utils.py

import base64
import json
import linecache
import logging
import os
import sys
import threading
import subprocess
import re

from datetime import datetime

import sentry_sdk
from sentry_sdk._compat import urlparse, text_type, implements_str, PY2

from sentry_sdk._types import MYPY

if MYPY:
    from types import FrameType
    from types import TracebackType
    from typing import Any
    from typing import Callable
    from typing import Dict
    from typing import ContextManager
    from typing import Iterator
    from typing import List
    from typing import Optional
    from typing import Set
    from typing import Tuple
    from typing import Union
    from typing import Type

    from sentry_sdk._types import ExcInfo, EndpointType


epoch = datetime(1970, 1, 1)


# The logger is created here but initialized in the debug support module
logger = logging.getLogger("sentry_sdk.errors")

MAX_STRING_LENGTH = 512
BASE64_ALPHABET = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9/+=]*$")


def json_dumps(data):
    # type: (Any) -> bytes
    """Serialize data into a compact JSON representation encoded as UTF-8."""
    return json.dumps(data, allow_nan=False, separators=(",", ":")).encode("utf-8")


def _get_debug_hub():
    # type: () -> Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]
    # This function is replaced by debug.py
    pass


def get_default_release():
    # type: () -> Optional[str]
    """Try to guess a default release."""
    release = os.environ.get("SENTRY_RELEASE")
    if release:
        return release

    with open(os.path.devnull, "w+") as null:
        try:
            release = (
                subprocess.Popen(
                    ["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"],
                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                    stderr=null,
                    stdin=null,
                )
                .communicate()[0]
                .strip()
                .decode("utf-8")
            )
        except (OSError, IOError):
            pass

        if release:
            return release

    for var in (
        "HEROKU_SLUG_COMMIT",
        "SOURCE_VERSION",
        "CODEBUILD_RESOLVED_SOURCE_VERSION",
        "CIRCLE_SHA1",
        "GAE_DEPLOYMENT_ID",
    ):
        release = os.environ.get(var)
        if release:
            return release
    return None


class CaptureInternalException(object):
    __slots__ = ()

    def __enter__(self):
        # type: () -> ContextManager[Any]
        return self

    def __exit__(self, ty, value, tb):
        # type: (Optional[Type[BaseException]], Optional[BaseException], Optional[TracebackType]) -> bool
        if ty is not None and value is not None:
            capture_internal_exception((ty, value, tb))

        return True


_CAPTURE_INTERNAL_EXCEPTION = CaptureInternalException()


def capture_internal_exceptions():
    # type: () -> ContextManager[Any]
    return _CAPTURE_INTERNAL_EXCEPTION


def capture_internal_exception(exc_info):
    # type: (ExcInfo) -> None
    hub = _get_debug_hub()
    if hub is not None:
        hub._capture_internal_exception(exc_info)


def to_timestamp(value):
    # type: (datetime) -> float
    return (value - epoch).total_seconds()


def format_timestamp(value):
    # type: (datetime) -> str
    return value.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ")


def event_hint_with_exc_info(exc_info=None):
    # type: (Optional[ExcInfo]) -> Dict[str, Optional[ExcInfo]]
    """Creates a hint with the exc info filled in."""
    if exc_info is None:
        exc_info = sys.exc_info()
    else:
        exc_info = exc_info_from_error(exc_info)
    if exc_info[0] is None:
        exc_info = None
    return {"exc_info": exc_info}


class BadDsn(ValueError):
    """Raised on invalid DSNs."""


@implements_str
class Dsn(object):
    """Represents a DSN."""

    def __init__(self, value):
        # type: (Union[Dsn, str]) -> None
        if isinstance(value, Dsn):
            self.__dict__ = dict(value.__dict__)
            return
        parts = urlparse.urlsplit(text_type(value))

        if parts.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
            raise BadDsn("Unsupported scheme %r" % parts.scheme)
        self.scheme = parts.scheme

        if parts.hostname is None:
            raise BadDsn("Missing hostname")

        self.host = parts.hostname

        if parts.port is None:
            self.port = self.scheme == "https" and 443 or 80
        else:
            self.port = parts.port

        if not parts.username:
            raise BadDsn("Missing public key")

        self.public_key = parts.username
        self.secret_key = parts.password

        path = parts.path.rsplit("/", 1)

        try:
            self.project_id = text_type(int(path.pop()))
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            raise BadDsn("Invalid project in DSN (%r)" % (parts.path or "")[1:])

        self.path = "/".join(path) + "/"

