNode((n as ExpressionStatement).expression, sourceFile) ||
                    hasChildOfKind(n, SyntaxKind.SemicolonToken, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.ArrayLiteralExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.ArrayBindingPattern:
            case SyntaxKind.ElementAccessExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName:
            case SyntaxKind.TupleType:
                return nodeEndsWith(n, SyntaxKind.CloseBracketToken, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.IndexSignature:
                if ((n as IndexSignatureDeclaration).type) {
                    return isCompletedNode((n as IndexSignatureDeclaration).type, sourceFile);
                }

                return hasChildOfKind(n, SyntaxKind.CloseBracketToken, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.CaseClause:
            case SyntaxKind.DefaultClause:
                // there is no such thing as terminator token for CaseClause/DefaultClause so for simplicity always consider them non-completed
                return false;

            case SyntaxKind.ForStatement:
            case SyntaxKind.ForInStatement:
            case SyntaxKind.ForOfStatement:
            case SyntaxKind.WhileStatement:
                return isCompletedNode((n as IterationStatement).statement, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.DoStatement:
                // rough approximation: if DoStatement has While keyword - then if node is completed is checking the presence of ')';
                return hasChildOfKind(n, SyntaxKind.WhileKeyword, sourceFile)
                    ? nodeEndsWith(n, SyntaxKind.CloseParenToken, sourceFile)
                    : isCompletedNode((n as DoStatement).statement, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.TypeQuery:
                return isCompletedNode((n as TypeQueryNode).exprName, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.TypeOfExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.DeleteExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.VoidExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.YieldExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.SpreadElement:
                const unaryWordExpression = n as (TypeOfExpression | DeleteExpression | VoidExpression | YieldExpression | SpreadElement);
                return isCompletedNode(unaryWordExpression.expression, sourceFile);

            case SyntaxKind.TaggedTemplateExpression:
                return isCompletedNode((n as TaggedTemplateExpression).template, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.TemplateExpression:
                const lastSpan = lastOrUndefined((n as TemplateExpression).templateSpans);
                return isCompletedNode(lastSpan, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.TemplateSpan:
                return nodeIsPresent((n as TemplateSpan).literal);

            case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration:
            case SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration:
                return nodeIsPresent((n as ExportDeclaration | ImportDeclaration).moduleSpecifier);

            case SyntaxKind.PrefixUnaryExpression:
                return isCompletedNode((n as PrefixUnaryExpression).operand, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression:
                return isCompletedNode((n as BinaryExpression).right, sourceFile);
            case SyntaxKind.ConditionalExpression:
                return isCompletedNode((n as ConditionalExpression).whenFalse, sourceFile);

            default:
                return true;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Checks if node ends with 'expectedLastToken'.
     * If child at position 'length - 1' is 'SemicolonToken' it is skipped and 'expectedLastToken' is compared with child at position 'length - 2'.
     */
    function nodeEndsWith(n: Node, expectedLastToken: SyntaxKind, sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        const children = n.getChildren(sourceFile);
        if (children.length) {
            const lastChild = last(children);
            if (lastChild.kind === expectedLastToken) {
                return true;
            }
            else if (lastChild.kind === SyntaxKind.SemicolonToken && children.length !== 1) {
                return children[children.length - 2].kind === expectedLastToken;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    export function findListItemInfo(node: Node): ListItemInfo | undefined {
        const list = findContainingList(node);

        // It is possible at this point for syntaxList to be undefined, either if
        // node.parent had no list child, or if none of its list children contained
        // the span of node. If this happens, return undefined. The caller should
        // handle this case.
        if (!list) {
            return undefined;
        }

        const children = list.getChildren();
        const listItemIndex = indexOfNode(children, node);

        return {
            listItemIndex,
            list
        };
    }

    export function hasChildOfKind(n: Node, kind: SyntaxKind, sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        return !!findChildOfKind(n, kind, sourceFile);
    }

    export function findChildOfKind<T extends Node>(n: Node, kind: T["kind"], sourceFile: SourceFileLike): T | undefined {
        return find(n.getChildren(sourceFile), (c): c is T => c.kind === kind);
    }

    export function findContainingList(node: Node): SyntaxList | undefined {
        // The node might be a list element (nonsynthetic) or a comma (synthetic). Either way, it will
        // be parented by the container of the SyntaxList, not the SyntaxList itself.
        // In order to find the list item index, we first need to locate SyntaxList itself and then search
        // for the position of the relevant node (or comma).
        const syntaxList = find(node.parent.getChildren(), (c): c is SyntaxList => isSyntaxList(c) && rangeContainsRange(c, node));
        // Either we didn't find an appropriate list, or the list must contain us.
        Debug.assert(!syntaxList || contains(syntaxList.getChildren(), node));
        return syntaxList;
    }

    function isDefaultModifier(node: Node) {
        return node.kind === SyntaxKind.DefaultKeyword;
    }

    function isClassKeyword(node: Node) {
        return node.kind === SyntaxKind.ClassKeyword;
    }

    function isFunctionKeyword(node: Node) {
        return node.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionKeyword;
    }

    function getAdjustedLocationForClass(node: ClassDeclaration | ClassExpression) {
        if (isNamedDeclaration(node)) {
            return node.name;
        }
        if (isClassDeclaration(node)) {
            // for class and function declarations, use the `default` modifier
            // when the declaration is unnamed.
            const defaultModifier = node.modifiers && find(node.modifiers, isDefaultModifier);
            if (defaultModifier) return defaultModifier;
        }
        if (isClassExpression(node)) {
            // for class expressions, use the `class` keyword when the class is unnamed
            const classKeyword = find(node.getChildren(), isClassKeyword);
            if (classKeyword) return classKeyword;
        }
    }

    function getAdjustedLocationForFunction(node: FunctionDeclaration | FunctionExpression) {
        if (isNamedDeclaration(node)) {
            return node.name;
        }
        if (isFunctionDeclaration(node)) {
            // for class and function declarations, use the `default` modifier
            // when the declaration is unnamed.
            const defaultModifier = find(node.modifiers!, isDefaultModifier);
            if (defaultModifier) return defaultModifier;
        }
        if (isFunctionExpression(node)) {
            // for function expressions, use the `function` keyword when the function is unnamed
            const functionKeyword = find(node.getChildren(), isFunctionKeyword);
            if (functionKeyword) return functionKeyword;
        }
    }

    function getAncestorTypeNode(node: Node) {
        let lastTypeNode: TypeNode | undefined;
        findAncestor(node, a => {
            if (isTypeNode(a)) {
                lastTypeNode = a;
            }
            return !isQualifiedName(a.parent) && !isTypeNode(a.parent) && !isTypeElement(a.parent);
        });
        return lastTypeNode;
    }

    export function getContextualTypeFromParentOrAncestorTypeNode(node: Expression, checker: TypeChecker): Type | undefined {
        const contextualType = getContextualTypeFromParent(node, checker);
        if (contextualType) return contextualType;

        const ancestorTypeNode = getAncestorTypeNode(node);
        return ancestorTypeNode && checker.getTypeAtLocation(ancestorTypeNode);
    }

    function getAdjustedLocationForDeclaration(node: Node, forRename: boolean) {
        if (!forRename) {
            switch (node.kind) {
                case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.ClassExpression:
                    return getAdjustedLocationForClass(node as ClassDeclaration | ClassExpression);
                case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
                case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
                    return getAdjustedLocationForFunction(node as FunctionDeclaration | FunctionExpression);
            }
        }
        if (isNamedDeclaration(node)) {
            return node.name;
        }
    }

    function getAdjustedLocationForImportDeclaration(node: ImportDeclaration, forRename: boolean) {
        if (node.importClause) {
            if (node.importClause.name && node.importClause.namedBindings) {
                // do not adjust if we have both a name and named bindings
                return;
            }

            // /**/import [|name|] from ...;
            // import /**/type [|name|] from ...;
            if (node.importClause.name) {
                return node.importClause.name;
            }

            // /**/import { [|name|] } from ...;
            // /**/import { propertyName as [|name|] } from ...;
            // /**/import * as [|name|] from ...;
            // import /**/type { [|name|] } from ...;
            // import /**/type { propertyName as [|name|] } from ...;
            // import /**/type * as [|name|] from ...;
            if (node.importClause.namedBindings) {
                if (isNamedImports(node.importClause.namedBindings)) {
                    // do nothing if there is more than one binding
                    const onlyBinding = singleOrUndefined(node.importClause.namedBindings.elements);
                    if (!onlyBinding) {
                        return;
                    }
                    return onlyBinding.name;
                }
                else if (isNamespaceImport(node.importClause.namedBindings)) {
                    return node.importClause.namedBindings.name;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!forRename) {
            // /**/import "[|module|]";
            // /**/import ... from "[|module|]";
            // import /**/type ... from "[|module|]";
            return node.moduleSpecifier;
        }
    }

    function getAdjustedLocationForExportDeclaration(node: ExportDeclaration, forRename: boolean) {
        if (node.exportClause) {
            // /**/export { [|name|] } ...
            // /**/export { propertyName as [|name|] } ...
            // /**/export * as [|name|] ...
            // export /**/type { [|name|] } from ...
            // export /**/type { propertyName as [|name|] } from ...
            // export /**/type * as [|name|] ...
            if (isNamedExports(node.exportClause)) {
                // do nothing if there is more than one binding
                const onlyBinding = singleOrUndefined(node.exportClause.elements);
                if (!onlyBinding) {
                    return;
                }
                return node.exportClause.elements[0].name;
            }
            else if (isNamespaceExport(node.exportClause)) {
                return node.exportClause.name;
            }
        }
        if (!forRename) {
            // /**/export * from "[|module|]";
            // export /**/type * from "[|module|]";
            return node.moduleSpecifier;
        }
    }

    function getAdjustedLocationForHeritageClause(node: HeritageClause) {
        // /**/extends [|name|]
        // /**/implements [|name|]
        if (node.types.length === 1) {
            return node.types[0].expression;
        }

