diff --git a/docs/source/loading.mdx b/docs/source/loading.mdx
index 54b209d0a9b..1d482e2a937 100644
--- a/docs/source/loading.mdx
+++ b/docs/source/loading.mdx
@@ -205,6 +205,16 @@ Load Python dictionaries with [`~Dataset.from_dict`]:
 >>> dataset = Dataset.from_dict(my_dict)
 ```
 
+### Python list of dictionaries
+
+Load a list of Python dictionaries with [`~Dataset.from_list`]:
+
+```py
+>>> from datasets import Dataset
+>>> my_list = [{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}]
+>>> dataset = Dataset.from_list(my_list)
+```
+
 ### Pandas DataFrame
 
 Load Pandas DataFrames with [`~Dataset.from_pandas`]:
diff --git a/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py b/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py
index bc2c5ab37ba..288254cbc9c 100644
--- a/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py
+++ b/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py
@@ -872,6 +872,33 @@ def from_dict(
             info.features = Features({col: ts.get_inferred_type() for col, ts in mapping.items()})
         return cls(pa_table, info=info, split=split)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_list(
+        cls,
+        mapping: List[dict],
+        features: Optional[Features] = None,
+        info: Optional[DatasetInfo] = None,
+        split: Optional[NamedSplit] = None,
+    ) -> "Dataset":
+        """
+        Convert a list of dicts to a :obj:`pyarrow.Table` to create a :class:`Dataset`.
+
+        Note that the keys of the first entry will be used to determine the dataset columns,
+        regardless of what is passed to features.
+
+        Args:
+            mapping (:obj:`List[dict]`): A list of mappings of strings to row values.
+            features (:class:`Features`, optional): Dataset features.
+            info (:class:`DatasetInfo`, optional): Dataset information, like description, citation, etc.
+            split (:class:`NamedSplit`, optional): Name of the dataset split.
+
+        Returns:
+            :class:`Dataset`
+        """
+        # for simplicity and consistency wrt OptimizedTypedSequence we do not use InMemoryTable.from_pylist here
+        mapping = {k: [r.get(k) for r in mapping] for k in mapping[0]} if mapping else {}
+        return cls.from_dict(mapping, features, info, split)
+
     @staticmethod
     def from_csv(
         path_or_paths: Union[PathLike, List[PathLike]],
diff --git a/src/datasets/table.py b/src/datasets/table.py
index 64da5e5e28e..6ea551626b4 100644
--- a/src/datasets/table.py
+++ b/src/datasets/table.py
@@ -252,6 +252,19 @@ def to_pydict(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         return self.table.to_pydict(*args, **kwargs)
 
+    def to_pylist(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Convert the Table to a list
+
+        Returns:
+            :obj:`list`
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.table.to_pylist(*args, **kwargs)
+        except AttributeError:  # pyarrow <7 does not have to_pylist, so we use to_pydict
+            pydict = self.table.to_pydict(*args, **kwargs)
+            return [{k: pydict[k][i] for k in pydict} for i in range(len(self.table))]
+
     def to_pandas(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Convert to a pandas-compatible NumPy array or DataFrame, as appropriate
@@ -749,6 +762,28 @@ def from_pydict(cls, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         return cls(pa.Table.from_pydict(*args, **kwargs))
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_pylist(cls, mapping, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Construct a Table from list of rows / dictionaries.
+
+        Args:
+            mapping (:obj:`List[dict]`):
+                A mapping of strings to row values.
+            schema (:obj:`Schema`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
+                If not passed, will be inferred from the Mapping values
+            metadata (:obj:`Union[dict, Mapping]`, default None):
+                Optional metadata for the schema (if inferred).
+
+        Returns:
+            :class:`datasets.table.Table`:
+        """
+        try:
+            return cls(pa.Table.from_pylist(mapping, *args, **kwargs))
+        except AttributeError:  # pyarrow <7 does not have from_pylist, so we convert and use from_pydict
+            mapping = {k: [r.get(k) for r in mapping] for k in mapping[0]} if mapping else {}
+            return cls(pa.Table.from_pydict(mapping, *args, **kwargs))
+
     @classmethod
     def from_batches(cls, *args, **kwargs):
         """
diff --git a/tests/test_dataset_list.py b/tests/test_dataset_list.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1004ae3cd68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_dataset_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+from datasets import Sequence, Value
+from datasets.arrow_dataset import Dataset
+
+
+class DatasetListTest(TestCase):
+    def _create_example_records(self):
+        return [
+            {"col_1": 3, "col_2": "a"},
+            {"col_1": 2, "col_2": "b"},
+            {"col_1": 1, "col_2": "c"},
+            {"col_1": 0, "col_2": "d"},
+        ]
+
+    def _create_example_dict(self):
+        data = {"col_1": [3, 2, 1, 0], "col_2": ["a", "b", "c", "d"]}
+        return Dataset.from_dict(data)
+
+    def test_create(self):
+        example_records = self._create_example_records()
+        dset = Dataset.from_list(example_records)
+        self.assertListEqual(dset.column_names, ["col_1", "col_2"])
+        for i, r in enumerate(dset):
+            self.assertDictEqual(r, example_records[i])
+
+    def test_list_dict_equivalent(self):
+        example_records = self._create_example_records()
+        dset = Dataset.from_list(example_records)
+        dset_from_dict = Dataset.from_dict({k: [r[k] for r in example_records] for k in example_records[0]})
+        self.assertEqual(dset.info, dset_from_dict.info)
+
+    def test_uneven_records(self):  # checks what happens with missing columns
+        uneven_records = [{"col_1": 1}, {"col_2": "x"}]
+        dset = Dataset.from_list(uneven_records)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dset[0], {"col_1": 1})
+        self.assertDictEqual(dset[1], {"col_1": None})  # NB: first record is used for columns
+
+    def test_variable_list_records(self):  # checks if the type can be inferred from the second record
+        list_records = [{"col_1": []}, {"col_1": [1, 2]}]
+        dset = Dataset.from_list(list_records)
+        self.assertEqual(dset.info.features["col_1"], Sequence(Value("int64")))
+
+    def test_create_empty(self):
+        dset = Dataset.from_list([])
+        self.assertEqual(len(dset), 0)
+        self.assertListEqual(dset.column_names, [])
diff --git a/tests/test_table.py b/tests/test_table.py
index 073c8b0482e..4bb31900dea 100644
--- a/tests/test_table.py
+++ b/tests/test_table.py
@@ -255,6 +255,13 @@ def test_in_memory_table_from_pydict(in_memory_pa_table):
         assert table.table == pa.Table.from_pydict(pydict)
 
 
+def test_in_memory_table_from_pylist(in_memory_pa_table):
+    pylist = InMemoryTable(in_memory_pa_table).to_pylist()
+    table = InMemoryTable.from_pylist(pylist)
+    assert isinstance(table, InMemoryTable)
+    assert pylist == table.to_pylist()
+
+
 def test_in_memory_table_from_batches(in_memory_pa_table):
     batches = list(in_memory_pa_table.to_batches())
     table = InMemoryTable.from_batches(batches)