    @property
    def netloc(self):
        # type: () -> str
        """The netloc part of a DSN."""
        rv = self.host
        if (self.scheme, self.port) not in (("http", 80), ("https", 443)):
            rv = "%s:%s" % (rv, self.port)
        return rv

    def to_auth(self, client=None):
        # type: (Optional[Any]) -> Auth
        """Returns the auth info object for this dsn."""
        return Auth(
            scheme=self.scheme,
            host=self.netloc,
            path=self.path,
            project_id=self.project_id,
            public_key=self.public_key,
            secret_key=self.secret_key,
            client=client,
        )

    def __str__(self):
        # type: () -> str
        return "%s://%s%s@%s%s%s" % (
            self.scheme,
            self.public_key,
            self.secret_key and "@" + self.secret_key or "",
            self.netloc,
            self.path,
            self.project_id,
        )


class Auth(object):
    """Helper object that represents the auth info."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        scheme,
        host,
        project_id,
        public_key,
        secret_key=None,
        version=7,
        client=None,
        path="/",
    ):
        # type: (str, str, str, str, Optional[str], int, Optional[Any], str) -> None
        self.scheme = scheme
        self.host = host
        self.path = path
        self.project_id = project_id
        self.public_key = public_key
        self.secret_key = secret_key
        self.version = version
        self.client = client

    @property
    def store_api_url(self):
        # type: () -> str
        """Returns the API url for storing events.

        Deprecated: use get_api_url instead.
        """
        return self.get_api_url(type="store")

    def get_api_url(
        self, type="store"  # type: EndpointType
    ):
        # type: (...) -> str
        """Returns the API url for storing events."""
        return "%s://%s%sapi/%s/%s/" % (
            self.scheme,
            self.host,
            self.path,
            self.project_id,
            type,
        )

    def to_header(self, timestamp=None):
        # type: (Optional[datetime]) -> str
        """Returns the auth header a string."""
        rv = [("sentry_key", self.public_key), ("sentry_version", self.version)]
        if timestamp is not None:
            rv.append(("sentry_timestamp", str(to_timestamp(timestamp))))
        if self.client is not None:
            rv.append(("sentry_client", self.client))
        if self.secret_key is not None:
            rv.append(("sentry_secret", self.secret_key))
        return "Sentry " + ", ".join("%s=%s" % (key, value) for key, value in rv)


class AnnotatedValue(object):
    __slots__ = ("value", "metadata")

    def __init__(self, value, metadata):
        # type: (Optional[Any], Dict[str, Any]) -> None
        self.value = value
        self.metadata = metadata


if MYPY:
    from typing import TypeVar

    T = TypeVar("T")
    Annotated = Union[AnnotatedValue, T]


def get_type_name(cls):
    # type: (Optional[type]) -> Optional[str]
    return getattr(cls, "__qualname__", None) or getattr(cls, "__name__", None)


def get_type_module(cls):
    # type: (Optional[type]) -> Optional[str]
    mod = getattr(cls, "__module__", None)
    if mod not in (None, "builtins", "__builtins__"):
        return mod
    return None


def should_hide_frame(frame):
    # type: (FrameType) -> bool
    try:
        mod = frame.f_globals["__name__"]
        if mod.startswith("sentry_sdk."):
            return True
    except (AttributeError, KeyError):
        pass

    for flag_name in "__traceback_hide__", "__tracebackhide__":
        try:
            if frame.f_locals[flag_name]:
                return True
        except Exception:
            pass

    return False


def iter_stacks(tb):
    # type: (Optional[TracebackType]) -> Iterator[TracebackType]
    tb_ = tb  # type: Optional[TracebackType]
    while tb_ is not None:
        if not should_hide_frame(tb_.tb_frame):
            yield tb_
        tb_ = tb_.tb_next


def get_lines_from_file(
    filename,  # type: str
    lineno,  # type: int
    loader=None,  # type: Optional[Any]
    module=None,  # type: Optional[str]
):
    # type: (...) -> Tuple[List[Annotated[str]], Optional[Annotated[str]], List[Annotated[str]]]
    context_lines = 5
    source = None
    if loader is not None and hasattr(loader, "get_source"):
        try:
            source_str = loader.get_source(module)  # type: Optional[str]
        except (ImportError, IOError):
            source_str = None
        if source_str is not None:
            source = source_str.splitlines()