        // /**/extends name1, name2 ...
        // /**/implements name1, name2 ...
    }

    function getAdjustedLocation(node: Node, forRename: boolean): Node {
        const { parent } = node;
        // /**/<modifier> [|name|] ...
        // /**/<modifier> <class|interface|type|enum|module|namespace|function|get|set> [|name|] ...
        // /**/<class|interface|type|enum|module|namespace|function|get|set> [|name|] ...
        // /**/import [|name|] = ...
        //
        // NOTE: If the node is a modifier, we don't adjust its location if it is the `default` modifier as that is handled
        // specially by `getSymbolAtLocation`.
        if (isModifier(node) && (forRename || node.kind !== SyntaxKind.DefaultKeyword) ? contains(parent.modifiers, node) :
            node.kind === SyntaxKind.ClassKeyword ? isClassDeclaration(parent) || isClassExpression(node) :
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionKeyword ? isFunctionDeclaration(parent) || isFunctionExpression(node) :
                    node.kind === SyntaxKind.InterfaceKeyword ? isInterfaceDeclaration(parent) :
                        node.kind === SyntaxKind.EnumKeyword ? isEnumDeclaration(parent) :
                            node.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeKeyword ? isTypeAliasDeclaration(parent) :
                                node.kind === SyntaxKind.NamespaceKeyword || node.kind === SyntaxKind.ModuleKeyword ? isModuleDeclaration(parent) :
                                    node.kind === SyntaxKind.ImportKeyword ? isImportEqualsDeclaration(parent) :
                                        node.kind === SyntaxKind.GetKeyword ? isGetAccessorDeclaration(parent) :
                                            node.kind === SyntaxKind.SetKeyword && isSetAccessorDeclaration(parent)) {
            const location = getAdjustedLocationForDeclaration(parent, forRename);
            if (location) {
                return location;
            }
        }
        // /**/<var|let|const> [|name|] ...
        if ((node.kind === SyntaxKind.VarKeyword || node.kind === SyntaxKind.ConstKeyword || node.kind === SyntaxKind.LetKeyword) &&
            isVariableDeclarationList(parent) && parent.declarations.length === 1) {
            const decl = parent.declarations[0];
            if (isIdentifier(decl.name)) {
                return decl.name;
            }
        }
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeKeyword) {
            // import /**/type [|name|] from ...;
            // import /**/type { [|name|] } from ...;
            // import /**/type { propertyName as [|name|] } from ...;
            // import /**/type ... from "[|module|]";
            if (isImportClause(parent) && parent.isTypeOnly) {
                const location = getAdjustedLocationForImportDeclaration(parent.parent, forRename);
                if (location) {
                    return location;
                }
            }
            // export /**/type { [|name|] } from ...;
            // export /**/type { propertyName as [|name|] } from ...;
            // export /**/type * from "[|module|]";
            // export /**/type * as ... from "[|module|]";
            if (isExportDeclaration(parent) && parent.isTypeOnly) {
                const location = getAdjustedLocationForExportDeclaration(parent, forRename);
                if (location) {
                    return location;
                }
            }
        }
        // import { propertyName /**/as [|name|] } ...
        // import * /**/as [|name|] ...
        // export { propertyName /**/as [|name|] } ...
        // export * /**/as [|name|] ...
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.AsKeyword) {
            if (isImportSpecifier(parent) && parent.propertyName ||
                isExportSpecifier(parent) && parent.propertyName ||
                isNamespaceImport(parent) ||
                isNamespaceExport(parent)) {
                return parent.name;
            }
            if (isExportDeclaration(parent) && parent.exportClause && isNamespaceExport(parent.exportClause)) {
                return parent.exportClause.name;
            }
        }
        // /**/import [|name|] from ...;
        // /**/import { [|name|] } from ...;
        // /**/import { propertyName as [|name|] } from ...;
        // /**/import ... from "[|module|]";
        // /**/import "[|module|]";
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.ImportKeyword && isImportDeclaration(parent)) {
            const location = getAdjustedLocationForImportDeclaration(parent, forRename);
            if (location) {
                return location;
            }
        }
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword) {
            // /**/export { [|name|] } ...;
            // /**/export { propertyName as [|name|] } ...;
            // /**/export * from "[|module|]";
            // /**/export * as ... from "[|module|]";
            if (isExportDeclaration(parent)) {
                const location = getAdjustedLocationForExportDeclaration(parent, forRename);
                if (location) {
                    return location;
                }
            }
            // NOTE: We don't adjust the location of the `default` keyword as that is handled specially by `getSymbolAtLocation`.
            // /**/export default [|name|];
            // /**/export = [|name|];
            if (isExportAssignment(parent)) {
                return skipOuterExpressions(parent.expression);
            }
        }
        // import name = /**/require("[|module|]");
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.RequireKeyword && isExternalModuleReference(parent)) {
            return parent.expression;
        }
        // import ... /**/from "[|module|]";
        // export ... /**/from "[|module|]";
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.FromKeyword && (isImportDeclaration(parent) || isExportDeclaration(parent)) && parent.moduleSpecifier) {
            return parent.moduleSpecifier;
        }
        // class ... /**/extends [|name|] ...
        // class ... /**/implements [|name|] ...
        // class ... /**/implements name1, name2 ...
        // interface ... /**/extends [|name|] ...
        // interface ... /**/extends name1, name2 ...
        if ((node.kind === SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword || node.kind === SyntaxKind.ImplementsKeyword) && isHeritageClause(parent) && parent.token === node.kind) {
            const location = getAdjustedLocationForHeritageClause(parent);
            if (location) {
                return location;
            }
        }
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword) {
            // ... <T /**/extends [|U|]> ...
            if (isTypeParameterDeclaration(parent) && parent.constraint && isTypeReferenceNode(parent.constraint)) {
                return parent.constraint.typeName;
            }
            // ... T /**/extends [|U|] ? ...
            if (isConditionalTypeNode(parent) && isTypeReferenceNode(parent.extendsType)) {
                return parent.extendsType.typeName;
            }
        }
        // ... T extends /**/infer [|U|] ? ...
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.InferKeyword && isInferTypeNode(parent)) {
            return parent.typeParameter.name;
        }
        // { [ [|K|] /**/in keyof T]: ... }
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.InKeyword && isTypeParameterDeclaration(parent) && isMappedTypeNode(parent.parent)) {
            return parent.name;
        }
        // /**/keyof [|T|]
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.KeyOfKeyword && isTypeOperatorNode(parent) && parent.operator === SyntaxKind.KeyOfKeyword &&
            isTypeReferenceNode(parent.type)) {
            return parent.type.typeName;
        }
        // /**/readonly [|name|][]
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword && isTypeOperatorNode(parent) && parent.operator === SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword &&
            isArrayTypeNode(parent.type) && isTypeReferenceNode(parent.type.elementType)) {
            return parent.type.elementType.typeName;
        }
        if (!forRename) {
            // /**/new [|name|]
            // /**/void [|name|]
            // /**/void obj.[|name|]
            // /**/typeof [|name|]
            // /**/typeof obj.[|name|]
            // /**/await [|name|]
            // /**/await obj.[|name|]
            // /**/yield [|name|]
            // /**/yield obj.[|name|]
            // /**/delete obj.[|name|]
            if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.NewKeyword && isNewExpression(parent) ||
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.VoidKeyword && isVoidExpression(parent) ||
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeOfKeyword && isTypeOfExpression(parent) ||
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.AwaitKeyword && isAwaitExpression(parent) ||
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.YieldKeyword && isYieldExpression(parent) ||
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.DeleteKeyword && isDeleteExpression(parent)) {
                if (parent.expression) {
                    return skipOuterExpressions(parent.expression);
                }
            }
            // left /**/in [|name|]
            // left /**/instanceof [|name|]
            if ((node.kind === SyntaxKind.InKeyword || node.kind === SyntaxKind.InstanceOfKeyword) && isBinaryExpression(parent) && parent.operatorToken === node) {
                return skipOuterExpressions(parent.right);
            }
            // left /**/as [|name|]
            if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.AsKeyword && isAsExpression(parent) && isTypeReferenceNode(parent.type)) {
                return parent.type.typeName;
            }
            // for (... /**/in [|name|])
            // for (... /**/of [|name|])
            if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.InKeyword && isForInStatement(parent) ||
                node.kind === SyntaxKind.OfKeyword && isForOfStatement(parent)) {
                return skipOuterExpressions(parent.expression);
            }
        }
        return node;
    }

    /**
     * Adjusts the location used for "find references" and "go to definition" when the cursor was not
     * on a property name.
     */
    export function getAdjustedReferenceLocation(node: Node): Node {
        return getAdjustedLocation(node, /*forRename*/ false);
    }

    /**
     * Adjusts the location used for "rename" when the cursor was not on a property name.
     */
    export function getAdjustedRenameLocation(node: Node): Node {
        return getAdjustedLocation(node, /*forRename*/ true);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the token whose text has range [start, end) and
     * position >= start and (position < end or (position === end && token is literal or keyword or identifier))
     */
    export function getTouchingPropertyName(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): Node {
        return getTouchingToken(sourceFile, position, n => isPropertyNameLiteral(n) || isKeyword(n.kind) || isPrivateIdentifier(n));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the token if position is in [start, end).
     * If position === end, returns the preceding token if includeItemAtEndPosition(previousToken) === true
     */
    export function getTouchingToken(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number, includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition?: (n: Node) => boolean): Node {
        return getTokenAtPositionWorker(sourceFile, position, /*allowPositionInLeadingTrivia*/ false, includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition, /*includeEndPosition*/ false);
    }

    /** Returns a token if position is in [start-of-leading-trivia, end) */
    export function getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): Node {
        return getTokenAtPositionWorker(sourceFile, position, /*allowPositionInLeadingTrivia*/ true, /*includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition*/ undefined, /*includeEndPosition*/ false);
    }

    /** Get the token whose text contains the position */
    function getTokenAtPositionWorker(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number, allowPositionInLeadingTrivia: boolean, includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition: ((n: Node) => boolean) | undefined, includeEndPosition: boolean): Node {
        let current: Node = sourceFile;
        let foundToken: Node | undefined;
        outer: while (true) {
            // find the child that contains 'position'

            const children = current.getChildren(sourceFile);
            const i = binarySearchKey(children, position, (_, i) => i, (middle, _) => {
                // This last callback is more of a selector than a comparator -
                // `EqualTo` causes the `middle` result to be returned
                // `GreaterThan` causes recursion on the left of the middle
                // `LessThan` causes recursion on the right of the middle

                // Let's say you have 3 nodes, spanning positons
                // pos: 1, end: 3
                // pos: 3, end: 3
                // pos: 3, end: 5
                // and you're looking for the token at positon 3 - all 3 of these nodes are overlapping with position 3.
                // In fact, there's a _good argument_ that node 2 shouldn't even be allowed to exist - depending on if
                // the start or end of the ranges are considered inclusive, it's either wholly subsumed by the first or the last node.
                // Unfortunately, such nodes do exist. :( - See fourslash/completionsImport_tsx.tsx - empty jsx attributes create
                // a zero-length node.
                // What also you may not expect is that which node we return depends on the includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition flag.
                // Specifically, if includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition is set, we return the 1-3 node, while if it's unset, we
                // return the 3-5 node. (The zero length node is never correct.) This is because the includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition
                // flag causes us to return the first node whose end position matches the position and which produces and acceptable token
                // kind. Meanwhile, if includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition is unset, we look for the first node whose start is <= the
                // position and whose end is greater than the position.


                const start = allowPositionInLeadingTrivia ? children[middle].getFullStart() : children[middle].getStart(sourceFile, /*includeJsDoc*/ true);
                if (start > position) {
                    return Comparison.GreaterThan;
                }

                // first element whose start position is before the input and whose end position is after or equal to the input
                if (nodeContainsPosition(children[middle])) {
                    if (children[middle - 1]) {
                        // we want the _first_ element that contains the position, so left-recur if the prior node also contains the position
                        if (nodeContainsPosition(children[middle - 1])) {
                            return Comparison.GreaterThan;
                        }
                    }
                    return Comparison.EqualTo;
                }

                // this complex condition makes us left-recur around a zero-length node when includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition is set, rather than right-recur on it
                if (includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition && start === position && children[middle - 1] && children[middle - 1].getEnd() === position && nodeContainsPosition(children[middle - 1])) {
                    return Comparison.GreaterThan;
                }
                return Comparison.LessThan;
            });

            if (foundToken) {
                return foundToken;
            }
            if (i >= 0 && children[i]) {
                current = children[i];
                continue outer;
            }

            return current;
        }

        function nodeContainsPosition(node: Node) {
            const start = allowPositionInLeadingTrivia ? node.getFullStart() : node.getStart(sourceFile, /*includeJsDoc*/ true);
            if (start > position) {
                // If this child begins after position, then all subsequent children will as well.
                return false;
            }
            const end = node.getEnd();
            if (position < end || (position === end && (node.kind === SyntaxKind.EndOfFileToken || includeEndPosition))) {
                return true;
            }
            else if (includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition && end === position) {
                const previousToken = findPrecedingToken(position, sourceFile, node);
                if (previousToken && includePrecedingTokenAtEndPosition(previousToken)) {
                    foundToken = previousToken;
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first token where position is in [start, end),
     * excluding `JsxText` tokens containing only whitespace.
     */
    export function findFirstNonJsxWhitespaceToken(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): Node | undefined {
        let tokenAtPosition = getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position);
        while (isWhiteSpaceOnlyJsxText(tokenAtPosition)) {
            const nextToken = findNextToken(tokenAtPosition, tokenAtPosition.parent, sourceFile);
            if (!nextToken) return;
            tokenAtPosition = nextToken;
        }
        return tokenAtPosition;
    }

    /**
     * The token on the left of the position is the token that strictly includes the position
     * or sits to the left of the cursor if it is on a boundary. For example
     *
     *   fo|o               -> will return foo
     *   foo <comment> |bar -> will return foo
     *
     */
    export function findTokenOnLeftOfPosition(file: SourceFile, position: number): Node | undefined {
        // Ideally, getTokenAtPosition should return a token. However, it is currently
        // broken, so we do a check to make sure the result was indeed a token.
        const tokenAtPosition = getTokenAtPosition(file, position);
        if (isToken(tokenAtPosition) && position > tokenAtPosition.getStart(file) && position < tokenAtPosition.getEnd()) {
            return tokenAtPosition;
        }

        return findPrecedingToken(position, file);
    }

    export function findNextToken(previousToken: Node, parent: Node, sourceFile: SourceFileLike): Node | undefined {
        return find(parent);

        function find(n: Node): Node | undefined {
            if (isToken(n) && n.pos === previousToken.end) {
                // this is token that starts at the end of previous token - return it
                return n;
            }
            return firstDefined(n.getChildren(sourceFile), child => {
                const shouldDiveInChildNode =
                    // previous token is enclosed somewhere in the child
                    (child.pos <= previousToken.pos && child.end > previousToken.end) ||
                    // previous token ends exactly at the beginning of child
                    (child.pos === previousToken.end);
                return shouldDiveInChildNode && nodeHasTokens(child, sourceFile) ? find(child) : undefined;
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Finds the rightmost token satisfying `token.end <= position`,
     * excluding `JsxText` tokens containing only whitespace.
     */
    export function findPrecedingToken(position: number, sourceFile: SourceFileLike, startNode: Node, excludeJsdoc?: boolean): Node | undefined;
    export function findPrecedingToken(position: number, sourceFile: SourceFile, startNode?: Node, excludeJsdoc?: boolean): Node | undefined;
    export function findPrecedingToken(position: number, sourceFile: SourceFileLike, startNode?: Node, excludeJsdoc?: boolean): Node | undefined {
        const result = find((startNode || sourceFile) as Node);
        Debug.assert(!(result && isWhiteSpaceOnlyJsxText(result)));
        return result;

        function find(n: Node): Node | undefined {
            if (isNonWhitespaceToken(n) && n.kind !== SyntaxKind.EndOfFileToken) {
                return n;
            }

            const children = n.getChildren(sourceFile);
            const i = binarySearchKey(children, position, (_, i) => i, (middle, _) => {
                // This last callback is more of a selector than a comparator -
                // `EqualTo` causes the `middle` result to be returned
                // `GreaterThan` causes recursion on the left of the middle
                // `LessThan` causes recursion on the right of the middle
                if (position < children[middle].end) {
                    // first element whose end position is greater than the input position
                    if (!children[middle - 1] || position >= children[middle - 1].end) {
                        return Comparison.EqualTo;
                    }
                    return Comparison.GreaterThan;
                }
                return Comparison.LessThan;
            });
            if (i >= 0 && children[i]) {
                const child = children[i];
                // Note that the span of a node's tokens is [node.getStart(...), node.end).
                // Given that `position < child.end` and child has constituent tokens, we distinguish these cases:
                // 1) `position` precedes `child`'s tokens or `child` has no tokens (ie: in a comment or whitespace preceding `child`):
                // we need to find the last token in a previous child.
                // 2) `position` is within the same span: we recurse on `child`.
                if (position < child.end) {
                    const start = child.getStart(sourceFile, /*includeJsDoc*/ !excludeJsdoc);
                    const lookInPreviousChild =
                        (start >= position) || // cursor in the leading trivia
                        !nodeHasTokens(child, sourceFile) ||
                        isWhiteSpaceOnlyJsxText(child);

                    if (lookInPreviousChild) {
                        // actual start of the node is past the position - previous token should be at the end of previous child
                        const candidate = findRightmostChildNodeWithTokens(children, /*exclusiveStartPosition*/ i, sourceFile, n.kind);
                        return candidate && findRightmostToken(candidate, sourceFile);
                    }
                    else {
                        // candidate should be in this node
                        return find(child);
                    }
                }
            }

