diff --git a/changelog/change_make_lint_number_conversion_aware_of_rational.md b/changelog/change_make_lint_number_conversion_aware_of_rational.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..279a3e0c738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/change_make_lint_number_conversion_aware_of_rational.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10236](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/10236): Make `Lint/NumberConversion` aware of `to_r`. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion.rb
index fd9e1b7871d..4e2c8472fb4 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ module Lint
       #   '10'.to_i
       #   '10.2'.to_f
       #   '10'.to_c
+      #   '1/3'.to_r
       #   ['1', '2', '3'].map(&:to_i)
       #   foo.try(:to_f)
       #   bar.send(:to_c)
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ module Lint
       #   Integer('10', 10)
       #   Float('10.2')
       #   Complex('10')
+      #   Rational('1/3')
       #   ['1', '2', '3'].map { |i| Integer(i, 10) }
       #   foo.try { |i| Float(i) }
       #   bar.send { |i| Complex(i) }
@@ -59,13 +61,14 @@ class NumberConversion < Base
         CONVERSION_METHOD_CLASS_MAPPING = {
           to_i: "#{Integer.name}(%<number_object>s, 10)",
           to_f: "#{Float.name}(%<number_object>s)",
-          to_c: "#{Complex.name}(%<number_object>s)"
+          to_c: "#{Complex.name}(%<number_object>s)",
+          to_r: "#{Rational.name}(%<number_object>s)"
         }.freeze
         MSG = 'Replace unsafe number conversion with number '\
               'class parsing, instead of using '\
               '`%<current>s`, use stricter '\
               '`%<corrected_method>s`.'
-        CONVERSION_METHODS = %i[Integer Float Complex to_i to_f to_c].freeze
+        CONVERSION_METHODS = %i[Integer Float Complex Rational to_i to_f to_c to_r].freeze
         METHODS = CONVERSION_METHOD_CLASS_MAPPING.keys.map(&:inspect).join(' ')
 
         # @!method to_method(node)
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion_spec.rb
index 0a4e6e36235..1becedbd0be 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/number_conversion_spec.rb
@@ -35,6 +35,17 @@
       RUBY
     end
 
+    it 'when using `#to_r`' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        "1/3".to_r
+        ^^^^^^^^^^ Replace unsafe number conversion with number class parsing, instead of using `"1/3".to_r`, use stricter `Rational("1/3")`.
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Rational("1/3")
+      RUBY
+    end
+
     it 'when using `#to_i` for number literals' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
         42.to_i
@@ -56,6 +67,13 @@
       RUBY
     end
 
+    it 'when using `#to_r` for number literals' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+        42.to_r
+        42.0.to_r
+      RUBY
+    end
+
     it 'when `#to_i` called on a variable' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
         string_value = '10'