    if source is None:
        try:
            source = linecache.getlines(filename)
        except (OSError, IOError):
            return [], None, []

    if not source:
        return [], None, []

    lower_bound = max(0, lineno - context_lines)
    upper_bound = min(lineno + 1 + context_lines, len(source))

    try:
        pre_context = [
            strip_string(line.strip("\r\n")) for line in source[lower_bound:lineno]
        ]
        context_line = strip_string(source[lineno].strip("\r\n"))
        post_context = [
            strip_string(line.strip("\r\n"))
            for line in source[(lineno + 1) : upper_bound]
        ]
        return pre_context, context_line, post_context
    except IndexError:
        # the file may have changed since it was loaded into memory
        return [], None, []


def get_source_context(
    frame,  # type: FrameType
    tb_lineno,  # type: int
):
    # type: (...) -> Tuple[List[Annotated[str]], Optional[Annotated[str]], List[Annotated[str]]]
    try:
        abs_path = frame.f_code.co_filename  # type: Optional[str]
    except Exception:
        abs_path = None
    try:
        module = frame.f_globals["__name__"]
    except Exception:
        return [], None, []
    try:
        loader = frame.f_globals["__loader__"]
    except Exception:
        loader = None
    lineno = tb_lineno - 1
    if lineno is not None and abs_path:
        return get_lines_from_file(abs_path, lineno, loader, module)
    return [], None, []


def safe_str(value):
    # type: (Any) -> str
    try:
        return text_type(value)
    except Exception:
        return safe_repr(value)


if PY2:

    def safe_repr(value):
        # type: (Any) -> str
        try:
            rv = repr(value).decode("utf-8", "replace")

            # At this point `rv` contains a bunch of literal escape codes, like
            # this (exaggerated example):
            #
            # u"\\x2f"
            #
            # But we want to show this string as:
            #
            # u"/"
            try:
                # unicode-escape does this job, but can only decode latin1. So we
                # attempt to encode in latin1.
                return rv.encode("latin1").decode("unicode-escape")
            except Exception:
                # Since usually strings aren't latin1 this can break. In those
                # cases we just give up.
                return rv
        except Exception:
            # If e.g. the call to `repr` already fails
            return "<broken repr>"

else:

    def safe_repr(value):
        # type: (Any) -> str
        try:
            return repr(value)
        except Exception:
            return "<broken repr>"


def filename_for_module(module, abs_path):
    # type: (Optional[str], Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]
    if not abs_path or not module:
        return abs_path

    try:
        if abs_path.endswith(".pyc"):
            abs_path = abs_path[:-1]

        base_module = module.split(".", 1)[0]
        if base_module == module:
            return os.path.basename(abs_path)

        base_module_path = sys.modules[base_module].__file__
        return abs_path.split(base_module_path.rsplit(os.sep, 2)[0], 1)[-1].lstrip(
            os.sep
        )
    except Exception:
        return abs_path


def serialize_frame(frame, tb_lineno=None, with_locals=True):
    # type: (FrameType, Optional[int], bool) -> Dict[str, Any]
    f_code = getattr(frame, "f_code", None)
    if not f_code:
        abs_path = None
        function = None
    else:
        abs_path = frame.f_code.co_filename
        function = frame.f_code.co_name
    try:
        module = frame.f_globals["__name__"]
    except Exception:
        module = None

    if tb_lineno is None:
        tb_lineno = frame.f_lineno

    pre_context, context_line, post_context = get_source_context(frame, tb_lineno)

    rv = {
        "filename": filename_for_module(module, abs_path) or None,
        "abs_path": os.path.abspath(abs_path) if abs_path else None,
        "function": function or "<unknown>",
        "module": module,
        "lineno": tb_lineno,
        "pre_context": pre_context,
        "context_line": context_line,
        "post_context": post_context,
    }  # type: Dict[str, Any]
    if with_locals:
        rv["vars"] = frame.f_locals

    return rv


def current_stacktrace(with_locals=True):
    # type: (bool) -> Any
    __tracebackhide__ = True
    frames = []