            Debug.assert(startNode !== undefined || n.kind === SyntaxKind.SourceFile || n.kind === SyntaxKind.EndOfFileToken || isJSDocCommentContainingNode(n));

            // Here we know that none of child token nodes embrace the position,
            // the only known case is when position is at the end of the file.
            // Try to find the rightmost token in the file without filtering.
            // Namely we are skipping the check: 'position < node.end'
            const candidate = findRightmostChildNodeWithTokens(children, /*exclusiveStartPosition*/ children.length, sourceFile, n.kind);
            return candidate && findRightmostToken(candidate, sourceFile);
        }
    }

    function isNonWhitespaceToken(n: Node): boolean {
        return isToken(n) && !isWhiteSpaceOnlyJsxText(n);
    }

    function findRightmostToken(n: Node, sourceFile: SourceFileLike): Node | undefined {
        if (isNonWhitespaceToken(n)) {
            return n;
        }

        const children = n.getChildren(sourceFile);
        if (children.length === 0) {
            return n;
        }

        const candidate = findRightmostChildNodeWithTokens(children, /*exclusiveStartPosition*/ children.length, sourceFile, n.kind);
        return candidate && findRightmostToken(candidate, sourceFile);
    }

    /**
     * Finds the rightmost child to the left of `children[exclusiveStartPosition]` which is a non-all-whitespace token or has constituent tokens.
     */
    function findRightmostChildNodeWithTokens(children: Node[], exclusiveStartPosition: number, sourceFile: SourceFileLike, parentKind: SyntaxKind): Node | undefined {
        for (let i = exclusiveStartPosition - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            const child = children[i];

            if (isWhiteSpaceOnlyJsxText(child)) {
                if (i === 0 && (parentKind === SyntaxKind.JsxText || parentKind === SyntaxKind.JsxSelfClosingElement)) {
                    Debug.fail("`JsxText` tokens should not be the first child of `JsxElement | JsxSelfClosingElement`");
                }
            }
            else if (nodeHasTokens(children[i], sourceFile)) {
                return children[i];
            }
        }
    }

    export function isInString(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number, previousToken = findPrecedingToken(position, sourceFile)): boolean {
        if (previousToken && isStringTextContainingNode(previousToken)) {
            const start = previousToken.getStart(sourceFile);
            const end = previousToken.getEnd();

            // To be "in" one of these literals, the position has to be:
            //   1. entirely within the token text.
            //   2. at the end position of an unterminated token.
            //   3. at the end of a regular expression (due to trailing flags like '/foo/g').
            if (start < position && position < end) {
                return true;
            }

            if (position === end) {
                return !!(previousToken as LiteralExpression).isUnterminated;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * returns true if the position is in between the open and close elements of an JSX expression.
     */
    export function isInsideJsxElementOrAttribute(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number) {
        const token = getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position);

        if (!token) {
            return false;
        }

        if (token.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxText) {
            return true;
        }

        // <div>Hello |</div>
        if (token.kind === SyntaxKind.LessThanToken && token.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxText) {
            return true;
        }

        // <div> { | </div> or <div a={| </div>
        if (token.kind === SyntaxKind.LessThanToken && token.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxExpression) {
            return true;
        }

        // <div> {
        // |
        // } < /div>
        if (token && token.kind === SyntaxKind.CloseBraceToken && token.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxExpression) {
            return true;
        }

        // <div>|</div>
        if (token.kind === SyntaxKind.LessThanToken && token.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxClosingElement) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    function isWhiteSpaceOnlyJsxText(node: Node): boolean {
        return isJsxText(node) && node.containsOnlyTriviaWhiteSpaces;
    }

    export function isInTemplateString(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number) {
        const token = getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position);
        return isTemplateLiteralKind(token.kind) && position > token.getStart(sourceFile);
    }

    export function isInJSXText(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number) {
        const token = getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position);
        if (isJsxText(token)) {
            return true;
        }
        if (token.kind === SyntaxKind.OpenBraceToken && isJsxExpression(token.parent) && isJsxElement(token.parent.parent)) {
            return true;
        }
        if (token.kind === SyntaxKind.LessThanToken && isJsxOpeningLikeElement(token.parent) && isJsxElement(token.parent.parent)) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    export function isInsideJsxElement(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): boolean {
        function isInsideJsxElementTraversal(node: Node): boolean {
            while (node) {
                if (node.kind >= SyntaxKind.JsxSelfClosingElement && node.kind <= SyntaxKind.JsxExpression
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxText
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.LessThanToken
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.GreaterThanToken
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.CloseBraceToken
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.OpenBraceToken
                    || node.kind === SyntaxKind.SlashToken) {
                    node = node.parent;
                }
                else if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxElement) {
                    if (position > node.getStart(sourceFile)) return true;

                    node = node.parent;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        return isInsideJsxElementTraversal(getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position));
    }

    export function findPrecedingMatchingToken(token: Node, matchingTokenKind: SyntaxKind.OpenBraceToken | SyntaxKind.OpenParenToken | SyntaxKind.OpenBracketToken, sourceFile: SourceFile) {
        const closeTokenText = tokenToString(token.kind)!;
        const matchingTokenText = tokenToString(matchingTokenKind)!;
        const tokenFullStart = token.getFullStart();
        // Text-scan based fast path - can be bamboozled by comments and other trivia, but often provides
        // a good, fast approximation without too much extra work in the cases where it fails.
        const bestGuessIndex = sourceFile.text.lastIndexOf(matchingTokenText, tokenFullStart);
        if (bestGuessIndex === -1) {
            return undefined; // if the token text doesn't appear in the file, there can't be a match - super fast bail
        }
        // we can only use the textual result directly if we didn't have to count any close tokens within the range
        if (sourceFile.text.lastIndexOf(closeTokenText, tokenFullStart - 1) < bestGuessIndex) {
            const nodeAtGuess = findPrecedingToken(bestGuessIndex + 1, sourceFile);
            if (nodeAtGuess && nodeAtGuess.kind === matchingTokenKind) {
                return nodeAtGuess;
            }
        }
        const tokenKind = token.kind;
        let remainingMatchingTokens = 0;
        while (true) {
            const preceding = findPrecedingToken(token.getFullStart(), sourceFile);
            if (!preceding) {
                return undefined;
            }
            token = preceding;

            if (token.kind === matchingTokenKind) {
                if (remainingMatchingTokens === 0) {
                    return token;
                }

                remainingMatchingTokens--;
            }
            else if (token.kind === tokenKind) {
                remainingMatchingTokens++;
            }
        }
    }

    export function removeOptionality(type: Type, isOptionalExpression: boolean, isOptionalChain: boolean) {
        return isOptionalExpression ? type.getNonNullableType() :
            isOptionalChain ? type.getNonOptionalType() :
                type;
    }

    export function isPossiblyTypeArgumentPosition(token: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile, checker: TypeChecker): boolean {
        const info = getPossibleTypeArgumentsInfo(token, sourceFile);
        return info !== undefined && (isPartOfTypeNode(info.called) ||
            getPossibleGenericSignatures(info.called, info.nTypeArguments, checker).length !== 0 ||
            isPossiblyTypeArgumentPosition(info.called, sourceFile, checker));
    }

    export function getPossibleGenericSignatures(called: Expression, typeArgumentCount: number, checker: TypeChecker): readonly Signature[] {
        let type = checker.getTypeAtLocation(called);
        if (isOptionalChain(called.parent)) {
            type = removeOptionality(type, isOptionalChainRoot(called.parent), /*isOptionalChain*/ true);
        }

        const signatures = isNewExpression(called.parent) ? type.getConstructSignatures() : type.getCallSignatures();
        return signatures.filter(candidate => !!candidate.typeParameters && candidate.typeParameters.length >= typeArgumentCount);
    }

    export interface PossibleTypeArgumentInfo {
        readonly called: Identifier;
        readonly nTypeArguments: number;
    }

    export interface PossibleProgramFileInfo {
        ProgramFiles?: string[];
    }

    // Get info for an expression like `f <` that may be the start of type arguments.
    export function getPossibleTypeArgumentsInfo(tokenIn: Node | undefined, sourceFile: SourceFile): PossibleTypeArgumentInfo | undefined {
        // This is a rare case, but one that saves on a _lot_ of work if true - if the source file has _no_ `<` character,
        // then there obviously can't be any type arguments - no expensive brace-matching backwards scanning required

        if (sourceFile.text.lastIndexOf("<", tokenIn ? tokenIn.pos : sourceFile.text.length) === -1) {
            return undefined;
        }

        let token: Node | undefined = tokenIn;
        // This function determines if the node could be type argument position
        // Since during editing, when type argument list is not complete,
        // the tree could be of any shape depending on the tokens parsed before current node,
        // scanning of the previous identifier followed by "<" before current node would give us better result
        // Note that we also balance out the already provided type arguments, arrays, object literals while doing so
        let remainingLessThanTokens = 0;
        let nTypeArguments = 0;
        while (token) {
            switch (token.kind) {
                case SyntaxKind.LessThanToken:
                    // Found the beginning of the generic argument expression
                    token = findPrecedingToken(token.getFullStart(), sourceFile);
                    if (token && token.kind === SyntaxKind.QuestionDotToken) {
                        token = findPrecedingToken(token.getFullStart(), sourceFile);
                    }
                    if (!token || !isIdentifier(token)) return undefined;
                    if (!remainingLessThanTokens) {
                        return isDeclarationName(token) ? undefined : { called: token, nTypeArguments };
                    }
                    remainingLessThanTokens--;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.GreaterThanGreaterThanGreaterThanToken:
                    remainingLessThanTokens = + 3;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.GreaterThanGreaterThanToken:
                    remainingLessThanTokens = + 2;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.GreaterThanToken:
                    remainingLessThanTokens++;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.CloseBraceToken:
                    // This can be object type, skip until we find the matching open brace token
                    // Skip until the matching open brace token
                    token = findPrecedingMatchingToken(token, SyntaxKind.OpenBraceToken, sourceFile);
                    if (!token) return undefined;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.CloseParenToken:
                    // This can be object type, skip until we find the matching open brace token
                    // Skip until the matching open brace token
                    token = findPrecedingMatchingToken(token, SyntaxKind.OpenParenToken, sourceFile);
                    if (!token) return undefined;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.CloseBracketToken:
                    // This can be object type, skip until we find the matching open brace token
                    // Skip until the matching open brace token
                    token = findPrecedingMatchingToken(token, SyntaxKind.OpenBracketToken, sourceFile);
                    if (!token) return undefined;
                    break;

                // Valid tokens in a type name. Skip.
                case SyntaxKind.CommaToken:
                    nTypeArguments++;
                    break;

                case SyntaxKind.EqualsGreaterThanToken:
                // falls through

                case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
                case SyntaxKind.StringLiteral:
                case SyntaxKind.NumericLiteral:
                case SyntaxKind.BigIntLiteral:
                case SyntaxKind.TrueKeyword:
                case SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword:
                // falls through

                case SyntaxKind.TypeOfKeyword:
                case SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword:
                case SyntaxKind.KeyOfKeyword:
                case SyntaxKind.DotToken:
                case SyntaxKind.BarToken:
                case SyntaxKind.QuestionToken:
                case SyntaxKind.ColonToken:
                    break;

                default:
                    if (isTypeNode(token)) {
                        break;
                    }

                    // Invalid token in type
                    return undefined;
            }

            token = findPrecedingToken(token.getFullStart(), sourceFile);
        }

        return undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the cursor at position in sourceFile is within a comment.
     *
     * @param tokenAtPosition Must equal `getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position)
     * @param predicate Additional predicate to test on the comment range.
     */
    export function isInComment(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number, tokenAtPosition?: Node): CommentRange | undefined {
        return formatting.getRangeOfEnclosingComment(sourceFile, position, /*precedingToken*/ undefined, tokenAtPosition);
    }

    export function hasDocComment(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): boolean {
        const token = getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, position);
        return !!findAncestor(token, isJSDoc);
    }

    function nodeHasTokens(n: Node, sourceFile: SourceFileLike): boolean {
        // If we have a token or node that has a non-zero width, it must have tokens.
        // Note: getWidth() does not take trivia into account.
        return n.kind === SyntaxKind.EndOfFileToken ? !!(n as EndOfFileToken).jsDoc : n.getWidth(sourceFile) !== 0;
    }

    export function getNodeModifiers(node: Node, excludeFlags = ModifierFlags.None): string {
        const result: string[] = [];
        const flags = isDeclaration(node)
            ? getCombinedNodeFlagsAlwaysIncludeJSDoc(node) & ~excludeFlags
            : ModifierFlags.None;

