diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 7f621f66b734..1d6c19c7c57a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 - `[jest-core]` Run failed tests interactively the same way we do with snapshots ([#10858](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10858))
 - `[jest-core]` more `TestSequencer` methods can be async ([#10980](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10980))
 - `[jest-core]` Add support for `testSequencer` written in ESM ([#11207](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11207))
+- `[jest-core]` Add support for `globalSetup` and `globalTeardown` written in ESM ([#11267](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11267))
 - `[jest-environment-node]` Add AbortController to globals ([#11182](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11182))
 - `[@jest/fake-timers]` Update to `@sinonjs/fake-timers` to v7 ([#11198](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11198))
 - `[jest-haste-map]` Handle injected scm clocks ([#10966](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10966))
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/globalSetup.test.ts b/e2e/__tests__/globalSetup.test.ts
index 04e08bd4fa0d..bb104b6a4e4d 100644
--- a/e2e/__tests__/globalSetup.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/globalSetup.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import {tmpdir} from 'os';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as fs from 'graceful-fs';
+import {onNodeVersions} from '@jest/test-utils';
 import {
   cleanup,
   createEmptyPackage,
@@ -192,3 +193,13 @@ test('properly handle rejections', () => {
   expect(stderr).toContain('Error: Jest: Got error running globalSetup');
   expect(stderr).toContain('reason: undefined');
 });
+
+onNodeVersions('^12.17.0 || >=13.2.0', () => {
+  test('globalSetup works with ESM modules', () => {
+    const {exitCode} = runJest('global-setup-esm', [`--no-cache`], {
+      nodeOptions: '--experimental-vm-modules --no-warnings',
+    });
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/globalTeardown.test.ts b/e2e/__tests__/globalTeardown.test.ts
index 200faff130f4..5f9a9ef78813 100644
--- a/e2e/__tests__/globalTeardown.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/globalTeardown.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import {tmpdir} from 'os';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as fs from 'graceful-fs';
+import {onNodeVersions} from '@jest/test-utils';
 import {createDirectory} from 'jest-util';
 import {cleanup, runYarnInstall} from '../Utils';
 import runJest, {json as runWithJson} from '../runJest';
@@ -131,3 +132,13 @@ test('globalTeardown throws with named export', () => {
     `globalTeardown file must export a function at ${teardownPath}`,
   );
 });
+
+onNodeVersions('^12.17.0 || >=13.2.0', () => {
+  test('globalTeardown works with ESM modules', () => {
+    const {exitCode} = runJest('global-teardown-esm', [`--no-cache`], {
+      nodeOptions: '--experimental-vm-modules --no-warnings',
+    });
+
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/e2e/global-setup-esm/__tests__/test.js b/e2e/global-setup-esm/__tests__/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a9dc9e0c339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-setup-esm/__tests__/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import os from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'graceful-fs';
+import greeting from '../';
+
+const DIR = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'jest-global-setup-esm');
+
+test('should exist setup file', () => {
+  const files = fs.readdirSync(DIR);
+  expect(files).toHaveLength(1);
+  const setup = fs.readFileSync(path.join(DIR, files[0]), 'utf8');
+  expect(setup).toBe('setup');
+});
diff --git a/e2e/global-setup-esm/index.js b/e2e/global-setup-esm/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6780e1013e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-setup-esm/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+export default 'hello!';
diff --git a/e2e/global-setup-esm/package.json b/e2e/global-setup-esm/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5771bc560de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-setup-esm/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "type": "module",
+  "jest": {
+    "testEnvironment": "node",
+    "globalSetup": "<rootDir>/setup.js",
+    "transform": {}
+  }
+}
diff --git a/e2e/global-setup-esm/setup.js b/e2e/global-setup-esm/setup.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..144cca53cf80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-setup-esm/setup.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+import crypto from 'crypto';
+import os from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'graceful-fs';
+import jestUtil from 'jest-util';
+
+const {createDirectory} = jestUtil;
+
+const DIR = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'jest-global-setup-esm');
+
+export default function () {
+  return new Promise(resolve => {
+    createDirectory(DIR);
+    const fileId = crypto.randomBytes(20).toString('hex');
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(DIR, fileId), 'setup');
+    resolve();
+  });
+}
diff --git a/e2e/global-teardown-esm/__tests__/test.js b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/__tests__/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6c5dfb67b485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/__tests__/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import os from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'graceful-fs';
+import greeting from '../';
+
+const DIR = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'jest-global-teardown-esm');
+
+test('should not exist teardown file', () => {
+  expect(fs.existsSync(DIR)).toBe(false);
+});
diff --git a/e2e/global-teardown-esm/index.js b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6780e1013e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+export default 'hello!';
diff --git a/e2e/global-teardown-esm/package.json b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..835bbfd6931e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "type": "module",
+  "jest": {
+    "testEnvironment": "node",
+    "globalTeardown": "<rootDir>/teardown.js",
+    "transform": {}
+  }
+}
diff --git a/e2e/global-teardown-esm/teardown.js b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/teardown.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..314c4bdf6c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/global-teardown-esm/teardown.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+import crypto from 'crypto';
+import os from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'graceful-fs';
+import jestUtil from 'jest-util';
+
+const {createDirectory} = jestUtil;
+
+const DIR = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'jest-global-teardown-esm');
+
+export default function () {
+  return new Promise(resolve => {
+    createDirectory(DIR);
+    const fileId = crypto.randomBytes(20).toString('hex');
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(DIR, fileId), 'teardown');
+    resolve();
+  });
+}
diff --git a/packages/jest-core/src/runGlobalHook.ts b/packages/jest-core/src/runGlobalHook.ts
index 900749b68b9d..10e817e4829c 100644
--- a/packages/jest-core/src/runGlobalHook.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-core/src/runGlobalHook.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
+import {pathToFileURL} from 'url';
 import * as util from 'util';
 import pEachSeries = require('p-each-series');
 import {createScriptTransformer} from '@jest/transform';
@@ -60,18 +61,41 @@ export default async ({
           await globalModule(globalConfig);
         });
       } catch (error) {
-        if (util.types.isNativeError(error)) {
-          error.message = `Jest: Got error running ${moduleName} - ${modulePath}, reason: ${error.message}`;
+        if (error && error.code === 'ERR_REQUIRE_ESM') {
+          const configUrl = pathToFileURL(modulePath);
 
-          throw error;
-        }
+          // node `import()` supports URL, but TypeScript doesn't know that
+          const importedConfig = await import(configUrl.href);
+
+          if (!importedConfig.default) {
+            throw new Error(
+              `Jest: Failed to load ESM transformer at ${modulePath} - did you use a default export?`,
+            );
+          }
+
+          const globalModule = importedConfig.default;
+
+          if (typeof globalModule !== 'function') {
+            throw new TypeError(
+              `${moduleName} file must export a function at ${modulePath}`,
+            );
+          }
+
+          await globalModule(globalConfig);
+        } else {
+          if (util.types.isNativeError(error)) {
+            error.message = `Jest: Got error running ${moduleName} - ${modulePath}, reason: ${error.message}`;
+
+            throw error;
+          }
 
-        throw new Error(
-          `Jest: Got error running ${moduleName} - ${modulePath}, reason: ${prettyFormat(
-            error,
-            {maxDepth: 3},
-          )}`,
-        );
+          throw new Error(
+            `Jest: Got error running ${moduleName} - ${modulePath}, reason: ${prettyFormat(
+              error,
+              {maxDepth: 3},
+            )}`,
+          );
+        }
       }
     });
   }