    f = sys._getframe()  # type: Optional[FrameType]
    while f is not None:
        if not should_hide_frame(f):
            frames.append(serialize_frame(f, with_locals=with_locals))
        f = f.f_back

    frames.reverse()

    return {"frames": frames}


def get_errno(exc_value):
    # type: (BaseException) -> Optional[Any]
    return getattr(exc_value, "errno", None)


def single_exception_from_error_tuple(
    exc_type,  # type: Optional[type]
    exc_value,  # type: Optional[BaseException]
    tb,  # type: Optional[TracebackType]
    client_options=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
    mechanism=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
):
    # type: (...) -> Dict[str, Any]
    if exc_value is not None:
        errno = get_errno(exc_value)
    else:
        errno = None

    if errno is not None:
        mechanism = mechanism or {"type": "generic"}
        mechanism.setdefault("meta", {}).setdefault("errno", {}).setdefault(
            "number", errno
        )

    if client_options is None:
        with_locals = True
    else:
        with_locals = client_options["with_locals"]

    frames = [
        serialize_frame(tb.tb_frame, tb_lineno=tb.tb_lineno, with_locals=with_locals)
        for tb in iter_stacks(tb)
    ]

    rv = {
        "module": get_type_module(exc_type),
        "type": get_type_name(exc_type),
        "value": safe_str(exc_value),
        "mechanism": mechanism,
    }

    if frames:
        rv["stacktrace"] = {"frames": frames}

    return rv


HAS_CHAINED_EXCEPTIONS = hasattr(Exception, "__suppress_context__")

if HAS_CHAINED_EXCEPTIONS:

    def walk_exception_chain(exc_info):
        # type: (ExcInfo) -> Iterator[ExcInfo]
        exc_type, exc_value, tb = exc_info

        seen_exceptions = []
        seen_exception_ids = set()  # type: Set[int]

        while (
            exc_type is not None
            and exc_value is not None
            and id(exc_value) not in seen_exception_ids
        ):
            yield exc_type, exc_value, tb

            # Avoid hashing random types we don't know anything
            # about. Use the list to keep a ref so that the `id` is
            # not used for another object.
            seen_exceptions.append(exc_value)
            seen_exception_ids.add(id(exc_value))

            if exc_value.__suppress_context__:
                cause = exc_value.__cause__
            else:
                cause = exc_value.__context__
            if cause is None:
                break
            exc_type = type(cause)
            exc_value = cause
            tb = getattr(cause, "__traceback__", None)

else:

    def walk_exception_chain(exc_info):
        # type: (ExcInfo) -> Iterator[ExcInfo]
        yield exc_info


def exceptions_from_error_tuple(
    exc_info,  # type: ExcInfo
    client_options=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
    mechanism=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
):
    # type: (...) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]
    exc_type, exc_value, tb = exc_info
    rv = []
    for exc_type, exc_value, tb in walk_exception_chain(exc_info):
        rv.append(
            single_exception_from_error_tuple(
                exc_type, exc_value, tb, client_options, mechanism
            )
        )

    rv.reverse()

    return rv


def to_string(value):
    # type: (str) -> str
    try:
        return text_type(value)
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        return repr(value)[1:-1]


def iter_event_stacktraces(event):
    # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Iterator[Dict[str, Any]]
    if "stacktrace" in event:
        yield event["stacktrace"]
    if "threads" in event:
        for thread in event["threads"].get("values") or ():
            if "stacktrace" in thread:
                yield thread["stacktrace"]
    if "exception" in event:
        for exception in event["exception"].get("values") or ():
            if "stacktrace" in exception:
                yield exception["stacktrace"]


def iter_event_frames(event):
    # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Iterator[Dict[str, Any]]
    for stacktrace in iter_event_stacktraces(event):
        for frame in stacktrace.get("frames") or ():
            yield frame


def handle_in_app(event, in_app_exclude=None, in_app_include=None):
    # type: (Dict[str, Any], Optional[List[str]], Optional[List[str]]) -> Dict[str, Any]
    for stacktrace in iter_event_stacktraces(event):
        handle_in_app_impl(
            stacktrace.get("frames"),
            in_app_exclude=in_app_exclude,
            in_app_include=in_app_include,
        )

    return event


def handle_in_app_impl(frames, in_app_exclude, in_app_include):
    # type: (Any, Optional[List[str]], Optional[List[str]]) -> Optional[Any]
    if not frames:
        return None