        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Private) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.privateMemberModifier);
        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Protected) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.protectedMemberModifier);
        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Public) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.publicMemberModifier);
        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Static || isClassStaticBlockDeclaration(node)) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.staticModifier);
        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Abstract) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.abstractModifier);
        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Export) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.exportedModifier);
        if (flags & ModifierFlags.Deprecated) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.deprecatedModifier);
        if (node.flags & NodeFlags.Ambient) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.ambientModifier);
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.ExportAssignment) result.push(ScriptElementKindModifier.exportedModifier);

        return result.length > 0 ? result.join(",") : ScriptElementKindModifier.none;
    }

    export function getTypeArgumentOrTypeParameterList(node: Node): NodeArray<Node> | undefined {
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeReference || node.kind === SyntaxKind.CallExpression) {
            return (node as CallExpression).typeArguments;
        }

        if (isFunctionLike(node) || node.kind === SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration || node.kind === SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration) {
            return (node as FunctionLikeDeclaration).typeParameters;
        }

        return undefined;
    }

    export function isComment(kind: SyntaxKind): boolean {
        return kind === SyntaxKind.SingleLineCommentTrivia || kind === SyntaxKind.MultiLineCommentTrivia;
    }

    export function isStringOrRegularExpressionOrTemplateLiteral(kind: SyntaxKind): boolean {
        if (kind === SyntaxKind.StringLiteral
            || kind === SyntaxKind.RegularExpressionLiteral
            || isTemplateLiteralKind(kind)) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    export function isPunctuation(kind: SyntaxKind): boolean {
        return SyntaxKind.FirstPunctuation <= kind && kind <= SyntaxKind.LastPunctuation;
    }

    export function isInsideTemplateLiteral(node: TemplateLiteralToken, position: number, sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        return isTemplateLiteralKind(node.kind)
            && (node.getStart(sourceFile) < position && position < node.end) || (!!node.isUnterminated && position === node.end);
    }

    export function isAccessibilityModifier(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        switch (kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.PublicKeyword:
            case SyntaxKind.PrivateKeyword:
            case SyntaxKind.ProtectedKeyword:
                return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    export function cloneCompilerOptions(options: CompilerOptions): CompilerOptions {
        const result = clone(options);
        setConfigFileInOptions(result, options && options.configFile);
        return result;
    }

    export function isArrayLiteralOrObjectLiteralDestructuringPattern(node: Node) {
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.ArrayLiteralExpression ||
            node.kind === SyntaxKind.ObjectLiteralExpression) {
            // [a,b,c] from:
            // [a, b, c] = someExpression;
            if (node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression &&
                (node.parent as BinaryExpression).left === node &&
                (node.parent as BinaryExpression).operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.EqualsToken) {
                return true;
            }

            // [a, b, c] from:
            // for([a, b, c] of expression)
            if (node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.ForOfStatement &&
                (node.parent as ForOfStatement).initializer === node) {
                return true;
            }

            // [a, b, c] of
            // [x, [a, b, c] ] = someExpression
            // or
            // {x, a: {a, b, c} } = someExpression
            if (isArrayLiteralOrObjectLiteralDestructuringPattern(node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.PropertyAssignment ? node.parent.parent : node.parent)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    export function isInReferenceComment(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): boolean {
        return isInReferenceCommentWorker(sourceFile, position, /*shouldBeReference*/ true);
    }

    export function isInNonReferenceComment(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number): boolean {
        return isInReferenceCommentWorker(sourceFile, position, /*shouldBeReference*/ false);
    }

    function isInReferenceCommentWorker(sourceFile: SourceFile, position: number, shouldBeReference: boolean): boolean {
        const range = isInComment(sourceFile, position, /*tokenAtPosition*/ undefined);
        return !!range && shouldBeReference === tripleSlashDirectivePrefixRegex.test(sourceFile.text.substring(range.pos, range.end));
    }

    export function getReplacementSpanForContextToken(contextToken: Node | undefined) {
        if (!contextToken) return undefined;

        switch (contextToken.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.StringLiteral:
            case SyntaxKind.NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral:
                return createTextSpanFromStringLiteralLikeContent(contextToken as StringLiteralLike);
            default:
                return createTextSpanFromNode(contextToken);
        }
    }

    export function createTextSpanFromNode(node: Node, sourceFile?: SourceFile, endNode?: Node): TextSpan {
        return createTextSpanFromBounds(node.getStart(sourceFile), (endNode || node).getEnd());
    }

    export function createTextSpanFromStringLiteralLikeContent(node: StringLiteralLike) {
        if (node.isUnterminated) return undefined;
        return createTextSpanFromBounds(node.getStart() + 1, node.getEnd() - 1);
    }

    export function createTextRangeFromNode(node: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile): TextRange {
        return createRange(node.getStart(sourceFile), node.end);
    }

    export function createTextSpanFromRange(range: TextRange): TextSpan {
        return createTextSpanFromBounds(range.pos, range.end);
    }

    export function createTextRangeFromSpan(span: TextSpan): TextRange {
        return createRange(span.start, span.start + span.length);
    }

    export function createTextChangeFromStartLength(start: number, length: number, newText: string): TextChange {
        return createTextChange(createTextSpan(start, length), newText);
    }

    export function createTextChange(span: TextSpan, newText: string): TextChange {
        return { span, newText };
    }

    export const typeKeywords: readonly SyntaxKind[] = [
        SyntaxKind.AnyKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.AssertsKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.BigIntKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.BooleanKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.InferKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.KeyOfKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.NeverKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.NullKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.NumberKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.ObjectKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.StringKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.SymbolKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.TrueKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.VoidKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.UndefinedKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.UniqueKeyword,
        SyntaxKind.UnknownKeyword,
    ];

    export function isTypeKeyword(kind: SyntaxKind): boolean {
        return contains(typeKeywords, kind);
    }

    export function isTypeKeywordToken(node: Node): node is Token<SyntaxKind.TypeKeyword> {
        return node.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeKeyword;
    }

    export function isTypeKeywordTokenOrIdentifier(node: Node) {
        return isTypeKeywordToken(node) || isIdentifier(node) && node.text === "type";
    }

    /** True if the symbol is for an external module, as opposed to a namespace. */
    export function isExternalModuleSymbol(moduleSymbol: Symbol): boolean {
        return !!(moduleSymbol.flags & SymbolFlags.Module) && moduleSymbol.name.charCodeAt(0) === CharacterCodes.doubleQuote;
    }

    /** Returns `true` the first time it encounters a node and `false` afterwards. */
    export type NodeSeenTracker<T = Node> = (node: T) => boolean;
    export function nodeSeenTracker<T extends Node>(): NodeSeenTracker<T> {
        const seen: true[] = [];
        return node => {
            const id = getNodeId(node);
            return !seen[id] && (seen[id] = true);
        };
    }

    export function getSnapshotText(snap: IScriptSnapshot): string {
        return snap.getText(0, snap.getLength());
    }

    export function repeatString(str: string, count: number): string {
        let result = "";
        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            result += str;
        }
        return result;
    }

    export function skipConstraint(type: Type): Type {
        return type.isTypeParameter() ? type.getConstraint() || type : type;
    }

    export function getNameFromPropertyName(name: PropertyName): string | undefined {
        return name.kind === SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName
            // treat computed property names where expression is string/numeric literal as just string/numeric literal
            ? isStringOrNumericLiteralLike(name.expression) ? name.expression.text : undefined
            : isPrivateIdentifier(name) ? idText(name) : getTextOfIdentifierOrLiteral(name);
    }

    export function programContainsModules(program: Program): boolean {
        return program.getSourceFiles().some(s => !s.isDeclarationFile && !program.isSourceFileFromExternalLibrary(s) && !!(s.externalModuleIndicator || s.commonJsModuleIndicator));
    }
    export function programContainsEsModules(program: Program): boolean {
        return program.getSourceFiles().some(s => !s.isDeclarationFile && !program.isSourceFileFromExternalLibrary(s) && !!s.externalModuleIndicator);
    }
    export function compilerOptionsIndicateEsModules(compilerOptions: CompilerOptions): boolean {
        return !!compilerOptions.module || getEmitScriptTarget(compilerOptions) >= ScriptTarget.ES2015 || !!compilerOptions.noEmit;
    }

    export function createModuleSpecifierResolutionHost(program: Program, host: LanguageServiceHost): ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost {
        // Mix in `getSymlinkCache` from Program when host doesn't have it
        // in order for non-Project hosts to have a symlinks cache.
        return {
            fileExists: fileName => program.fileExists(fileName),
            getCurrentDirectory: () => host.getCurrentDirectory(),
            readFile: maybeBind(host, host.readFile),
            useCaseSensitiveFileNames: maybeBind(host, host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames),
            getSymlinkCache: maybeBind(host, host.getSymlinkCache) || program.getSymlinkCache,
            getModuleSpecifierCache: maybeBind(host, host.getModuleSpecifierCache),
            getPackageJsonInfoCache: () => program.getModuleResolutionCache()?.getPackageJsonInfoCache(),
            getGlobalTypingsCacheLocation: maybeBind(host, host.getGlobalTypingsCacheLocation),
            redirectTargetsMap: program.redirectTargetsMap,
            getProjectReferenceRedirect: fileName => program.getProjectReferenceRedirect(fileName),
            isSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect: fileName => program.isSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect(fileName),
            getNearestAncestorDirectoryWithPackageJson: maybeBind(host, host.getNearestAncestorDirectoryWithPackageJson),
            getFileIncludeReasons: () => program.getFileIncludeReasons(),
        };
    }

    export function getModuleSpecifierResolverHost(program: Program, host: LanguageServiceHost): SymbolTracker["moduleResolverHost"] {
        return {
            ...createModuleSpecifierResolutionHost(program, host),
            getCommonSourceDirectory: () => program.getCommonSourceDirectory(),
        };
    }

    export function makeImportIfNecessary(defaultImport: Identifier | undefined, namedImports: readonly ImportSpecifier[] | undefined, moduleSpecifier: string, quotePreference: QuotePreference): ImportDeclaration | undefined {
        return defaultImport || namedImports && namedImports.length ? makeImport(defaultImport, namedImports, moduleSpecifier, quotePreference) : undefined;
    }

    export function makeImport(defaultImport: Identifier | undefined, namedImports: readonly ImportSpecifier[] | undefined, moduleSpecifier: string | Expression, quotePreference: QuotePreference, isTypeOnly?: boolean): ImportDeclaration {
        return factory.createImportDeclaration(
            /*decorators*/ undefined,
            /*modifiers*/ undefined,
            defaultImport || namedImports
                ? factory.createImportClause(!!isTypeOnly, defaultImport, namedImports && namedImports.length ? factory.createNamedImports(namedImports) : undefined)
                : undefined,
            typeof moduleSpecifier === "string" ? makeStringLiteral(moduleSpecifier, quotePreference) : moduleSpecifier,
            /*assertClause*/ undefined);
    }

    export function makeStringLiteral(text: string, quotePreference: QuotePreference): StringLiteral {
        return factory.createStringLiteral(text, quotePreference === QuotePreference.Single);
    }

    export const enum QuotePreference { Single, Double }

    export function quotePreferenceFromString(str: StringLiteral, sourceFile: SourceFile): QuotePreference {
        return isStringDoubleQuoted(str, sourceFile) ? QuotePreference.Double : QuotePreference.Single;
    }

    export function getQuotePreference(sourceFile: SourceFile, preferences: UserPreferences): QuotePreference {
        if (preferences.quotePreference && preferences.quotePreference !== "auto") {
            return preferences.quotePreference === "single" ? QuotePreference.Single : QuotePreference.Double;
        }
        else {
            // ignore synthetic import added when importHelpers: true
            const firstModuleSpecifier = sourceFile.imports &&
                find(sourceFile.imports, n => isStringLiteral(n) && !nodeIsSynthesized(n.parent)) as StringLiteral;
            return firstModuleSpecifier ? quotePreferenceFromString(firstModuleSpecifier, sourceFile) : QuotePreference.Double;
        }
    }

    export function getQuoteFromPreference(qp: QuotePreference): string {
        switch (qp) {
            case QuotePreference.Single: return "'";
            case QuotePreference.Double: return '"';
            default: return Debug.assertNever(qp);
        }
    }

    export function symbolNameNoDefault(symbol: Symbol): string | undefined {
        const escaped = symbolEscapedNameNoDefault(symbol);
        return escaped === undefined ? undefined : unescapeLeadingUnderscores(escaped);
    }

    export function symbolEscapedNameNoDefault(symbol: Symbol): __String | undefined {
        if (symbol.escapedName !== InternalSymbolName.Default) {
            return symbol.escapedName;
        }

        return firstDefined(symbol.declarations, decl => {
            const name = getNameOfDeclaration(decl);
            return name && name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier ? name.escapedText : undefined;
        });
    }

    export function isModuleSpecifierLike(node: Node): node is StringLiteralLike {
        return isStringLiteralLike(node) && (
            isExternalModuleReference(node.parent) ||
            isImportDeclaration(node.parent) ||
            isRequireCall(node.parent, /*requireStringLiteralLikeArgument*/ false) && node.parent.arguments[0] === node ||
            isImportCall(node.parent) && node.parent.arguments[0] === node);
    }

    export type ObjectBindingElementWithoutPropertyName = BindingElement & { name: Identifier };

