diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFiberAsync-test.internal.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFiberAsync-test.internal.js
index e89eebb49157..15515672747a 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFiberAsync-test.internal.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFiberAsync-test.internal.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-const React = require('react');
+let React;
 let ReactFeatureFlags = require('shared/ReactFeatureFlags');
 
 let ReactDOM;
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMFiberAsync', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.resetModules();
     container = document.createElement('div');
+    React = require('react');
     ReactDOM = require('react-dom');
     Scheduler = require('scheduler');
 
@@ -587,6 +588,39 @@ describe('ReactDOMFiberAsync', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('regression test: does not drop passive effects across roots (#17066)', () => {
+    const {useState, useEffect} = React;
+
+    function App({label}) {
+      const [step, setStep] = useState(0);
+      useEffect(
+        () => {
+          if (step < 3) {
+            setStep(step + 1);
+          }
+        },
+        [step],
+      );
+
+      // The component should keep re-rendering itself until `step` is 3.
+      return step === 3 ? 'Finished' : 'Unresolved';
+    }
+
+    const containerA = document.createElement('div');
+    const containerB = document.createElement('div');
+    const containerC = document.createElement('div');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(<App label="A" />, containerA);
+    ReactDOM.render(<App label="B" />, containerB);
+    ReactDOM.render(<App label="C" />, containerC);
+
+    Scheduler.unstable_flushAll();
+
+    expect(containerA.textContent).toEqual('Finished');
+    expect(containerB.textContent).toEqual('Finished');
+    expect(containerC.textContent).toEqual('Finished');
+  });
+
   describe('createBlockingRoot', () => {
     it.experimental('updates flush without yielding in the next event', () => {
       const root = ReactDOM.createBlockingRoot(container);
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.js
index 85d678dec501..954d646bd789 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.js
@@ -1713,7 +1713,15 @@ function commitRoot(root) {
 }
 
 function commitRootImpl(root, renderPriorityLevel) {
-  flushPassiveEffects();
+  do {
+    // `flushPassiveEffects` will call `flushSyncUpdateQueue` at the end, which
+    // means `flushPassiveEffects` will sometimes result in additional
+    // passive effects. So we need to keep flushing in a loop until there are
+    // no more pending effects.
+    // TODO: Might be better if `flushPassiveEffects` did not automatically
+    // flush synchronous work at the end, to avoid factoring hazards like this.
+    flushPassiveEffects();
+  } while (rootWithPendingPassiveEffects !== null);
   flushRenderPhaseStrictModeWarningsInDEV();
 
   invariant(