    any_in_app = False
    for frame in frames:
        in_app = frame.get("in_app")
        if in_app is not None:
            if in_app:
                any_in_app = True
            continue

        module = frame.get("module")
        if not module:
            continue
        elif _module_in_set(module, in_app_include):
            frame["in_app"] = True
            any_in_app = True
        elif _module_in_set(module, in_app_exclude):
            frame["in_app"] = False

    if not any_in_app:
        for frame in frames:
            if frame.get("in_app") is None:
                frame["in_app"] = True

    return frames


def exc_info_from_error(error):
    # type: (Union[BaseException, ExcInfo]) -> ExcInfo
    if isinstance(error, tuple) and len(error) == 3:
        exc_type, exc_value, tb = error
    elif isinstance(error, BaseException):
        tb = getattr(error, "__traceback__", None)
        if tb is not None:
            exc_type = type(error)
            exc_value = error
        else:
            exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
            if exc_value is not error:
                tb = None
                exc_value = error
                exc_type = type(error)

    else:
        raise ValueError("Expected Exception object to report, got %s!" % type(error))

    return exc_type, exc_value, tb


def event_from_exception(
    exc_info,  # type: Union[BaseException, ExcInfo]
    client_options=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
    mechanism=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
):
    # type: (...) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]
    exc_info = exc_info_from_error(exc_info)
    hint = event_hint_with_exc_info(exc_info)
    return (
        {
            "level": "error",
            "exception": {
                "values": exceptions_from_error_tuple(
                    exc_info, client_options, mechanism
                )
            },
        },
        hint,
    )


def _module_in_set(name, set):
    # type: (str, Optional[List[str]]) -> bool
    if not set:
        return False
    for item in set or ():
        if item == name or name.startswith(item + "."):
            return True
    return False


def strip_string(value, max_length=None):
    # type: (str, Optional[int]) -> Union[AnnotatedValue, str]
    # TODO: read max_length from config
    if not value:
        return value

    if max_length is None:
        # This is intentionally not just the default such that one can patch `MAX_STRING_LENGTH` and affect `strip_string`.
        max_length = MAX_STRING_LENGTH

    length = len(value)

    if length > max_length:
        return AnnotatedValue(
            value=value[: max_length - 3] + "...",
            metadata={
                "len": length,
                "rem": [["!limit", "x", max_length - 3, max_length]],
            },
        )
    return value


def _is_contextvars_broken():
    # type: () -> bool
    """
    Returns whether gevent/eventlet have patched the stdlib in a way where thread locals are now more "correct" than contextvars.
    """
    try:
        import gevent  # type: ignore
        from gevent.monkey import is_object_patched  # type: ignore

        # Get the MAJOR and MINOR version numbers of Gevent
        version_tuple = tuple(
            [int(part) for part in re.split(r"a|b|rc|\.", gevent.__version__)[:2]]
        )
        if is_object_patched("threading", "local"):
            # Gevent 20.9.0 depends on Greenlet 0.4.17 which natively handles switching
            # context vars when greenlets are switched, so, Gevent 20.9.0+ is all fine.
            # Ref: https://github.com/gevent/gevent/blob/83c9e2ae5b0834b8f84233760aabe82c3ba065b4/src/gevent/monkey.py#L604-L609
            # Gevent 20.5, that doesn't depend on Greenlet 0.4.17 with native support
            # for contextvars, is able to patch both thread locals and contextvars, in
            # that case, check if contextvars are effectively patched.
            if (
                # Gevent 20.9.0+
                (sys.version_info >= (3, 7) and version_tuple >= (20, 9))
                # Gevent 20.5.0+ or Python < 3.7
                or (is_object_patched("contextvars", "ContextVar"))
            ):
                return False

            return True
    except ImportError:
        pass

    try:
        from eventlet.patcher import is_monkey_patched  # type: ignore

        if is_monkey_patched("thread"):
            return True
    except ImportError:
        pass

    return False


def _make_threadlocal_contextvars(local):
    # type: (type) -> type
    class ContextVar(object):
        # Super-limited impl of ContextVar

        def __init__(self, name):
            # type: (str) -> None
            self._name = name
            self._local = local()

        def get(self, default):
            # type: (Any) -> Any
            return getattr(self._local, "value", default)

        def set(self, value):
            # type: (Any) -> None
            self._local.value = value

    return ContextVar


def _get_contextvars():
    # type: () -> Tuple[bool, type]
    """
    Figure out the "right" contextvars installation to use. Returns a
    `contextvars.ContextVar`-like class with a limited API.