    export function isObjectBindingElementWithoutPropertyName(bindingElement: Node): bindingElement is ObjectBindingElementWithoutPropertyName {
        return isBindingElement(bindingElement) &&
            isObjectBindingPattern(bindingElement.parent) &&
            isIdentifier(bindingElement.name) &&
            !bindingElement.propertyName;
    }

    export function getPropertySymbolFromBindingElement(checker: TypeChecker, bindingElement: ObjectBindingElementWithoutPropertyName): Symbol | undefined {
        const typeOfPattern = checker.getTypeAtLocation(bindingElement.parent);
        return typeOfPattern && checker.getPropertyOfType(typeOfPattern, bindingElement.name.text);
    }

    export function getParentNodeInSpan(node: Node | undefined, file: SourceFile, span: TextSpan): Node | undefined {
        if (!node) return undefined;

        while (node.parent) {
            if (isSourceFile(node.parent) || !spanContainsNode(span, node.parent, file)) {
                return node;
            }

            node = node.parent;
        }
    }

    function spanContainsNode(span: TextSpan, node: Node, file: SourceFile): boolean {
        return textSpanContainsPosition(span, node.getStart(file)) &&
            node.getEnd() <= textSpanEnd(span);
    }

    export function findModifier(node: Node, kind: Modifier["kind"]): Modifier | undefined {
        return node.modifiers && find(node.modifiers, m => m.kind === kind);
    }

    export function insertImports(changes: textChanges.ChangeTracker, sourceFile: SourceFile, imports: AnyImportOrRequireStatement | readonly AnyImportOrRequireStatement[], blankLineBetween: boolean): void {
        const decl = isArray(imports) ? imports[0] : imports;
        const importKindPredicate: (node: Node) => node is AnyImportOrRequireStatement = decl.kind === SyntaxKind.VariableStatement ? isRequireVariableStatement : isAnyImportSyntax;
        const existingImportStatements = filter(sourceFile.statements, importKindPredicate);
        const sortedNewImports = isArray(imports) ? stableSort(imports, OrganizeImports.compareImportsOrRequireStatements) : [imports];
        if (!existingImportStatements.length) {
            changes.insertNodesAtTopOfFile(sourceFile, sortedNewImports, blankLineBetween);
        }
        else if (existingImportStatements && OrganizeImports.importsAreSorted(existingImportStatements)) {
            for (const newImport of sortedNewImports) {
                const insertionIndex = OrganizeImports.getImportDeclarationInsertionIndex(existingImportStatements, newImport);
                if (insertionIndex === 0) {
                    // If the first import is top-of-file, insert after the leading comment which is likely the header.
                    const options = existingImportStatements[0] === sourceFile.statements[0] ?
                    { leadingTriviaOption: textChanges.LeadingTriviaOption.Exclude } : {};
                    changes.insertNodeBefore(sourceFile, existingImportStatements[0], newImport, /*blankLineBetween*/ false, options);
                }
                else {
                    const prevImport = existingImportStatements[insertionIndex - 1];
                    changes.insertNodeAfter(sourceFile, prevImport, newImport);
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            const lastExistingImport = lastOrUndefined(existingImportStatements);
            if (lastExistingImport) {
                changes.insertNodesAfter(sourceFile, lastExistingImport, sortedNewImports);
            }
            else {
                changes.insertNodesAtTopOfFile(sourceFile, sortedNewImports, blankLineBetween);
            }
        }
    }

    export function getTypeKeywordOfTypeOnlyImport(importClause: ImportClause, sourceFile: SourceFile): Token<SyntaxKind.TypeKeyword> {
        Debug.assert(importClause.isTypeOnly);
        return cast(importClause.getChildAt(0, sourceFile), isTypeKeywordToken);
    }

    export function textSpansEqual(a: TextSpan | undefined, b: TextSpan | undefined): boolean {
        return !!a && !!b && a.start === b.start && a.length === b.length;
    }
    export function documentSpansEqual(a: DocumentSpan, b: DocumentSpan): boolean {
        return a.fileName === b.fileName && textSpansEqual(a.textSpan, b.textSpan);
    }

    /**
     * Iterates through 'array' by index and performs the callback on each element of array until the callback
     * returns a truthy value, then returns that value.
     * If no such value is found, the callback is applied to each element of array and undefined is returned.
     */
    export function forEachUnique<T, U>(array: readonly T[] | undefined, callback: (element: T, index: number) => U): U | undefined {
        if (array) {
            for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
                if (array.indexOf(array[i]) === i) {
                    const result = callback(array[i], i);
                    if (result) {
                        return result;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return undefined;
    }

    export function isTextWhiteSpaceLike(text: string, startPos: number, endPos: number): boolean {
        for (let i = startPos; i < endPos; i++) {
            if (!isWhiteSpaceLike(text.charCodeAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    // #endregion

    // Display-part writer helpers
    // #region
    export function isFirstDeclarationOfSymbolParameter(symbol: Symbol) {
        const declaration = symbol.declarations ? firstOrUndefined(symbol.declarations) : undefined;
        return !!findAncestor(declaration, n =>
            isParameter(n) ? true : isBindingElement(n) || isObjectBindingPattern(n) || isArrayBindingPattern(n) ? false : "quit");
    }

    const displayPartWriter = getDisplayPartWriter();
    function getDisplayPartWriter(): DisplayPartsSymbolWriter {
        const absoluteMaximumLength = defaultMaximumTruncationLength * 10; // A hard cutoff to avoid overloading the messaging channel in worst-case scenarios
        let displayParts: SymbolDisplayPart[];
        let lineStart: boolean;
        let indent: number;
        let length: number;

        resetWriter();
        const unknownWrite = (text: string) => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.text);
        return {
            displayParts: () => {
                const finalText = displayParts.length && displayParts[displayParts.length - 1].text;
                if (length > absoluteMaximumLength && finalText && finalText !== "...") {
                    if (!isWhiteSpaceLike(finalText.charCodeAt(finalText.length - 1))) {
                        displayParts.push(displayPart(" ", SymbolDisplayPartKind.space));
                    }
                    displayParts.push(displayPart("...", SymbolDisplayPartKind.punctuation));
                }
                return displayParts;
            },
            writeKeyword: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.keyword),
            writeOperator: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.operator),
            writePunctuation: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.punctuation),
            writeTrailingSemicolon: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.punctuation),
            writeSpace: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.space),
            writeStringLiteral: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.stringLiteral),
            writeParameter: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.parameterName),
            writeProperty: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.propertyName),
            writeLiteral: text => writeKind(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.stringLiteral),
            writeSymbol,
            writeLine,
            write: unknownWrite,
            writeComment: unknownWrite,
            getText: () => "",
            getTextPos: () => 0,
            getColumn: () => 0,
            getLine: () => 0,
            isAtStartOfLine: () => false,
            hasTrailingWhitespace: () => false,
            hasTrailingComment: () => false,
            rawWrite: notImplemented,
            getIndent: () => indent,
            increaseIndent: () => { indent++; },
            decreaseIndent: () => { indent--; },
            clear: resetWriter,
            trackSymbol: () => false,
            reportInaccessibleThisError: noop,
            reportInaccessibleUniqueSymbolError: noop,
            reportPrivateInBaseOfClassExpression: noop,
        };

        function writeIndent() {
            if (length > absoluteMaximumLength) return;
            if (lineStart) {
                const indentString = getIndentString(indent);
                if (indentString) {
                    length += indentString.length;
                    displayParts.push(displayPart(indentString, SymbolDisplayPartKind.space));
                }
                lineStart = false;
            }
        }

        function writeKind(text: string, kind: SymbolDisplayPartKind) {
            if (length > absoluteMaximumLength) return;
            writeIndent();
            length += text.length;
            displayParts.push(displayPart(text, kind));
        }

        function writeSymbol(text: string, symbol: Symbol) {
            if (length > absoluteMaximumLength) return;
            writeIndent();
            length += text.length;
            displayParts.push(symbolPart(text, symbol));
        }

        function writeLine() {
            if (length > absoluteMaximumLength) return;
            length += 1;
            displayParts.push(lineBreakPart());
            lineStart = true;
        }

        function resetWriter() {
            displayParts = [];
            lineStart = true;
            indent = 0;
            length = 0;
        }
    }

    export function symbolPart(text: string, symbol: Symbol) {
        return displayPart(text, displayPartKind(symbol));

        function displayPartKind(symbol: Symbol): SymbolDisplayPartKind {
            const flags = symbol.flags;

            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Variable) {
                return isFirstDeclarationOfSymbolParameter(symbol) ? SymbolDisplayPartKind.parameterName : SymbolDisplayPartKind.localName;
            }
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Property) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.propertyName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.GetAccessor) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.propertyName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.SetAccessor) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.propertyName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.EnumMember) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.enumMemberName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Function) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.functionName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Class) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.className;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Interface) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.interfaceName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Enum) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.enumName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Module) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.moduleName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Method) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.methodName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.TypeParameter) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.typeParameterName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.TypeAlias) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.aliasName;
            if (flags & SymbolFlags.Alias) return SymbolDisplayPartKind.aliasName;

            return SymbolDisplayPartKind.text;
        }
    }

    export function displayPart(text: string, kind: SymbolDisplayPartKind): SymbolDisplayPart {
        return { text, kind: SymbolDisplayPartKind[kind] };
    }

    export function spacePart() {
        return displayPart(" ", SymbolDisplayPartKind.space);
    }

    export function keywordPart(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return displayPart(tokenToString(kind)!, SymbolDisplayPartKind.keyword);
    }

    export function punctuationPart(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return displayPart(tokenToString(kind)!, SymbolDisplayPartKind.punctuation);
    }

    export function operatorPart(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return displayPart(tokenToString(kind)!, SymbolDisplayPartKind.operator);
    }

    export function parameterNamePart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.parameterName);
    }

    export function propertyNamePart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.propertyName);
    }

    export function textOrKeywordPart(text: string) {
        const kind = stringToToken(text);
        return kind === undefined
            ? textPart(text)
            : keywordPart(kind);
    }

    export function textPart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.text);
    }

    export function typeAliasNamePart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.aliasName);
    }

    export function typeParameterNamePart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.typeParameterName);
    }

    export function linkTextPart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.linkText);
    }

    export function linkNamePart(text: string, target: Declaration): JSDocLinkDisplayPart {
        return {
            text,
            kind: SymbolDisplayPartKind[SymbolDisplayPartKind.linkName],
            target: {
                fileName: getSourceFileOfNode(target).fileName,
                textSpan: createTextSpanFromNode(target),
            },
        };
    }

    export function linkPart(text: string) {
        return displayPart(text, SymbolDisplayPartKind.link);
    }

    export function buildLinkParts(link: JSDocLink | JSDocLinkCode | JSDocLinkPlain, checker?: TypeChecker): SymbolDisplayPart[] {
        const prefix = isJSDocLink(link) ? "link"
            : isJSDocLinkCode(link) ? "linkcode"
            : "linkplain";
        const parts = [linkPart(`{@${prefix} `)];
        if (!link.name) {
            if (link.text) {
                parts.push(linkTextPart(link.text));
            }
        }
        else {
            const symbol = checker?.getSymbolAtLocation(link.name);
            const suffix = findLinkNameEnd(link.text);
            const name = getTextOfNode(link.name) + link.text.slice(0, suffix);
            const text = skipSeparatorFromLinkText(link.text.slice(suffix));
            const decl = symbol?.valueDeclaration || symbol?.declarations?.[0];
            if (decl) {
                parts.push(linkNamePart(name, decl));
                if (text) parts.push(linkTextPart(text));
            }
            else {
                parts.push(linkTextPart(name + (suffix || text.indexOf("://") === 0 ? "" : " ") + text));
            }
        }
        parts.push(linkPart("}"));
        return parts;
    }

    function skipSeparatorFromLinkText(text: string) {
        let pos = 0;
        if (text.charCodeAt(pos++) === CharacterCodes.bar) {
            while (pos < text.length && text.charCodeAt(pos) === CharacterCodes.space) pos++;
            return text.slice(pos);
        }
        return text;
    }

    function findLinkNameEnd(text: string) {
        if (text.indexOf("()") === 0) return 2;
        if (text[0] !== "<") return 0;
        let brackets = 0;
        let i = 0;
        while (i < text.length) {
            if (text[i] === "<") brackets++;
            if (text[i] === ">") brackets--;
            i++;
            if (!brackets) return i;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    const carriageReturnLineFeed = "\r\n";
    /**
     * The default is CRLF.
     */
    export function getNewLineOrDefaultFromHost(host: FormattingHost, formatSettings?: FormatCodeSettings) {
        return formatSettings?.newLineCharacter ||
            host.getNewLine?.() ||
            carriageReturnLineFeed;
    }

    export function lineBreakPart() {
        return displayPart("\n", SymbolDisplayPartKind.lineBreak);
    }

    export function mapToDisplayParts(writeDisplayParts: (writer: DisplayPartsSymbolWriter) => void): SymbolDisplayPart[] {
        try {
            writeDisplayParts(displayPartWriter);
            return displayPartWriter.displayParts();
        }
        finally {
            displayPartWriter.clear();
        }
    }

    export function typeToDisplayParts(typechecker: TypeChecker, type: Type, enclosingDeclaration?: Node, flags: TypeFormatFlags = TypeFormatFlags.None): SymbolDisplayPart[] {
        return mapToDisplayParts(writer => {
            typechecker.writeType(type, enclosingDeclaration, flags | TypeFormatFlags.MultilineObjectLiterals | TypeFormatFlags.UseAliasDefinedOutsideCurrentScope, writer);
        });
    }

