diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 87393bcd6c9c..fd028883f897 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- `[jest-mock]` Improve `spyOn` typings to handle optional properties ([#13247](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/13247))
+
 ### Chore & Maintenance
 
 ### Performance
diff --git a/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/mock-functions.test.ts b/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/mock-functions.test.ts
index 6a7d6b82d0b6..0c747c2642e0 100644
--- a/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/mock-functions.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/mock-functions.test.ts
@@ -383,3 +383,79 @@ expectType<SpyInstance<(value: {a: string}) => void>>(
 expectError(spyOn(indexSpiedObject, 'propertyA'));
 
 expectError(spyOn(indexSpiedObject, 'notThere'));
+
+// interface with optional properties
+
+class SomeClass {
+  constructor(one: string, two?: boolean) {}
+
+  methodA() {
+    return true;
+  }
+  methodB(a: string, b?: number) {
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+interface OptionalInterface {
+  constructorA?: (new (one: string) => SomeClass) | undefined;
+  constructorB: new (one: string, two: boolean) => SomeClass;
+
+  propertyA?: number | undefined;
+  propertyB?: number;
+  propertyC: number | undefined;
+  propertyD: string;
+
+  methodA?: ((a: boolean) => void) | undefined;
+  methodB: (b: string) => boolean;
+}
+
+const optionalSpiedObject = {} as OptionalInterface;
+
+expectType<SpyInstance<(one: string) => SomeClass>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'constructorA'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<(one: string, two: boolean) => SomeClass>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'constructorB'),
+);
+
+expectError(spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'constructorA', 'get'));
+expectError(spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'constructorA', 'set'));
+
+expectType<SpyInstance<(a: boolean) => void>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'methodA'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<(b: string) => boolean>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'methodB'),
+);
+
+expectError(spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'methodA', 'get'));
+expectError(spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'methodA', 'set'));
+
+expectType<SpyInstance<() => number>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyA', 'get'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<(arg: number) => void>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyA', 'set'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<() => number>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyB', 'get'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<(arg: number) => void>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyB', 'set'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<() => number | undefined>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyC', 'get'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<(arg: number | undefined) => void>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyC', 'set'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<() => string>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyD', 'get'),
+);
+expectType<SpyInstance<(arg: string) => void>>(
+  spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyD', 'set'),
+);
+
+expectError(spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyA'));
+expectError(spyOn(optionalSpiedObject, 'propertyB'));
diff --git a/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/utility-types.test.ts b/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/utility-types.test.ts
index 1a991b0b4d5b..895b5f77defd 100644
--- a/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/utility-types.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-mock/__typetests__/utility-types.test.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ class IndexClass {
   }
 }
 
+interface OptionalInterface {
+  constructorA?: (new (one: string) => SomeClass) | undefined;
+  constructorB: new (one: string, two: boolean) => SomeClass;
+
+  propertyA?: number | undefined;
+  propertyB?: number;
+  propertyC: number | undefined;
+  propertyD: string;
+
+  methodA?: ((a: boolean) => void) | undefined;
+  methodB: (b: string) => boolean;
+}
+
 const someObject = {
   SomeClass,
 
@@ -118,19 +131,23 @@ expectNotAssignable<FunctionLike>(someObject);
 
 // ConstructorKeys
 
-declare const constructorKeys: ConstructorLikeKeys<SomeObject>;
+declare const interfaceConstructorKeys: ConstructorLikeKeys<OptionalInterface>;
+declare const objectConstructorKeys: ConstructorLikeKeys<SomeObject>;
 
-expectType<'SomeClass'>(constructorKeys);
+expectType<'constructorA' | 'constructorB'>(interfaceConstructorKeys);
+expectType<'SomeClass'>(objectConstructorKeys);
 
 // MethodKeys
 
 declare const classMethods: MethodLikeKeys<SomeClass>;
 declare const indexClassMethods: MethodLikeKeys<IndexClass>;
+declare const interfaceMethods: MethodLikeKeys<OptionalInterface>;
 declare const objectMethods: MethodLikeKeys<SomeObject>;
 declare const indexObjectMethods: MethodLikeKeys<IndexObject>;
 
 expectType<'methodA' | 'methodB'>(classMethods);
 expectType<'methodA' | 'methodB'>(indexClassMethods);
+expectType<'methodA' | 'methodB'>(interfaceMethods);
 expectType<'methodA' | 'methodB' | 'methodC'>(objectMethods);
 expectType<'methodA' | 'methodB' | 'methodC'>(indexObjectMethods);
 