    See https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/contextvars/ for more information.
    """
    if not _is_contextvars_broken():
        # aiocontextvars is a PyPI package that ensures that the contextvars
        # backport (also a PyPI package) works with asyncio under Python 3.6
        #
        # Import it if available.
        if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
            # `aiocontextvars` is absolutely required for functional
            # contextvars on Python 3.6.
            try:
                from aiocontextvars import ContextVar  # noqa

                return True, ContextVar
            except ImportError:
                pass
        else:
            # On Python 3.7 contextvars are functional.
            try:
                from contextvars import ContextVar

                return True, ContextVar
            except ImportError:
                pass

    # Fall back to basic thread-local usage.

    from threading import local

    return False, _make_threadlocal_contextvars(local)


HAS_REAL_CONTEXTVARS, ContextVar = _get_contextvars()

CONTEXTVARS_ERROR_MESSAGE = """

With asyncio/ASGI applications, the Sentry SDK requires a functional
installation of `contextvars` to avoid leaking scope/context data across
requests.

Please refer to https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/contextvars/ for more information.
"""


def transaction_from_function(func):
    # type: (Callable[..., Any]) -> Optional[str]
    # Methods in Python 2
    try:
        return "%s.%s.%s" % (
            func.im_class.__module__,  # type: ignore
            func.im_class.__name__,  # type: ignore
            func.__name__,
        )
    except Exception:
        pass

    func_qualname = (
        getattr(func, "__qualname__", None) or getattr(func, "__name__", None) or None
    )  # type: Optional[str]

    if not func_qualname:
        # No idea what it is
        return None

    # Methods in Python 3
    # Functions
    # Classes
    try:
        return "%s.%s" % (func.__module__, func_qualname)
    except Exception:
        pass

    # Possibly a lambda
    return func_qualname


disable_capture_event = ContextVar("disable_capture_event")


class ServerlessTimeoutWarning(Exception):
    """Raised when a serverless method is about to reach its timeout."""

    pass


class TimeoutThread(threading.Thread):
    """Creates a Thread which runs (sleeps) for a time duration equal to
    waiting_time and raises a custom ServerlessTimeout exception.
    """

    def __init__(self, waiting_time, configured_timeout):
        # type: (float, int) -> None
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.waiting_time = waiting_time
        self.configured_timeout = configured_timeout
        self._stop_event = threading.Event()

    def stop(self):
        # type: () -> None
        self._stop_event.set()

    def run(self):
        # type: () -> None

        self._stop_event.wait(self.waiting_time)

        if self._stop_event.is_set():
            return

        integer_configured_timeout = int(self.configured_timeout)

        # Setting up the exact integer value of configured time(in seconds)
        if integer_configured_timeout < self.configured_timeout:
            integer_configured_timeout = integer_configured_timeout + 1

        # Raising Exception after timeout duration is reached
        raise ServerlessTimeoutWarning(
            "WARNING : Function is expected to get timed out. Configured timeout duration = {} seconds.".format(
                integer_configured_timeout
            )
        )


def to_base64(original):
    # type: (str) -> Optional[str]
    """
    Convert a string to base64, via UTF-8. Returns None on invalid input.
    """
    base64_string = None

    try:
        utf8_bytes = original.encode("UTF-8")
        base64_bytes = base64.b64encode(utf8_bytes)
        base64_string = base64_bytes.decode("UTF-8")
    except Exception as err:
        logger.warning("Unable to encode {orig} to base64:".format(orig=original), err)

    return base64_string


def from_base64(base64_string):
    # type: (str) -> Optional[str]
    """
    Convert a string from base64, via UTF-8. Returns None on invalid input.
    """
    utf8_string = None

    try:
        only_valid_chars = BASE64_ALPHABET.match(base64_string)
        assert only_valid_chars

        base64_bytes = base64_string.encode("UTF-8")
        utf8_bytes = base64.b64decode(base64_bytes)
        utf8_string = utf8_bytes.decode("UTF-8")
    except Exception as err:
        logger.warning(
            "Unable to decode {b64} from base64:".format(b64=base64_string), err
        )

    return utf8_string