diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/vnode.spec.ts b/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/vnode.spec.ts
index fdd23797b10..8c31f9b316f 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/vnode.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/vnode.spec.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from '../src/vnode'
 import { Data } from '../src/component'
 import { ShapeFlags, PatchFlags } from '@vue/shared'
-import { h, reactive, isReactive, setBlockTracking, ref } from '../src'
+import { h, reactive, isReactive, setBlockTracking, ref, withCtx } from '../src'
 import { createApp, nodeOps, serializeInner } from '@vue/runtime-test'
 import { setCurrentRenderingInstance } from '../src/componentRenderContext'
 
@@ -614,6 +614,29 @@ describe('vnode', () => {
         ]))
       expect(vnode.dynamicChildren).toStrictEqual([])
     })
+    // #5657
+    test('error of slot function execution should not affect block tracking', () => {
+      const error = new Error('slot execution error')
+      let caughtError
+      const slot = withCtx(
+        () => {
+          throw error
+        },
+        { type: {}, appContext: {} } as any
+      )
+      try {
+        slot()
+      } catch (e) {
+        caughtError = e
+      }
+      expect(caughtError).toBe(error)
+      expect(
+        `[Vue warn]: Unhandled error during execution of slot function`
+      ).toHaveBeenWarned()
+
+      const vnode = (openBlock(), createBlock('div'))
+      expect(vnode.dynamicChildren).toStrictEqual([])
+    })
   })
 
   describe('transformVNodeArgs', () => {
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/componentRenderContext.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/componentRenderContext.ts
index 8f49ec251d5..3965218b205 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/componentRenderContext.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/componentRenderContext.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { ComponentInternalInstance } from './component'
 import { devtoolsComponentUpdated } from './devtools'
 import { setBlockTracking } from './vnode'
+import { handleError, ErrorCodes } from './errorHandling'
 
 /**
  * mark the current rendering instance for asset resolution (e.g.
@@ -89,10 +90,16 @@ export function withCtx(
       setBlockTracking(-1)
     }
     const prevInstance = setCurrentRenderingInstance(ctx)
-    const res = fn(...args)
-    setCurrentRenderingInstance(prevInstance)
-    if (renderFnWithContext._d) {
-      setBlockTracking(1)
+    let res
+    try {
+      res = fn(...args)
+    } catch (e) {
+      handleError(e, prevInstance, ErrorCodes.SLOT_FUNCTION)
+    } finally {
+      setCurrentRenderingInstance(prevInstance)
+      if (renderFnWithContext._d) {
+        setBlockTracking(1)
+      }
     }
 
     if (__DEV__ || __FEATURE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__) {
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/errorHandling.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/errorHandling.ts
index d190b993d43..8a3f96ecf57 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/errorHandling.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/errorHandling.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ export const enum ErrorCodes {
   APP_WARN_HANDLER,
   FUNCTION_REF,
   ASYNC_COMPONENT_LOADER,
-  SCHEDULER
+  SCHEDULER,
+  SLOT_FUNCTION
 }
 
 export const ErrorTypeStrings: Record<number | string, string> = {
@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@ export const ErrorTypeStrings: Record<number | string, string> = {
   [ErrorCodes.ASYNC_COMPONENT_LOADER]: 'async component loader',
   [ErrorCodes.SCHEDULER]:
     'scheduler flush. This is likely a Vue internals bug. ' +
-    'Please open an issue at https://new-issue.vuejs.org/?repo=vuejs/core'
+    'Please open an issue at https://new-issue.vuejs.org/?repo=vuejs/core',
+  [ErrorCodes.SLOT_FUNCTION]: 'slot function'
 }
 
 export type ErrorTypes = LifecycleHooks | ErrorCodes