    export function symbolToDisplayParts(typeChecker: TypeChecker, symbol: Symbol, enclosingDeclaration?: Node, meaning?: SymbolFlags, flags: SymbolFormatFlags = SymbolFormatFlags.None): SymbolDisplayPart[] {
        return mapToDisplayParts(writer => {
            typeChecker.writeSymbol(symbol, enclosingDeclaration, meaning, flags | SymbolFormatFlags.UseAliasDefinedOutsideCurrentScope, writer);
        });
    }

    export function signatureToDisplayParts(typechecker: TypeChecker, signature: Signature, enclosingDeclaration?: Node, flags: TypeFormatFlags = TypeFormatFlags.None): SymbolDisplayPart[] {
        flags |= TypeFormatFlags.UseAliasDefinedOutsideCurrentScope | TypeFormatFlags.MultilineObjectLiterals | TypeFormatFlags.WriteTypeArgumentsOfSignature | TypeFormatFlags.OmitParameterModifiers;
        return mapToDisplayParts(writer => {
            typechecker.writeSignature(signature, enclosingDeclaration, flags, /*signatureKind*/ undefined, writer);
        });
    }

    export function isImportOrExportSpecifierName(location: Node): location is Identifier {
        return !!location.parent && isImportOrExportSpecifier(location.parent) && location.parent.propertyName === location;
    }

    export function getScriptKind(fileName: string, host: LanguageServiceHost): ScriptKind {
        // First check to see if the script kind was specified by the host. Chances are the host
        // may override the default script kind for the file extension.
        return ensureScriptKind(fileName, host.getScriptKind && host.getScriptKind(fileName));
    }

    export function getSymbolTarget(symbol: Symbol, checker: TypeChecker): Symbol {
        let next: Symbol = symbol;
        while (isAliasSymbol(next) || (isTransientSymbol(next) && next.target)) {
            if (isTransientSymbol(next) && next.target) {
                next = next.target;
            }
            else {
                next = skipAlias(next, checker);
            }
        }
        return next;
    }

    function isTransientSymbol(symbol: Symbol): symbol is TransientSymbol {
        return (symbol.flags & SymbolFlags.Transient) !== 0;
    }

    function isAliasSymbol(symbol: Symbol): boolean {
        return (symbol.flags & SymbolFlags.Alias) !== 0;
    }

    export function getUniqueSymbolId(symbol: Symbol, checker: TypeChecker) {
        return getSymbolId(skipAlias(symbol, checker));
    }

    export function getFirstNonSpaceCharacterPosition(text: string, position: number) {
        while (isWhiteSpaceLike(text.charCodeAt(position))) {
            position += 1;
        }
        return position;
    }

    export function getPrecedingNonSpaceCharacterPosition(text: string, position: number) {
        while (position > -1 && isWhiteSpaceSingleLine(text.charCodeAt(position))) {
            position -= 1;
        }
        return position + 1;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a deep, memberwise clone of a node with no source map location.
     *
     * WARNING: This is an expensive operation and is only intended to be used in refactorings
     * and code fixes (because those are triggered by explicit user actions).
     */
    export function getSynthesizedDeepClone<T extends Node | undefined>(node: T, includeTrivia = true): T {
        const clone = node && getSynthesizedDeepCloneWorker(node as NonNullable<T>);
        if (clone && !includeTrivia) suppressLeadingAndTrailingTrivia(clone);
        return clone;
    }

    export function getSynthesizedDeepCloneWithReplacements<T extends Node>(
        node: T,
        includeTrivia: boolean,
        replaceNode: (node: Node) => Node | undefined
    ): T {
        let clone = replaceNode(node);
        if (clone) {
            setOriginalNode(clone, node);
        }
        else {
            clone = getSynthesizedDeepCloneWorker(node as NonNullable<T>, replaceNode);
        }

        if (clone && !includeTrivia) suppressLeadingAndTrailingTrivia(clone);
        return clone as T;
    }

    function getSynthesizedDeepCloneWorker<T extends Node>(node: T, replaceNode?: (node: Node) => Node | undefined): T {
        const nodeClone: (n: T) => T = replaceNode
            ? n => getSynthesizedDeepCloneWithReplacements(n, /*includeTrivia*/ true, replaceNode)
            : getSynthesizedDeepClone;
        const nodesClone: (ns: NodeArray<T>) => NodeArray<T> = replaceNode
            ? ns => ns && getSynthesizedDeepClonesWithReplacements(ns, /*includeTrivia*/ true, replaceNode)
            : ns => ns && getSynthesizedDeepClones(ns);
        const visited =
            visitEachChild(node, nodeClone, nullTransformationContext, nodesClone, nodeClone);

        if (visited === node) {
            // This only happens for leaf nodes - internal nodes always see their children change.
            const clone =
                isStringLiteral(node) ? setOriginalNode(factory.createStringLiteralFromNode(node), node) as Node as T :
                    isNumericLiteral(node) ? setOriginalNode(factory.createNumericLiteral(node.text, node.numericLiteralFlags), node) as Node as T :
                        factory.cloneNode(node);
            return setTextRange(clone, node);
        }

        // PERF: As an optimization, rather than calling factory.cloneNode, we'll update
        // the new node created by visitEachChild with the extra changes factory.cloneNode
        // would have made.
        (visited as Mutable<T>).parent = undefined!;
        return visited;
    }

    export function getSynthesizedDeepClones<T extends Node>(nodes: NodeArray<T>, includeTrivia?: boolean): NodeArray<T>;
    export function getSynthesizedDeepClones<T extends Node>(nodes: NodeArray<T> | undefined, includeTrivia?: boolean): NodeArray<T> | undefined;
    export function getSynthesizedDeepClones<T extends Node>(nodes: NodeArray<T> | undefined, includeTrivia = true): NodeArray<T> | undefined {
        return nodes && factory.createNodeArray(nodes.map(n => getSynthesizedDeepClone(n, includeTrivia)), nodes.hasTrailingComma);
    }

    export function getSynthesizedDeepClonesWithReplacements<T extends Node>(
        nodes: NodeArray<T>,
        includeTrivia: boolean,
        replaceNode: (node: Node) => Node | undefined
    ): NodeArray<T> {
        return factory.createNodeArray(nodes.map(n => getSynthesizedDeepCloneWithReplacements(n, includeTrivia, replaceNode)), nodes.hasTrailingComma);
    }

    /**
     * Sets EmitFlags to suppress leading and trailing trivia on the node.
     */
    export function suppressLeadingAndTrailingTrivia(node: Node) {
        suppressLeadingTrivia(node);
        suppressTrailingTrivia(node);
    }

    /**
     * Sets EmitFlags to suppress leading trivia on the node.
     */
    export function suppressLeadingTrivia(node: Node) {
        addEmitFlagsRecursively(node, EmitFlags.NoLeadingComments, getFirstChild);
    }

    /**
     * Sets EmitFlags to suppress trailing trivia on the node.
     */
    export function suppressTrailingTrivia(node: Node) {
        addEmitFlagsRecursively(node, EmitFlags.NoTrailingComments, getLastChild);
    }

    export function copyComments(sourceNode: Node, targetNode: Node) {
        const sourceFile = sourceNode.getSourceFile();
        const text = sourceFile.text;
        if (hasLeadingLineBreak(sourceNode, text)) {
            copyLeadingComments(sourceNode, targetNode, sourceFile);
        }
        else {
            copyTrailingAsLeadingComments(sourceNode, targetNode, sourceFile);
        }
        copyTrailingComments(sourceNode, targetNode, sourceFile);
    }

    function hasLeadingLineBreak(node: Node, text: string) {
        const start = node.getFullStart();
        const end = node.getStart();
        for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
            if (text.charCodeAt(i) === CharacterCodes.lineFeed) return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    function addEmitFlagsRecursively(node: Node, flag: EmitFlags, getChild: (n: Node) => Node | undefined) {
        addEmitFlags(node, flag);
        const child = getChild(node);
        if (child) addEmitFlagsRecursively(child, flag, getChild);
    }

    function getFirstChild(node: Node): Node | undefined {
        return node.forEachChild(child => child);
    }

    export function getUniqueName(baseName: string, sourceFile: SourceFile): string {
        let nameText = baseName;
        for (let i = 1; !isFileLevelUniqueName(sourceFile, nameText); i++) {
            nameText = `${baseName}_${i}`;
        }
        return nameText;
    }

    /**
     * @return The index of the (only) reference to the extracted symbol.  We want the cursor
     * to be on the reference, rather than the declaration, because it's closer to where the
     * user was before extracting it.
     */
    export function getRenameLocation(edits: readonly FileTextChanges[], renameFilename: string, name: string, preferLastLocation: boolean): number {
        let delta = 0;
        let lastPos = -1;
        for (const { fileName, textChanges } of edits) {
            Debug.assert(fileName === renameFilename);
            for (const change of textChanges) {
                const { span, newText } = change;
                const index = indexInTextChange(newText, name);
                if (index !== -1) {
                    lastPos = span.start + delta + index;

                    // If the reference comes first, return immediately.
                    if (!preferLastLocation) {
                        return lastPos;
                    }
                }
                delta += newText.length - span.length;
            }
        }

        // If the declaration comes first, return the position of the last occurrence.
        Debug.assert(preferLastLocation);
        Debug.assert(lastPos >= 0);
        return lastPos;
    }

    export function copyLeadingComments(sourceNode: Node, targetNode: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile, commentKind?: CommentKind, hasTrailingNewLine?: boolean) {
        forEachLeadingCommentRange(sourceFile.text, sourceNode.pos, getAddCommentsFunction(targetNode, sourceFile, commentKind, hasTrailingNewLine, addSyntheticLeadingComment));
    }


    export function copyTrailingComments(sourceNode: Node, targetNode: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile, commentKind?: CommentKind, hasTrailingNewLine?: boolean) {
        forEachTrailingCommentRange(sourceFile.text, sourceNode.end, getAddCommentsFunction(targetNode, sourceFile, commentKind, hasTrailingNewLine, addSyntheticTrailingComment));
    }

    /**
     * This function copies the trailing comments for the token that comes before `sourceNode`, as leading comments of `targetNode`.
     * This is useful because sometimes a comment that refers to `sourceNode` will be a leading comment for `sourceNode`, according to the
     * notion of trivia ownership, and instead will be a trailing comment for the token before `sourceNode`, e.g.:
     * `function foo(\* not leading comment for a *\ a: string) {}`
     * The comment refers to `a` but belongs to the `(` token, but we might want to copy it.
     */
    export function copyTrailingAsLeadingComments(sourceNode: Node, targetNode: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile, commentKind?: CommentKind, hasTrailingNewLine?: boolean) {
        forEachTrailingCommentRange(sourceFile.text, sourceNode.pos, getAddCommentsFunction(targetNode, sourceFile, commentKind, hasTrailingNewLine, addSyntheticLeadingComment));
    }

    function getAddCommentsFunction(targetNode: Node, sourceFile: SourceFile, commentKind: CommentKind | undefined, hasTrailingNewLine: boolean | undefined, cb: (node: Node, kind: CommentKind, text: string, hasTrailingNewLine?: boolean) => void) {
        return (pos: number, end: number, kind: CommentKind, htnl: boolean) => {
            if (kind === SyntaxKind.MultiLineCommentTrivia) {
                // Remove leading /*
                pos += 2;
                // Remove trailing */
                end -= 2;
            }
            else {
                // Remove leading //
                pos += 2;
            }
            cb(targetNode, commentKind || kind, sourceFile.text.slice(pos, end), hasTrailingNewLine !== undefined ? hasTrailingNewLine : htnl);
        };
    }

    function indexInTextChange(change: string, name: string): number {
        if (startsWith(change, name)) return 0;
        // Add a " " to avoid references inside words
        let idx = change.indexOf(" " + name);
        if (idx === -1) idx = change.indexOf("." + name);
        if (idx === -1) idx = change.indexOf('"' + name);
        return idx === -1 ? -1 : idx + 1;
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function needsParentheses(expression: Expression): boolean {
        return isBinaryExpression(expression) && expression.operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.CommaToken
            || isObjectLiteralExpression(expression)
            || isAsExpression(expression) && isObjectLiteralExpression(expression.expression);
    }

    export function getContextualTypeFromParent(node: Expression, checker: TypeChecker): Type | undefined {
        const { parent } = node;
        switch (parent.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.NewExpression:
                return checker.getContextualType(parent as NewExpression);
            case SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression: {
                const { left, operatorToken, right } = parent as BinaryExpression;
                return isEqualityOperatorKind(operatorToken.kind)
                    ? checker.getTypeAtLocation(node === right ? left : right)
                    : checker.getContextualType(node);
            }
            case SyntaxKind.CaseClause:
                return (parent as CaseClause).expression === node ? getSwitchedType(parent as CaseClause, checker) : undefined;
            default:
                return checker.getContextualType(node);
        }
    }

    export function quote(sourceFile: SourceFile, preferences: UserPreferences, text: string): string {
        // Editors can pass in undefined or empty string - we want to infer the preference in those cases.
        const quotePreference = getQuotePreference(sourceFile, preferences);
        const quoted = JSON.stringify(text);
        return quotePreference === QuotePreference.Single ? `'${stripQuotes(quoted).replace(/'/g, "\\'").replace(/\\"/g, '"')}'` : quoted;
    }

