grammar.pest

// pest. The Elegant Parser
// Copyright (c) 2018 Dragoș Tiselice
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT
// license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. All files in the project carrying such notice may not be copied,
// modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
//! Pest meta-grammar
//!
//! # Warning: Semantic Versioning
//! There may be non-breaking changes to the meta-grammar
//! between minor versions. Those non-breaking changes, however,
//! may translate into semver-breaking changes due to the additional variants
//! added to the `Rule` enum. This is a known issue and will be fixed in the
//! future (e.g. by increasing MSRV and non_exhaustive annotations).

/// The top-level rule of a grammar.
grammar_rules = _{ SOI ~ grammar_doc* ~ (grammar_rule)+ ~ EOI }

/// A rule of a grammar.
grammar_rule = {
    identifier ~ assignment_operator ~ modifier? ~
    opening_brace ~ expression ~ closing_brace |
    line_doc
}

/// Assignment operator.
assignment_operator = { "=" }
/// Opening brace for a rule.
opening_brace       = { "{" }
/// Closing brace for a rule.
closing_brace       = { "}" }
/// Opening parenthesis for a branch, PUSH, etc.
opening_paren       = { "(" }
/// Closing parenthesis for a branch, PUSH, etc.
closing_paren       = { ")" }
/// Opening bracket for PEEK (slice inside).
opening_brack       = { "[" }
/// Closing bracket for PEEK (slice inside).
closing_brack       = { "]" }

/// A rule modifier.
modifier = _{
    silent_modifier |
    atomic_modifier |
    compound_atomic_modifier |
    non_atomic_modifier
}

/// Silent rule prefix.
silent_modifier          = { "_" }
/// Atomic rule prefix.
atomic_modifier          = { "@" }
/// Compound atomic rule prefix.
compound_atomic_modifier = { "$" }
/// Non-atomic rule prefix.
non_atomic_modifier      = { "!" }

/// A rule expression.
expression =  { choice_operator? ~ term ~ (infix_operator ~ term)* }
/// A rule term.
term       =  { prefix_operator* ~ node ~ postfix_operator* }
/// A rule node (inside terms).
node       = _{ opening_paren ~ expression ~ closing_paren | terminal }
/// A terminal expression.
terminal   = _{ _push | peek_slice | identifier | string | insensitive_string | range }

/// Possible predicates for a rule.
prefix_operator  = _{ positive_predicate_operator | negative_predicate_operator }
/// Branches or sequences.
infix_operator   = _{ sequence_operator | choice_operator }
/// Possible modifiers for a rule.
postfix_operator = _{
    optional_operator |
    repeat_operator |
    repeat_once_operator |
    repeat_exact |
    repeat_min |
    repeat_max |
    repeat_min_max
}

/// A positive predicate.
positive_predicate_operator = { "&" }
/// A negative predicate.
negative_predicate_operator = { "!" }
/// A sequence operator.
sequence_operator           = { "~" }
/// A choice operator.
choice_operator             = { "|" }
/// An optional operator.
optional_operator           = { "?" }
/// A repeat operator.
repeat_operator             = { "*" }
/// A repeat at least once operator.
repeat_once_operator        = { "+" }

/// A repeat exact times.
repeat_exact   = { opening_brace ~ number ~ closing_brace }
/// A repeat at least times.
repeat_min     = { opening_brace ~ number ~ comma ~ closing_brace }
/// A repeat at most times.
repeat_max     = { opening_brace ~ comma ~ number ~ closing_brace }
/// A repeat in a range.
repeat_min_max = { opening_brace ~ number ~ comma ~ number ~ closing_brace }

/// A number.
number = @{ '0'..'9'+ }
/// An integer number (positive or negative).
integer = @{ number | "-" ~ "0"* ~ '1'..'9' ~ number? }

/// A comma terminal.
comma = { "," }

/// A PUSH expression.
_push = { "PUSH" ~ opening_paren ~ expression ~ closing_paren }
/// A PEEK expression.
peek_slice = { "PEEK" ~ opening_brack ~ integer? ~ range_operator ~ integer? ~ closing_brack }

/// An identifier.
identifier = @{ !"PUSH" ~ ("_" | alpha) ~ ("_" | alpha_num)* }
/// An alpha character.
alpha      = _{ 'a'..'z' | 'A'..'Z' }
/// An alphanumeric character.
alpha_num  = _{ alpha | '0'..'9' }

/// A string.
string             = ${ quote ~ inner_str ~ quote }
/// An insensitive string.
insensitive_string =  { "^" ~ string }
/// A character range.
range              =  { character ~ range_operator ~ character }
/// A single quoted character
character          = ${ single_quote ~ inner_chr ~ single_quote }

/// A quoted string.
inner_str = @{ (!("\"" | "\\") ~ ANY)* ~ (escape ~ inner_str)? }
/// An escaped or any character.
inner_chr = @{ escape | ANY }
/// An escape sequence.
escape    = @{ "\\" ~ ("\"" | "\\" | "r" | "n" | "t" | "0" | "'" | code | unicode) }
/// A hexadecimal code.
code      = @{ "x" ~ hex_digit{2} }
/// A unicode code.
unicode   = @{ "u" ~ opening_brace ~ hex_digit{2, 6} ~ closing_brace }
/// A hexadecimal digit.
hex_digit = @{ '0'..'9' | 'a'..'f' | 'A'..'F' }

/// A double quote.
quote          = { "\"" }
/// A single quote.
single_quote   = { "'" }
/// A range operator.
range_operator = { ".." }

/// A newline character.
newline        = _{ "\n" | "\r\n" }
/// A whitespace character.
WHITESPACE     = _{ " " | "\t" | newline }
/// A single line comment.
line_comment   = _{ ("//" ~ !("/" | "!") ~ (!newline ~ ANY)*) }
/// A multi-line comment.
block_comment  = _{ "/*" ~ (block_comment | !"*/" ~ ANY)* ~ "*/" }
/// A grammar comment.
COMMENT        = _{ block_comment | line_comment }

// ref: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/comments.html
/// A space character.
space       = _{ " " | "\t" }
/// A top-level comment.
grammar_doc = ${ "//!" ~ space? ~ inner_doc }
/// A rule comment.
line_doc    = ${ "///" ~ space? ~ inner_doc }
/// A comment content.
inner_doc   = @{ (!newline ~ ANY)* }