diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 772c0304c42e..445c90effdbd 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
-- `[@jest/transform]` Update dependency package `pirates` to 4.0.4 ([#12136](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12136))
 - `[jest-environment-node]` Add `AbortSignal` ([#12157](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12157))
 - `[jest-environment-node]` Add Missing node global `performance` ([#12002](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12002))
+- `[jest-runtime]` Handle missing `mocked` property ([#12002](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12002))
+- `[@jest/transform]` Update dependency package `pirates` to 4.0.4 ([#12213](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12213))
 
 ### Chore & Maintenance
 
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/testEnvironment.test.ts b/e2e/__tests__/testEnvironment.test.ts
index 8b70dab5d7d4..9c9a7e825d2e 100644
--- a/e2e/__tests__/testEnvironment.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/testEnvironment.test.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,18 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
-import {json as runWithJson} from '../runJest';
+import {tmpdir} from 'os';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import slash = require('slash');
+import {cleanup, createEmptyPackage, writeFiles} from '../Utils';
+import runJest, {json as runWithJson} from '../runJest';
 import * as testFixturePackage from '../test-environment/package.json';
 
+const DIR = path.resolve(tmpdir(), 'test-env-no-mocked');
+
+beforeEach(() => cleanup(DIR));
+afterAll(() => cleanup(DIR));
+
 it('respects testEnvironment docblock', () => {
   expect(testFixturePackage.jest.testEnvironment).toEqual('node');
 
@@ -16,3 +25,40 @@ it('respects testEnvironment docblock', () => {
   expect(result.success).toBe(true);
   expect(result.numTotalTests).toBe(3);
 });
+
+it('handles missing `mocked` property', () => {
+  createEmptyPackage(DIR);
+  writeFiles(DIR, {
+    'env.js': `
+      const Node = require('${slash(
+        require.resolve('jest-environment-node'),
+      )}');
+
+      module.exports = class Thing extends Node {
+        constructor(...args) {
+          super(...args);
+
+          this.moduleMocker.mocked = undefined;
+        }
+      };
+    `,
+    'test.js': `
+      /**
+       * @jest-environment ./env.js
+       */
+
+      jest.mocked();
+
+      test('halla', () => {
+        expect(global.thing).toBe('nope');
+      });
+    `,
+  });
+
+  const {exitCode, stderr} = runJest(DIR);
+
+  expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  expect(stderr).toContain(
+    'Your test environment does not support `mocked`, please update it.',
+  );
+});
diff --git a/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
index 3fd0f6d21dbd..69fd7a6c9db7 100644
--- a/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
@@ -1924,7 +1924,13 @@ export default class Runtime {
     };
     const fn = this._moduleMocker.fn.bind(this._moduleMocker);
     const spyOn = this._moduleMocker.spyOn.bind(this._moduleMocker);
-    const mocked = this._moduleMocker.mocked.bind(this._moduleMocker);
+    const mocked =
+      this._moduleMocker.mocked?.bind(this._moduleMocker) ??
+      (() => {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Your test environment does not support `mocked`, please update it.',
+        );
+      });
 
     const setTimeout = (timeout: number) => {
       if (this._environment.global.jasmine) {