    export function isEqualityOperatorKind(kind: SyntaxKind): kind is EqualityOperator {
        switch (kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.EqualsEqualsEqualsToken:
            case SyntaxKind.EqualsEqualsToken:
            case SyntaxKind.ExclamationEqualsEqualsToken:
            case SyntaxKind.ExclamationEqualsToken:
                return true;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    export function isStringLiteralOrTemplate(node: Node): node is StringLiteralLike | TemplateExpression | TaggedTemplateExpression {
        switch (node.kind) {
            case SyntaxKind.StringLiteral:
            case SyntaxKind.NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral:
            case SyntaxKind.TemplateExpression:
            case SyntaxKind.TaggedTemplateExpression:
                return true;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    export function hasIndexSignature(type: Type): boolean {
        return !!type.getStringIndexType() || !!type.getNumberIndexType();
    }

    export function getSwitchedType(caseClause: CaseClause, checker: TypeChecker): Type | undefined {
        return checker.getTypeAtLocation(caseClause.parent.parent.expression);
    }

    export const ANONYMOUS = "anonymous function";

    export function getTypeNodeIfAccessible(type: Type, enclosingScope: Node, program: Program, host: LanguageServiceHost): TypeNode | undefined {
        const checker = program.getTypeChecker();
        let typeIsAccessible = true;
        const notAccessible = () => typeIsAccessible = false;
        const res = checker.typeToTypeNode(type, enclosingScope, NodeBuilderFlags.NoTruncation, {
            trackSymbol: (symbol, declaration, meaning) => {
                typeIsAccessible = typeIsAccessible && checker.isSymbolAccessible(symbol, declaration, meaning, /*shouldComputeAliasToMarkVisible*/ false).accessibility === SymbolAccessibility.Accessible;
                return !typeIsAccessible;
            },
            reportInaccessibleThisError: notAccessible,
            reportPrivateInBaseOfClassExpression: notAccessible,
            reportInaccessibleUniqueSymbolError: notAccessible,
            moduleResolverHost: getModuleSpecifierResolverHost(program, host)
        });
        return typeIsAccessible ? res : undefined;
    }

    function syntaxRequiresTrailingCommaOrSemicolonOrASI(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return kind === SyntaxKind.CallSignature
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ConstructSignature
            || kind === SyntaxKind.IndexSignature
            || kind === SyntaxKind.PropertySignature
            || kind === SyntaxKind.MethodSignature;
    }

    function syntaxRequiresTrailingFunctionBlockOrSemicolonOrASI(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.Constructor
            || kind === SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.GetAccessor
            || kind === SyntaxKind.SetAccessor;
    }

    function syntaxRequiresTrailingModuleBlockOrSemicolonOrASI(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return kind === SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration;
    }

    export function syntaxRequiresTrailingSemicolonOrASI(kind: SyntaxKind) {
        return kind === SyntaxKind.VariableStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ExpressionStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.DoStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ContinueStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.BreakStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ReturnStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ThrowStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.DebuggerStatement
            || kind === SyntaxKind.PropertyDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.TypeAliasDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ImportEqualsDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.NamespaceExportDeclaration
            || kind === SyntaxKind.ExportAssignment;
    }

    export const syntaxMayBeASICandidate = or(
        syntaxRequiresTrailingCommaOrSemicolonOrASI,
        syntaxRequiresTrailingFunctionBlockOrSemicolonOrASI,
        syntaxRequiresTrailingModuleBlockOrSemicolonOrASI,
        syntaxRequiresTrailingSemicolonOrASI);

    function nodeIsASICandidate(node: Node, sourceFile: SourceFileLike): boolean {
        const lastToken = node.getLastToken(sourceFile);
        if (lastToken && lastToken.kind === SyntaxKind.SemicolonToken) {
            return false;
        }

        if (syntaxRequiresTrailingCommaOrSemicolonOrASI(node.kind)) {
            if (lastToken && lastToken.kind === SyntaxKind.CommaToken) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        else if (syntaxRequiresTrailingModuleBlockOrSemicolonOrASI(node.kind)) {
            const lastChild = last(node.getChildren(sourceFile));
            if (lastChild && isModuleBlock(lastChild)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        else if (syntaxRequiresTrailingFunctionBlockOrSemicolonOrASI(node.kind)) {
            const lastChild = last(node.getChildren(sourceFile));
            if (lastChild && isFunctionBlock(lastChild)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        else if (!syntaxRequiresTrailingSemicolonOrASI(node.kind)) {
            return false;
        }

        // See comment in parser’s `parseDoStatement`
        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.DoStatement) {
            return true;
        }

        const topNode = findAncestor(node, ancestor => !ancestor.parent)!;
        const nextToken = findNextToken(node, topNode, sourceFile);
        if (!nextToken || nextToken.kind === SyntaxKind.CloseBraceToken) {
            return true;
        }

        const startLine = sourceFile.getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(node.getEnd()).line;
        const endLine = sourceFile.getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(nextToken.getStart(sourceFile)).line;
        return startLine !== endLine;
    }

    export function positionIsASICandidate(pos: number, context: Node, sourceFile: SourceFileLike): boolean {
        const contextAncestor = findAncestor(context, ancestor => {
            if (ancestor.end !== pos) {
                return "quit";
            }
            return syntaxMayBeASICandidate(ancestor.kind);
        });

        return !!contextAncestor && nodeIsASICandidate(contextAncestor, sourceFile);
    }

    export function probablyUsesSemicolons(sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        let withSemicolon = 0;
        let withoutSemicolon = 0;
        const nStatementsToObserve = 5;
        forEachChild(sourceFile, function visit(node): boolean | undefined {
            if (syntaxRequiresTrailingSemicolonOrASI(node.kind)) {
                const lastToken = node.getLastToken(sourceFile);
                if (lastToken?.kind === SyntaxKind.SemicolonToken) {
                    withSemicolon++;
                }
                else {
                    withoutSemicolon++;
                }
            }
            else if (syntaxRequiresTrailingCommaOrSemicolonOrASI(node.kind)) {
                const lastToken = node.getLastToken(sourceFile);
                if (lastToken?.kind === SyntaxKind.SemicolonToken) {
                    withSemicolon++;
                }
                else if (lastToken && lastToken.kind !== SyntaxKind.CommaToken) {
                    const lastTokenLine = getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(sourceFile, lastToken.getStart(sourceFile)).line;
                    const nextTokenLine = getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(sourceFile, getSpanOfTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, lastToken.end).start).line;
                    // Avoid counting missing semicolon in single-line objects:
                    // `function f(p: { x: string /*no semicolon here is insignificant*/ }) {`
                    if (lastTokenLine !== nextTokenLine) {
                        withoutSemicolon++;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (withSemicolon + withoutSemicolon >= nStatementsToObserve) {
                return true;
            }

            return forEachChild(node, visit);
        });

        // One statement missing a semicolon isn't sufficient evidence to say the user
        // doesn’t want semicolons, because they may not even be done writing that statement.
        if (withSemicolon === 0 && withoutSemicolon <= 1) {
            return true;
        }

        // If even 2/5 places have a semicolon, the user probably wants semicolons
        return withSemicolon / withoutSemicolon > 1 / nStatementsToObserve;
    }

    export function tryGetDirectories(host: Pick<LanguageServiceHost, "getDirectories">, directoryName: string): string[] {
        return tryIOAndConsumeErrors(host, host.getDirectories, directoryName) || [];
    }

    export function tryReadDirectory(host: Pick<LanguageServiceHost, "readDirectory">, path: string, extensions?: readonly string[], exclude?: readonly string[], include?: readonly string[]): readonly string[] {
        return tryIOAndConsumeErrors(host, host.readDirectory, path, extensions, exclude, include) || emptyArray;
    }

    export function tryFileExists(host: Pick<LanguageServiceHost, "fileExists">, path: string): boolean {
        return tryIOAndConsumeErrors(host, host.fileExists, path);
    }

    export function tryDirectoryExists(host: LanguageServiceHost, path: string): boolean {
        return tryAndIgnoreErrors(() => directoryProbablyExists(path, host)) || false;
    }

    export function tryAndIgnoreErrors<T>(cb: () => T): T | undefined {
        try {
            return cb();
        }
        catch {
            return undefined;
        }
    }

    export function tryIOAndConsumeErrors<T>(host: unknown, toApply: ((...a: any[]) => T) | undefined, ...args: any[]) {
        return tryAndIgnoreErrors(() => toApply && toApply.apply(host, args));
    }

    export function findPackageJsons(startDirectory: string, host: Pick<LanguageServiceHost, "fileExists">, stopDirectory?: string): string[] {
        const paths: string[] = [];
        forEachAncestorDirectory(startDirectory, ancestor => {
            if (ancestor === stopDirectory) {
                return true;
            }
            const currentConfigPath = combinePaths(ancestor, "package.json");
            if (tryFileExists(host, currentConfigPath)) {
                paths.push(currentConfigPath);
            }
        });
        return paths;
    }

    export function findPackageJson(directory: string, host: LanguageServiceHost): string | undefined {
        let packageJson: string | undefined;
        forEachAncestorDirectory(directory, ancestor => {
            if (ancestor === "node_modules") return true;
            packageJson = findConfigFile(ancestor, (f) => tryFileExists(host, f), "package.json");
            if (packageJson) {
                return true; // break out
            }
        });
        return packageJson;
    }

    export function getPackageJsonsVisibleToFile(fileName: string, host: LanguageServiceHost): readonly PackageJsonInfo[] {
        if (!host.fileExists) {
            return [];
        }

        const packageJsons: PackageJsonInfo[] = [];
        forEachAncestorDirectory(getDirectoryPath(fileName), ancestor => {
            const packageJsonFileName = combinePaths(ancestor, "package.json");
            if (host.fileExists(packageJsonFileName)) {
                const info = createPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonFileName, host);
                if (info) {
                    packageJsons.push(info);
                }
            }
        });

        return packageJsons;
    }

    export function createPackageJsonInfo(fileName: string, host: { readFile?(fileName: string): string | undefined }): PackageJsonInfo | undefined {
        if (!host.readFile) {
            return undefined;
        }

        type PackageJsonRaw = Record<typeof dependencyKeys[number], Record<string, string> | undefined>;
        const dependencyKeys = ["dependencies", "devDependencies", "optionalDependencies", "peerDependencies"] as const;
        const stringContent = host.readFile(fileName) || "";
        const content = tryParseJson(stringContent) as PackageJsonRaw | undefined;
        const info: Pick<PackageJsonInfo, typeof dependencyKeys[number]> = {};
        if (content) {
            for (const key of dependencyKeys) {
                const dependencies = content[key];
                if (!dependencies) {
                    continue;
                }
                const dependencyMap = new Map<string, string>();
                for (const packageName in dependencies) {
                    dependencyMap.set(packageName, dependencies[packageName]);
                }
                info[key] = dependencyMap;
            }
        }

        const dependencyGroups = [
            [PackageJsonDependencyGroup.Dependencies, info.dependencies],
            [PackageJsonDependencyGroup.DevDependencies, info.devDependencies],
            [PackageJsonDependencyGroup.OptionalDependencies, info.optionalDependencies],
            [PackageJsonDependencyGroup.PeerDependencies, info.peerDependencies],
        ] as const;

        return {
            ...info,
            parseable: !!content,
            fileName,
            get,
            has(dependencyName, inGroups) {
                return !!get(dependencyName, inGroups);
            },
        };

        function get(dependencyName: string, inGroups = PackageJsonDependencyGroup.All) {
            for (const [group, deps] of dependencyGroups) {
                if (deps && (inGroups & group)) {
                    const dep = deps.get(dependencyName);
                    if (dep !== undefined) {
                        return dep;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    export interface PackageJsonImportFilter {
        allowsImportingAmbientModule: (moduleSymbol: Symbol, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost: ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost) => boolean;
        allowsImportingSourceFile: (sourceFile: SourceFile, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost: ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost) => boolean;
        /**
         * Use for a specific module specifier that has already been resolved.
         * Use `allowsImportingAmbientModule` or `allowsImportingSourceFile` to resolve
         * the best module specifier for a given module _and_ determine if it’s importable.
         */
        allowsImportingSpecifier: (moduleSpecifier: string) => boolean;
    }

    export function createPackageJsonImportFilter(fromFile: SourceFile, preferences: UserPreferences, host: LanguageServiceHost): PackageJsonImportFilter {
        const packageJsons = (
            (host.getPackageJsonsVisibleToFile && host.getPackageJsonsVisibleToFile(fromFile.fileName)) || getPackageJsonsVisibleToFile(fromFile.fileName, host)
          ).filter(p => p.parseable);

        let usesNodeCoreModules: boolean | undefined;
        return { allowsImportingAmbientModule, allowsImportingSourceFile, allowsImportingSpecifier };

        function moduleSpecifierIsCoveredByPackageJson(specifier: string) {
            const packageName = getNodeModuleRootSpecifier(specifier);
            for (const packageJson of packageJsons) {
                if (packageJson.has(packageName) || packageJson.has(getTypesPackageName(packageName))) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        function allowsImportingAmbientModule(moduleSymbol: Symbol, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost: ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost): boolean {
            if (!packageJsons.length || !moduleSymbol.valueDeclaration) {
                return true;
            }

