diff --git a/.github/workflows/r_package.yml b/.github/workflows/r_package.yml
index bff33548ce1..4f2243735cd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/r_package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/r_package.yml
@@ -98,6 +98,13 @@ jobs:
             toolchain: MSVC
             r_version: 4.0
             build_type: cmake
+          # Visual Studio 2022
+          - os: windows-2022
+            task: r-package
+            compiler: MSVC
+            toolchain: MSVC
+            r_version: 4.0
+            build_type: cmake
           ###############
           # CRAN builds #
           ###############
diff --git a/R-package/src/install.libs.R b/R-package/src/install.libs.R
index f292b43e318..b9019755b4f 100644
--- a/R-package/src/install.libs.R
+++ b/R-package/src/install.libs.R
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ if (!(R_int_UUID == "0310d4b8-ccb1-4bb8-ba94-d36a55f60262"
 # try to generate Visual Studio build files
 .generate_vs_makefiles <- function(cmake_args) {
   vs_versions <- c(
-    "Visual Studio 16 2019"
+    "Visual Studio 17 2022"
+    , "Visual Studio 16 2019"
     , "Visual Studio 15 2017"
     , "Visual Studio 14 2015"
   )
diff --git a/docs/Installation-Guide.rst b/docs/Installation-Guide.rst
index 876002268aa..6d6456ea71e 100644
--- a/docs/Installation-Guide.rst
+++ b/docs/Installation-Guide.rst
@@ -581,7 +581,9 @@ Following procedure is for the **MSVC** (Microsoft Visual C++) build.
 
    Visual Studio 2017 -> ``msvc-14.1-64.exe``,
 
-   Visual Studio 2019 -> ``msvc-14.2-64.exe``.
+   Visual Studio 2019 -> ``msvc-14.2-64.exe``,
+
+   Visual Studio 2022 -> ``msvc-14.3-64.exe``.
 
 4. Run the following commands:
 
diff --git a/python-package/setup.py b/python-package/setup.py
index 3cdcb7e12b8..53e84b03bf6 100644
--- a/python-package/setup.py
+++ b/python-package/setup.py
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def compile_cpp(
             lib_path = CURRENT_DIR / "compile" / "windows" / "x64" / "DLL" / "lib_lightgbm.dll"
             if not any((use_gpu, use_cuda, use_mpi, use_hdfs, nomp, bit32, integrated_opencl)):
                 logger.info("Starting to compile with MSBuild from existing solution file.")
-                platform_toolsets = ("v142", "v141", "v140")
+                platform_toolsets = ("v143", "v142", "v141", "v140")
                 for pt in platform_toolsets:
                     status = silent_call(["MSBuild",
                                           str(CURRENT_DIR / "compile" / "windows" / "LightGBM.sln"),
@@ -180,7 +180,12 @@ def compile_cpp(
                     logger.warning("Compilation with MSBuild from existing solution file failed.")
             if status != 0 or not lib_path.is_file():
                 arch = "Win32" if bit32 else "x64"
-                vs_versions = ("Visual Studio 16 2019", "Visual Studio 15 2017", "Visual Studio 14 2015")
+                vs_versions = (
+                    "Visual Studio 17 2022",
+                    "Visual Studio 16 2019",
+                    "Visual Studio 15 2017",
+                    "Visual Studio 14 2015"
+                )
                 for vs in vs_versions:
                     logger.info(f"Starting to compile with {vs} ({arch}).")
                     status = silent_call(cmake_cmd + ["-G", vs, "-A", arch])