diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 88cfba26a809..337de80ea7f2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 ### Features
 
+- `[feat(@jest/mock)]` Add `withImplementation` method for temporarily overriding a mock.
 - `[feat(@jest/environment, jest-runtime)]` Allow `jest.requireActual` and `jest.requireMock` to take a type argument ([#13253](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/13253))
 - `[feat(@jest/environment]` Allow `jest.mock` and `jest.doMock` to take a type argument ([#13254](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/13254))
 - `[@jest/fake-timers]` Add `jest.now()` to return the current fake clock time ([#13244](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/13244), [13246](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/13246))
diff --git a/packages/jest-mock/README.md b/packages/jest-mock/README.md
index 5bc75093f8fa..5ec503f64e39 100644
--- a/packages/jest-mock/README.md
+++ b/packages/jest-mock/README.md
@@ -98,3 +98,9 @@ In case both `.mockImplementationOnce()` / `.mockImplementation()` and `.mockRet
 
 - if the last call is `.mockReturnValueOnce()` or `.mockReturnValue()`, use the specific return value or default return value. If specific return values are used up or no default return value is set, fall back to try `.mockImplementation()`;
 - if the last call is `.mockImplementationOnce()` or `.mockImplementation()`, run the specific implementation and return the result or run default implementation and return the result.
+
+##### `.withImplementation(function, callback)`
+
+Temporarily overrides the default mock implementation within the callback, then restores it's previous implementation.
+
+If the callback is async or returns a promise like object, `withImplementation` will return a promise. Awaiting the promise will await the callback and reset the implementation.
diff --git a/packages/jest-mock/src/__tests__/index.test.ts b/packages/jest-mock/src/__tests__/index.test.ts
index 6b9f716d7ef0..9f1efe45f5e1 100644
--- a/packages/jest-mock/src/__tests__/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-mock/src/__tests__/index.test.ts
@@ -1073,6 +1073,59 @@ describe('moduleMocker', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('withImplementation', () => {
+    it('sets an implementation which is available within the callback', async () => {
+      const mock1 = jest.fn();
+      const mock2 = jest.fn();
+
+      const Module = jest.fn(() => ({someFn: mock1}));
+      const testFn = function () {
+        const m = new Module();
+        m.someFn();
+      };
+
+      Module.withImplementation(
+        () => ({someFn: mock2}),
+        () => {
+          testFn();
+          expect(mock2).toHaveBeenCalled();
+          expect(mock1).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        },
+      );
+
+      testFn();
+      expect(mock1).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('returns a promise if the provided callback is asynchronous', async () => {
+      const mock1 = jest.fn();
+      const mock2 = jest.fn();
+
+      const Module = jest.fn(() => ({someFn: mock1}));
+      const testFn = function () {
+        const m = new Module();
+        m.someFn();
+      };
+
+      const promise = Module.withImplementation(
+        () => ({someFn: mock2}),
+        async () => {
+          testFn();
+          expect(mock2).toHaveBeenCalled();
+          expect(mock1).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        },
+      );
+
+      // Is there a better way to detect a promise?
+      expect(typeof promise.then).toBe('function');
+
+      await promise;
+
+      testFn();
+      expect(mock1).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
   test('mockReturnValue does not override mockImplementationOnce', () => {
     const mockFn = jest
       .fn()
diff --git a/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts
index 69319a05c583..f986d615d5b1 100644
--- a/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,12 @@ type RejectType<T extends FunctionLike> = ReturnType<T> extends PromiseLike<any>
   ? unknown
   : never;
 
+type WithImplementationSyncCallbackReturn = void | undefined;
+type WithImplementationAsyncCallbackReturn = Promise<unknown>;
+type WithImplementationCallbackReturn =
+  | WithImplementationSyncCallbackReturn
+  | WithImplementationAsyncCallbackReturn;
+
 export interface MockInstance<T extends FunctionLike = UnknownFunction> {
   _isMockFunction: true;
   _protoImpl: Function;
@@ -135,6 +141,12 @@ export interface MockInstance<T extends FunctionLike = UnknownFunction> {
   mockRestore(): void;
   mockImplementation(fn: T): this;
   mockImplementationOnce(fn: T): this;
+  withImplementation<R extends WithImplementationCallbackReturn>(
+    fn: T,
+    callback: () => R,
+  ): R extends WithImplementationAsyncCallbackReturn
+    ? Promise<void>
+    : undefined;
   mockName(name: string): this;
   mockReturnThis(): this;
   mockReturnValue(value: ReturnType<T>): this;
@@ -768,6 +780,34 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
         return f;
       };
 
+      f.withImplementation = <R extends WithImplementationCallbackReturn>(
+        fn: UnknownFunction,
+        callback: () => R,
+        // @ts-expect-error: Type guards are not advanced enough for this use case
+      ): R extends WithImplementationAsyncCallbackReturn
+        ? Promise<void>
+        : undefined => {
+        // Remember previous mock implementation, then set new one
+        const mockConfig = this._ensureMockConfig(f);
+        const previousImplementation = mockConfig.mockImpl;
+        mockConfig.mockImpl = fn;
+
+        const returnedValue = callback();
+
+        if (
+          typeof returnedValue === 'object' &&
+          returnedValue !== null &&
+          typeof returnedValue.then === 'function'
+        ) {
+          // @ts-expect-error: Type guards are not advanced enough for this use case
+          return returnedValue.then(() => {
+            mockConfig.mockImpl = previousImplementation;
+          });
+        } else {
+          mockConfig.mockImpl = previousImplementation;
+        }
+      };
+
       f.mockImplementation = (fn: UnknownFunction) => {
         // next function call will use mock implementation return value
         const mockConfig = this._ensureMockConfig(f);