diff --git a/jwt/api_jws.py b/jwt/api_jws.py
index 9e8e1787..f32de8fb 100644
--- a/jwt/api_jws.py
+++ b/jwt/api_jws.py
@@ -80,34 +80,54 @@ def encode(
         algorithm: Optional[str] = "HS256",
         headers: Optional[Dict] = None,
         json_encoder: Optional[Type[json.JSONEncoder]] = None,
+        is_payload_detached: bool = False,
     ) -> str:
         segments = []
 
         if algorithm is None:
             algorithm = "none"
 
-        # Prefer headers["alg"] if present to algorithm parameter.
-        if headers and "alg" in headers and headers["alg"]:
-            algorithm = headers["alg"]
+        # Prefer headers values if present to function parameters.
+        if headers:
+            headers_alg = headers.get("alg")
+            if headers_alg:
+                algorithm = headers["alg"]
+
+            headers_b64 = headers.get("b64")
+            if headers_b64 is False:
+                is_payload_detached = True
 
         # Header
-        header = {"typ": self.header_typ, "alg": algorithm}
+        header = {"typ": self.header_typ, "alg": algorithm}  # type: Dict[str, Any]
 
         if headers:
             self._validate_headers(headers)
             header.update(headers)
-            if not header["typ"]:
-                del header["typ"]
+
+        if not header["typ"]:
+            del header["typ"]
+
+        if is_payload_detached:
+            header["b64"] = False
+        elif "b64" in header:
+            # True is the standard value for b64, so no need for it
+            del header["b64"]
 
         json_header = json.dumps(
             header, separators=(",", ":"), cls=json_encoder
         ).encode()
 
         segments.append(base64url_encode(json_header))
-        segments.append(base64url_encode(payload))
+
+        if is_payload_detached:
+            msg_payload = payload
+        else:
+            msg_payload = base64url_encode(payload)
+        segments.append(msg_payload)
 
         # Segments
         signing_input = b".".join(segments)
+
         try:
             alg_obj = self._algorithms[algorithm]
             key = alg_obj.prepare_key(key)
@@ -119,11 +139,13 @@ def encode(
                     "Algorithm '%s' could not be found. Do you have cryptography "
                     "installed?" % algorithm
                 ) from e
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError("Algorithm not supported") from e
+            raise NotImplementedError("Algorithm not supported") from e
 
         segments.append(base64url_encode(signature))
 
+        # Don't put the payload content inside the encoded token when detached
+        if is_payload_detached:
+            segments[1] = b""
         encoded_string = b".".join(segments)
 
         return encoded_string.decode("utf-8")
@@ -134,6 +156,7 @@ def decode_complete(
         key: str = "",
         algorithms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         options: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        detached_payload: Optional[bytes] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         if options is None:
@@ -148,6 +171,14 @@ def decode_complete(
 
         payload, signing_input, header, signature = self._load(jwt)
 
+        if header.get("b64", True) is False:
+            if detached_payload is None:
+                raise DecodeError(
+                    'It is required that you pass in a value for the "detached_payload" argument to decode a message having the b64 header set to false.'
+                )
+            payload = detached_payload
+            signing_input = b".".join([signing_input.rsplit(b".", 1)[0], payload])
+
         if verify_signature:
             self._verify_signature(signing_input, header, signature, key, algorithms)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_api_jws.py b/tests/test_api_jws.py
index 07d15110..0a0e2954 100644
--- a/tests/test_api_jws.py
+++ b/tests/test_api_jws.py
@@ -719,3 +719,54 @@ def test_encode_fails_on_invalid_kid_types(self, jws, payload):
             jws.encode(payload, "secret", headers={"kid": None})
 
         assert "Key ID header parameter must be a string" == str(exc.value)
+
+    def test_encode_decode_with_detached_content(self, jws, payload):
+        secret = "secret"
+        jws_message = jws.encode(
+            payload, secret, algorithm="HS256", is_payload_detached=True
+        )
+
+        jws.decode(jws_message, secret, algorithms=["HS256"], detached_payload=payload)
+
+    def test_encode_detached_content_with_b64_header(self, jws, payload):
+        secret = "secret"
+
+        # Check that detached content is automatically detected when b64 is false
+        headers = {"b64": False}
+        token = jws.encode(payload, secret, "HS256", headers)
+
+        msg_header, msg_payload, _ = token.split(".")
+        msg_header = base64url_decode(msg_header.encode())
+        msg_header_obj = json.loads(msg_header)
+
+        assert "b64" in msg_header_obj
+        assert msg_header_obj["b64"] is False
+        # Check that the payload is not inside the token
+        assert not msg_payload
+
+        # Check that content is not detached and b64 header removed when b64 is true
+        headers = {"b64": True}
+        token = jws.encode(payload, secret, "HS256", headers)
+
+        msg_header, msg_payload, _ = token.split(".")
+        msg_header = base64url_decode(msg_header.encode())
+        msg_header_obj = json.loads(msg_header)
+
+        assert "b64" not in msg_header_obj
+        assert msg_payload
+
+    def test_decode_detached_content_without_proper_argument(self, jws):
+        example_jws = (
+            "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2V9"
+            "."
+            ".65yNkX_ZH4A_6pHaTL_eI84OXOHtfl4K0k5UnlXZ8f4"
+        )
+        example_secret = "secret"
+
+        with pytest.raises(DecodeError) as exc:
+            jws.decode(example_jws, example_secret, algorithms=["HS256"])
+
+        assert (
+            'It is required that you pass in a value for the "detached_payload" argument to decode a message having the b64 header set to false.'
+            in str(exc.value)
+        )