@@ -138,10 +155,14 @@ expectType<'methodA' | 'methodB' | 'methodC'>(indexObjectMethods);
 
 declare const classProperties: PropertyLikeKeys<SomeClass>;
 declare const indexClassProperties: PropertyLikeKeys<IndexClass>;
+declare const interfaceProperties: PropertyLikeKeys<OptionalInterface>;
 declare const objectProperties: PropertyLikeKeys<SomeObject>;
 declare const indexObjectProperties: PropertyLikeKeys<IndexObject>;
 
 expectType<'propertyA' | 'propertyB' | 'propertyC'>(classProperties);
 expectType<string | number>(indexClassProperties);
+expectType<'propertyA' | 'propertyB' | 'propertyC' | 'propertyD'>(
+  interfaceProperties,
+);
 expectType<'propertyA' | 'propertyB' | 'someClassInstance'>(objectProperties);
 expectType<string | number>(indexObjectProperties);
diff --git a/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts
index 224ac7e9c70a..69319a05c583 100644
--- a/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-mock/src/index.ts
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ export type ClassLike = {new (...args: any): any};
 export type FunctionLike = (...args: any) => any;
 
 export type ConstructorLikeKeys<T> = keyof {
-  [K in keyof T as T[K] extends ClassLike ? K : never]: T[K];
+  [K in keyof T as Required<T>[K] extends ClassLike ? K : never]: T[K];
 };
 
 export type MethodLikeKeys<T> = keyof {
-  [K in keyof T as T[K] extends FunctionLike ? K : never]: T[K];
+  [K in keyof T as Required<T>[K] extends FunctionLike ? K : never]: T[K];
 };
 
 export type PropertyLikeKeys<T> = Exclude<
@@ -1008,40 +1008,48 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
     return fn;
   }
 
-  spyOn<T extends object, M extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>>(
+  spyOn<
+    T extends object,
+    K extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>,
+    V extends Required<T>[K],
+  >(object: T, methodKey: K, accessType: 'get'): SpyInstance<() => V>;
+
+  spyOn<
+    T extends object,
+    K extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>,
+    V extends Required<T>[K],
+  >(object: T, methodKey: K, accessType: 'set'): SpyInstance<(arg: V) => void>;
+
+  spyOn<
+    T extends object,
+    K extends ConstructorLikeKeys<T>,
+    V extends Required<T>[K],
+  >(
     object: T,
-    methodName: M,
-    accessType: 'get',
-  ): SpyInstance<() => T[M]>;
-
-  spyOn<T extends object, M extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>>(
-    object: T,
-    methodName: M,
-    accessType: 'set',
-  ): SpyInstance<(arg: T[M]) => void>;
-
-  spyOn<T extends object, M extends ConstructorLikeKeys<T>>(
-    object: T,
-    methodName: M,
-  ): T[M] extends ClassLike
-    ? SpyInstance<(...args: ConstructorParameters<T[M]>) => InstanceType<T[M]>>
+    methodKey: K,
+  ): V extends ClassLike
+    ? SpyInstance<(...args: ConstructorParameters<V>) => InstanceType<V>>
     : never;
 
-  spyOn<T extends object, M extends MethodLikeKeys<T>>(
+  spyOn<
+    T extends object,
+    K extends MethodLikeKeys<T>,
+    V extends Required<T>[K],
+  >(
     object: T,
-    methodName: M,
-  ): T[M] extends FunctionLike
-    ? SpyInstance<(...args: Parameters<T[M]>) => ReturnType<T[M]>>
+    methodKey: K,
+  ): V extends FunctionLike
+    ? SpyInstance<(...args: Parameters<V>) => ReturnType<V>>
     : never;
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types
-  spyOn<T extends object, M extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>>(
+  spyOn<T extends object, K extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>>(
     object: T,
-    methodName: M,
+    methodKey: K,
     accessType?: 'get' | 'set',
   ) {
     if (accessType) {
-      return this._spyOnProperty(object, methodName, accessType);
+      return this._spyOnProperty(object, methodKey, accessType);
     }
 
     if (typeof object !== 'object' && typeof object !== 'function') {
@@ -1050,13 +1058,13 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
       );
     }
 
