diff --git a/piptools/scripts/compile.py b/piptools/scripts/compile.py
index 9424968ac..18a3b312f 100755
--- a/piptools/scripts/compile.py
+++ b/piptools/scripts/compile.py
@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ def _get_default_option(option_name: str) -> Any:
     multiple=True,
     help="Name of an extras_require group to install; may be used more than once",
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--all-extras",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Install all extras_require groups",
+)
 @click.option(
     "-f",
     "--find-links",
@@ -259,6 +265,7 @@ def cli(
     pre: bool,
     rebuild: bool,
     extras: Tuple[str, ...],
+    all_extras: bool,
     find_links: Tuple[str, ...],
     index_url: str,
     extra_index_url: Tuple[str, ...],
@@ -442,6 +449,11 @@ def cli(
                     for req in metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist") or []
                 ]
             )
+            if all_extras:
+                if extras:
+                    msg = "--extra has no effect when used with --all-extras"
+                    raise click.BadParameter(msg)
+                extras = tuple(metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"))
         else:
             constraints.extend(
                 parse_requirements(
diff --git a/tests/test_cli_compile.py b/tests/test_cli_compile.py
index 72acd52fe..5b9d57f03 100644
--- a/tests/test_cli_compile.py
+++ b/tests/test_cli_compile.py
@@ -2190,6 +2190,70 @@ def test_multiple_extras(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content, extra_
     assert "extra ==" not in out.stderr
 
 
+@pytest.mark.network
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "content"), METADATA_TEST_CASES)
+def test_all_extras(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content):
+    """
+    Test passing `--all-extras` includes all applicable extras.
+    """
+    meta_path = make_module(fname=fname, content=content)
+    out = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "-n",
+            "--all-extras",
+            "--find-links",
+            fake_dists,
+            "--no-annotate",
+            "--no-emit-options",
+            "--no-header",
+            meta_path,
+        ],
+    )
+    assert out.exit_code == 0, out.stderr
+    assert (
+        dedent(
+            """\
+            small-fake-a==0.1
+            small-fake-b==0.2
+            small-fake-c==0.3
+            small-fake-d==0.4
+            small-fake-e==0.5
+            small-fake-f==0.6
+            Dry-run, so nothing updated.
+            """
+        )
+        == out.stderr
+    )
+
+
+# This should not depend on the metadata format so testing all cases is wasteful
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "content"), METADATA_TEST_CASES[:1])
+def test_all_extras_fail_with_extra(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content):
+    """
+    Test that passing `--all-extras` and `--extra` fails.
+    """
+    meta_path = make_module(fname=fname, content=content)
+    out = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "-n",
+            "--all-extras",
+            "--extra",
+            "dev",
+            "--find-links",
+            fake_dists,
+            "--no-annotate",
+            "--no-emit-options",
+            "--no-header",
+            meta_path,
+        ],
+    )
+    assert out.exit_code == 2
+    exp = "--extra has no effect when used with --all-extras"
+    assert exp in out.stderr
+
+
 def test_extras_fail_with_requirements_in(runner, tmpdir):
     """
     Test that passing `--extra` with `requirements.in` input file fails.