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ProofWidgets

ProofWidgets is a library of user interface components for Lean 4. It supports:

  • symbolic visualizations of mathematical objects and data structures
  • data visualization
  • interfaces for tactics and tactic modes
  • alternative and domain-specific goal state displays
  • user interfaces for entering expressions and editing proofs

Authors: Wojciech Nawrocki, E.W.Ayers with contributions from Tomáš Skřivan

How does ProofWidgets relate to user widgets?

ProofWidgets relies on the user widgets mechanism built into Lean. User widgets provide the minimum of functionality needed to enable custom user interfaces. ProofWidgets builds on top of this with a higher-level component library, syntax sugar, and user-friendly abstractions. Stable parts of ProofWidgets may eventually be backported into Lean core, but ProofWidgets overall will remain a separate library for the foreseeable future.

Usage

Viewing the demos

The easiest way to get started is to clone a release tag of ProofWidgets and run lake build :release, as follows:

# You should replace v0.0.3 with the latest version published under Releases
git clone https://github.com/leanprover-community/ProofWidgets4 --branch v0.0.3
cd ProofWidgets4/
lake build :release

After doing this you will hopefully be able to view the demos in ProofWidgets/Demos/. Top tip: use the pushpin icon (pin) to keep a widget in view. You can then live code your widgets.

Using ProofWidgets as a dependency

Put this in your lakefile.lean, making sure to reference a release tag rather than the main branch:

-- You should replace v0.0.3 with the latest version published under Releases
require proofwidgets from git "https://github.com/leanprover-community/ProofWidgets4"@"v0.0.3"

Note that developing ProofWidgets involves building TypeScript code with NPM. When depending on ProofWidgets but not writing any custom TypeScript yourself, you likely want to spare yourself and your users from having to run NPM. ProofWidgets is configured to use Lake's cloud releases feature which will automatically fetch pre-built JavaScript files as long as you require a release tag rather than the main branch. In this mode, you don't need to have NPM installed.

Features

Red-black tree

JSX-like syntax

import ProofWidgets.Component.HtmlDisplay
open scoped ProofWidgets.Jsx

-- click on the line below to see it in your infoview!
#html <b>You can use HTML in lean! {toString <| 1 + 2>}</b>

See the Jsx.lean and ExprPresentation.lean demos.

Support for libraries

We have good support for building diagrams with Penrose, and expose some Recharts components for plotting functions and other kinds of data. See the Venn.lean and Plot.lean demos.

For more purpose-specific integrations of libraries see the Rubiks.lean and RbTree.lean demos.

Custom Expr displays

Just like delaborators and unexpanders allow you to customize how expressions are displayed as text, ProofWidgets allows "delaborating" into (potentially interactive) HTML. See the ExprPresentation.lean demo.

Multi-stage interactions

Proof widgets can be used to create proving loops involving user interactions and running tactics in the background. See the LazyComputation.lean demo, and the Conv.lean demo for an example of editing the proof script.

Animated HTML

As a hidden feature, you can also make animated widgets using the AnimatedHtml component. This works particularly well with libraries that ease between different plots, for example Recharts. You can see an example of how to do this in the Plot.lean demo.

Developing ProofWidgets

Contributions are welcome! Check out issues tagged with "good first issue".

The package consists of widget user interface modules written in TypeScript (under widget/), and Lean modules (under ProofWidgets/). To build ProofWidgets from source, you must have NPM (the Node.js package manager) installed. During a build, we first compile the TypeScript widget code using NPM, and afterwards build all Lean modules. Lean modules may use TypeScript compilation outputs. The Lakefile handles all of this, so executing lake build should suffice to build the entire package. In order to build only the TypeScript, run lake build widgetJsAll. Widgets can also be built in development mode using lake build widgetJsAllDev. This makes them easier to inspect in developer tools.

💡 The NPM part of the build process may sometimes fail with missing packages. If this happens, run npm clean-install in the widget/ directory and then try lake build again.

We use the include_str term elaborator to splice the minified JavaScript produced during the first part of the build (by tsc and Rollup) into ProofWidgets Lean modules. The minifed JS is stored in .lake/build/js/. Modifying any TypeScript source will trigger a rebuild, and should correctly propagate the new minified code to where it used in Lean.

⚠️ Note however that due to Lake issue #86, all the widget sources are rebuilt whenever any single one changes, which might take a while.

Cite

We have written a paper describing the design of ProofWidgets4.

If this work helps you in your own research, you can cite it as follows:

@InProceedings{nawrocki_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2023.24,
  author =	{Nawrocki, Wojciech and Ayers, Edward W. and Ebner, Gabriel},
  title =	{{An Extensible User Interface for Lean 4}},
  booktitle =	{14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-284-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{268},
  editor =	{Naumowicz, Adam and Thiemann, Ren\'{e}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2023/18399},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183991},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: user interfaces, human-computer interaction, Lean}
}