-    const original = object[methodName];
+    const original = object[methodKey];
 
     if (!this.isMockFunction(original)) {
       if (typeof original !== 'function') {
         throw new Error(
           `Cannot spy the ${String(
-            methodName,
+            methodKey,
           )} property because it is not a function; ${this._typeOf(
             original,
           )} given instead`,
@@ -1065,14 +1073,14 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
 
       const isMethodOwner = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
         object,
-        methodName,
+        methodKey,
       );
 
-      let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, methodName);
+      let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, methodKey);
       let proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(object);
 
       while (!descriptor && proto !== null) {
-        descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(proto, methodName);
+        descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(proto, methodKey);
         proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto);
       }
 
@@ -1082,20 +1090,20 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
         const originalGet = descriptor.get;
         mock = this._makeComponent({type: 'function'}, () => {
           descriptor!.get = originalGet;
-          Object.defineProperty(object, methodName, descriptor!);
+          Object.defineProperty(object, methodKey, descriptor!);
         });
         descriptor.get = () => mock;
-        Object.defineProperty(object, methodName, descriptor);
+        Object.defineProperty(object, methodKey, descriptor);
       } else {
         mock = this._makeComponent({type: 'function'}, () => {
           if (isMethodOwner) {
-            object[methodName] = original;
+            object[methodKey] = original;
           } else {
-            delete object[methodName];
+            delete object[methodKey];
           }
         });
         // @ts-expect-error overriding original method with a Mock
-        object[methodName] = mock;
+        object[methodKey] = mock;
       }
 
       mock.mockImplementation(function (this: unknown) {
@@ -1103,13 +1111,13 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
       });
     }
 
-    return object[methodName];
+    return object[methodKey];
   }
 
-  private _spyOnProperty<T extends object, M extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>>(
+  private _spyOnProperty<T extends object, K extends PropertyLikeKeys<T>>(
     obj: T,
-    propertyName: M,
-    accessType: 'get' | 'set' = 'get',
+    propertyKey: K,
+    accessType: 'get' | 'set',
   ): Mock<() => T> {
     if (typeof obj !== 'object' && typeof obj !== 'function') {
       throw new Error(
@@ -1119,36 +1127,34 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
 
     if (!obj) {
       throw new Error(
-        `spyOn could not find an object to spy upon for ${String(
-          propertyName,
-        )}`,
+        `spyOn could not find an object to spy upon for ${String(propertyKey)}`,
       );
     }
 
-    if (!propertyName) {
+    if (!propertyKey) {
       throw new Error('No property name supplied');
     }
 
-    let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, propertyName);
+    let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, propertyKey);
     let proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj);
 
     while (!descriptor && proto !== null) {
-      descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(proto, propertyName);
+      descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(proto, propertyKey);
       proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto);
     }
 
     if (!descriptor) {
-      throw new Error(`${String(propertyName)} property does not exist`);
+      throw new Error(`${String(propertyKey)} property does not exist`);
     }
 
     if (!descriptor.configurable) {
-      throw new Error(`${String(propertyName)} is not declared configurable`);
+      throw new Error(`${String(propertyKey)} is not declared configurable`);
     }
 
     if (!descriptor[accessType]) {
       throw new Error(
         `Property ${String(
-          propertyName,
+          propertyKey,
         )} does not have access type ${accessType}`,
       );
     }
@@ -1159,7 +1165,7 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
       if (typeof original !== 'function') {
         throw new Error(
           `Cannot spy the ${String(
-            propertyName,
+            propertyKey,
           )} property because it is not a function; ${this._typeOf(
             original,
           )} given instead`,
@@ -1169,7 +1175,7 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
       descriptor[accessType] = this._makeComponent({type: 'function'}, () => {
         // @ts-expect-error: mock is assignable
         descriptor![accessType] = original;
-        Object.defineProperty(obj, propertyName, descriptor!);
+        Object.defineProperty(obj, propertyKey, descriptor!);
       });
 
       (descriptor[accessType] as Mock<() => T>).mockImplementation(function (
@@ -1180,7 +1186,7 @@ export class ModuleMocker {
       });
     }
 
-    Object.defineProperty(obj, propertyName, descriptor);
+    Object.defineProperty(obj, propertyKey, descriptor);
     return descriptor[accessType] as Mock<() => T>;
   }