            const declaringSourceFile = moduleSymbol.valueDeclaration.getSourceFile();
            const declaringNodeModuleName = getNodeModulesPackageNameFromFileName(declaringSourceFile.fileName, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost);
            if (typeof declaringNodeModuleName === "undefined") {
                return true;
            }

            const declaredModuleSpecifier = stripQuotes(moduleSymbol.getName());
            if (isAllowedCoreNodeModulesImport(declaredModuleSpecifier)) {
                return true;
            }

            return moduleSpecifierIsCoveredByPackageJson(declaringNodeModuleName)
                || moduleSpecifierIsCoveredByPackageJson(declaredModuleSpecifier);
        }

        function allowsImportingSourceFile(sourceFile: SourceFile, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost: ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost): boolean {
            if (!packageJsons.length) {
                return true;
            }

            const moduleSpecifier = getNodeModulesPackageNameFromFileName(sourceFile.fileName, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost);
            if (!moduleSpecifier) {
                return true;
            }

            return moduleSpecifierIsCoveredByPackageJson(moduleSpecifier);
        }

        function allowsImportingSpecifier(moduleSpecifier: string) {
            if (!packageJsons.length || isAllowedCoreNodeModulesImport(moduleSpecifier)) {
                return true;
            }
            if (pathIsRelative(moduleSpecifier) || isRootedDiskPath(moduleSpecifier)) {
                return true;
            }
            return moduleSpecifierIsCoveredByPackageJson(moduleSpecifier);
        }

        function isAllowedCoreNodeModulesImport(moduleSpecifier: string) {
            // If we’re in JavaScript, it can be difficult to tell whether the user wants to import
            // from Node core modules or not. We can start by seeing if the user is actually using
            // any node core modules, as opposed to simply having @types/node accidentally as a
            // dependency of a dependency.
            if (isSourceFileJS(fromFile) && JsTyping.nodeCoreModules.has(moduleSpecifier)) {
                if (usesNodeCoreModules === undefined) {
                    usesNodeCoreModules = consumesNodeCoreModules(fromFile);
                }
                if (usesNodeCoreModules) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        function getNodeModulesPackageNameFromFileName(importedFileName: string, moduleSpecifierResolutionHost: ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost): string | undefined {
            if (!stringContains(importedFileName, "node_modules")) {
                return undefined;
            }
            const specifier = moduleSpecifiers.getNodeModulesPackageName(
                host.getCompilationSettings(),
                fromFile,
                importedFileName,
                moduleSpecifierResolutionHost,
                preferences,
            );

            if (!specifier) {
                return undefined;
            }
            // Paths here are not node_modules, so we don’t care about them;
            // returning anything will trigger a lookup in package.json.
            if (!pathIsRelative(specifier) && !isRootedDiskPath(specifier)) {
                return getNodeModuleRootSpecifier(specifier);
            }
        }

        function getNodeModuleRootSpecifier(fullSpecifier: string): string {
            const components = getPathComponents(getPackageNameFromTypesPackageName(fullSpecifier)).slice(1);
            // Scoped packages
            if (startsWith(components[0], "@")) {
                return `${components[0]}/${components[1]}`;
            }
            return components[0];
        }
    }

    function tryParseJson(text: string) {
        try {
            return JSON.parse(text);
        }
        catch {
            return undefined;
        }
    }

    export function consumesNodeCoreModules(sourceFile: SourceFile): boolean {
        return some(sourceFile.imports, ({ text }) => JsTyping.nodeCoreModules.has(text));
    }

    export function isInsideNodeModules(fileOrDirectory: string): boolean {
        return contains(getPathComponents(fileOrDirectory), "node_modules");
    }

    export function isDiagnosticWithLocation(diagnostic: Diagnostic): diagnostic is DiagnosticWithLocation {
        return diagnostic.file !== undefined && diagnostic.start !== undefined && diagnostic.length !== undefined;
    }

    export function findDiagnosticForNode(node: Node, sortedFileDiagnostics: readonly Diagnostic[]): DiagnosticWithLocation | undefined {
        const span: Partial<TextSpan> = createTextSpanFromNode(node);
        const index = binarySearchKey(sortedFileDiagnostics, span, identity, compareTextSpans);
        if (index >= 0) {
            const diagnostic = sortedFileDiagnostics[index];
            Debug.assertEqual(diagnostic.file, node.getSourceFile(), "Diagnostics proided to 'findDiagnosticForNode' must be from a single SourceFile");
            return cast(diagnostic, isDiagnosticWithLocation);
        }
    }

    export function getDiagnosticsWithinSpan(span: TextSpan, sortedFileDiagnostics: readonly Diagnostic[]): readonly DiagnosticWithLocation[] {
        let index = binarySearchKey(sortedFileDiagnostics, span.start, diag => diag.start, compareValues);
        if (index < 0) {
            index = ~index;
        }
        while (sortedFileDiagnostics[index - 1]?.start === span.start) {
            index--;
        }

        const result: DiagnosticWithLocation[] = [];
        const end = textSpanEnd(span);
        while (true) {
            const diagnostic = tryCast(sortedFileDiagnostics[index], isDiagnosticWithLocation);
            if (!diagnostic || diagnostic.start > end) {
                break;
            }
            if (textSpanContainsTextSpan(span, diagnostic)) {
                result.push(diagnostic);
            }
            index++;
        }

        return result;
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function getRefactorContextSpan({ startPosition, endPosition }: RefactorContext): TextSpan {
        return createTextSpanFromBounds(startPosition, endPosition === undefined ? startPosition : endPosition);
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function getFixableErrorSpanExpression(sourceFile: SourceFile, span: TextSpan): Expression | undefined {
        const token = getTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, span.start);
        // Checker has already done work to determine that await might be possible, and has attached
        // related info to the node, so start by finding the expression that exactly matches up
        // with the diagnostic range.
        const expression = findAncestor(token, node => {
            if (node.getStart(sourceFile) < span.start || node.getEnd() > textSpanEnd(span)) {
                return "quit";
            }
            return isExpression(node) && textSpansEqual(span, createTextSpanFromNode(node, sourceFile));
        }) as Expression | undefined;

        return expression;
    }

    /**
     * If the provided value is an array, the mapping function is applied to each element; otherwise, the mapping function is applied
     * to the provided value itself.
     */
    export function mapOneOrMany<T, U>(valueOrArray: T | readonly T[], f: (x: T, i: number) => U): U | U[];
    export function mapOneOrMany<T, U>(valueOrArray: T | readonly T[] | undefined, f: (x: T, i: number) => U): U | U[] | undefined;
    export function mapOneOrMany<T, U>(valueOrArray: T | readonly T[], f: (x: T, i: number) => U, resultSelector: (x: U[]) => U): U;
    export function mapOneOrMany<T, U>(valueOrArray: T | readonly T[] | undefined, f: (x: T, i: number) => U, resultSelector: (x: U[]) => U): U | undefined;
    export function mapOneOrMany<T, U>(valueOrArray: T | readonly T[] | undefined, f: (x: T, i: number) => U, resultSelector: (x: U[]) => U | U[] = identity): U | U[] | undefined {
        return valueOrArray ? isArray(valueOrArray) ? resultSelector(map(valueOrArray, f)) : f(valueOrArray, 0) : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * If the provided value is an array, the first element of the array is returned; otherwise, the provided value is returned instead.
     */
    export function firstOrOnly<T>(valueOrArray: T | readonly T[]): T {
        return isArray(valueOrArray) ? first(valueOrArray) : valueOrArray;
    }

    export function getNamesForExportedSymbol(symbol: Symbol, scriptTarget: ScriptTarget | undefined): string | [lowercase: string, capitalized: string] {
        if (needsNameFromDeclaration(symbol)) {
            const fromDeclaration = getDefaultLikeExportNameFromDeclaration(symbol);
            if (fromDeclaration) return fromDeclaration;
            const fileNameCase = codefix.moduleSymbolToValidIdentifier(getSymbolParentOrFail(symbol), scriptTarget, /*preferCapitalized*/ false);
            const capitalized = codefix.moduleSymbolToValidIdentifier(getSymbolParentOrFail(symbol), scriptTarget, /*preferCapitalized*/ true);
            if (fileNameCase === capitalized) return fileNameCase;
            return [fileNameCase, capitalized];
        }
        return symbol.name;
    }

    export function getNameForExportedSymbol(symbol: Symbol, scriptTarget: ScriptTarget | undefined, preferCapitalized?: boolean) {
        if (needsNameFromDeclaration(symbol)) {
            // Name of "export default foo;" is "foo". Name of "export default 0" is the filename converted to camelCase.
            return getDefaultLikeExportNameFromDeclaration(symbol)
                || codefix.moduleSymbolToValidIdentifier(getSymbolParentOrFail(symbol), scriptTarget, !!preferCapitalized);
        }
        return symbol.name;

    }

    function needsNameFromDeclaration(symbol: Symbol) {
        return !(symbol.flags & SymbolFlags.Transient) && (symbol.escapedName === InternalSymbolName.ExportEquals || symbol.escapedName === InternalSymbolName.Default);
    }

    function getDefaultLikeExportNameFromDeclaration(symbol: Symbol) {
        return firstDefined(symbol.declarations, d => isExportAssignment(d) ? tryCast(skipOuterExpressions(d.expression), isIdentifier)?.text : undefined);
    }

    function getSymbolParentOrFail(symbol: Symbol) {
        return Debug.checkDefined(
            symbol.parent,
            `Symbol parent was undefined. Flags: ${Debug.formatSymbolFlags(symbol.flags)}. ` +
            `Declarations: ${symbol.declarations?.map(d => {
                const kind = Debug.formatSyntaxKind(d.kind);
                const inJS = isInJSFile(d);
                const { expression } = d as any;
                return (inJS ? "[JS]" : "") + kind + (expression ? ` (expression: ${Debug.formatSyntaxKind(expression.kind)})` : "");
            }).join(", ")}.`);
    }

    /**
     * Useful to check whether a string contains another string at a specific index
     * without allocating another string or traversing the entire contents of the outer string.
     *
     * This function is useful in place of either of the following:
     *
     * ```ts
     * // Allocates
     * haystack.substr(startIndex, needle.length) === needle
     *
     * // Full traversal
     * haystack.indexOf(needle, startIndex) === startIndex
     * ```
     *
     * @param haystack The string that potentially contains `needle`.
     * @param needle The string whose content might sit within `haystack`.
     * @param startIndex The index within `haystack` to start searching for `needle`.
     */
    export function stringContainsAt(haystack: string, needle: string, startIndex: number) {
        const needleLength = needle.length;
        if (needleLength + startIndex > haystack.length) {
            return false;
        }
        for (let i = 0; i < needleLength; i++) {
            if (needle.charCodeAt(i) !== haystack.charCodeAt(i + startIndex)) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    export function startsWithUnderscore(name: string): boolean {
        return name.charCodeAt(0) === CharacterCodes._;
    }

    export function isGlobalDeclaration(declaration: Declaration) {
        return !isNonGlobalDeclaration(declaration);
    }

    export function isNonGlobalDeclaration(declaration: Declaration) {
        const sourceFile = declaration.getSourceFile();
        // If the file is not a module, the declaration is global
        if (!sourceFile.externalModuleIndicator && !sourceFile.commonJsModuleIndicator) {
            return false;
        }
        // If the file is a module written in TypeScript, it still might be in a `declare global` augmentation
        return isInJSFile(declaration) || !findAncestor(declaration, isGlobalScopeAugmentation);
    }

    export function isDeprecatedDeclaration(decl: Declaration) {
        return !!(getCombinedNodeFlagsAlwaysIncludeJSDoc(decl) & ModifierFlags.Deprecated);
    }

    export function shouldUseUriStyleNodeCoreModules(file: SourceFile, program: Program): boolean {
        const decisionFromFile = firstDefined(file.imports, node => {
            if (JsTyping.nodeCoreModules.has(node.text)) {
                return startsWith(node.text, "node:");
            }
        });
        return decisionFromFile ?? program.usesUriStyleNodeCoreModules;
    }

    export function getNewLineKind(newLineCharacter: string): NewLineKind {
        return newLineCharacter === "\n" ? NewLineKind.LineFeed : NewLineKind.CarriageReturnLineFeed;
    }

    export type DiagnosticAndArguments = DiagnosticMessage | [DiagnosticMessage, string] | [DiagnosticMessage, string, string];
    export function diagnosticToString(diag: DiagnosticAndArguments): string {
        return isArray(diag)
            ? formatStringFromArgs(getLocaleSpecificMessage(diag[0]), diag.slice(1) as readonly string[])
            : getLocaleSpecificMessage(diag);
    }

    /**
     * Get format code settings for a code writing context (e.g. when formatting text changes or completions code).
     */
    export function getFormatCodeSettingsForWriting({ options }: formatting.FormatContext, sourceFile: SourceFile): FormatCodeSettings {
        const shouldAutoDetectSemicolonPreference = !options.semicolons || options.semicolons === SemicolonPreference.Ignore;
        const shouldRemoveSemicolons = options.semicolons === SemicolonPreference.Remove || shouldAutoDetectSemicolonPreference && !probablyUsesSemicolons(sourceFile);
        return {
            ...options,
            semicolons: shouldRemoveSemicolons ? SemicolonPreference.Remove : SemicolonPreference.Ignore,
        };
    }

    export function jsxModeNeedsExplicitImport(jsx: JsxEmit | undefined) {
        return jsx === JsxEmit.React || jsx === JsxEmit.ReactNative;
    }

    // #endregion
}