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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="split chapter"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>15.1 The Global Object # Ⓣ Ⓔ ① Ⓐ — Annotated ES5</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><link href="x15.html" title="15 Standard Built-in ECMAScript Objects " rel="prev">
<link href="spec.html" title="TOC" rel="index">
<link href="x15.2.html" title="15.2 Object Objects " rel="next">
</head><body><div class="head">
<h2 id="top">Annotated ECMAScript 5.1 <span id="timestamp"></span></h2>
<div id="mascot-treehouse">
<img id="mascot" align="left" src="js-mascot.svg" alt=""><img id="bubble" src="bubble.svg" alt=""></div>
<p id="slogan">‟Ex igne vita”</p>
<div id="annotations"></div>
<script src="timestamp.js"></script></div>
<nav>
<a href="x15.html">← 15 Standard Built-in ECMAScript Objects </a> –
<a href="spec.html" class="toc-nav">TOC</a> –
<a href="x15.2.html">15.2 Object Objects →</a>
<ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1" id="x15.1-toc">15.1 The Global Object</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.1" id="x15.1.1-toc">15.1.1 Value Properties of the Global Object</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.1.1" id="x15.1.1.1-toc">15.1.1.1 NaN</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.1.2" id="x15.1.1.2-toc">15.1.1.2 Infinity</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.1.3" id="x15.1.1.3-toc">15.1.1.3 undefined</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li></ol></li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2" id="x15.1.2-toc">15.1.2 Function Properties of the Global Object</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2.1" id="x15.1.2.1-toc">15.1.2.1 eval (x)</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2.1.1" id="x15.1.2.1.1-toc">15.1.2.1.1 Direct Call to Eval</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li></ol></li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2.2" id="x15.1.2.2-toc">15.1.2.2 parseInt (string , radix)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2.3" id="x15.1.2.3-toc">15.1.2.3 parseFloat (string)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2.4" id="x15.1.2.4-toc">15.1.2.4 isNaN (number)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.2.5" id="x15.1.2.5-toc">15.1.2.5 isFinite (number)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li></ol></li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.3" id="x15.1.3-toc">15.1.3 URI Handling Function Properties</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.3.1" id="x15.1.3.1-toc">15.1.3.1 decodeURI (encodedURI)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.3.2" id="x15.1.3.2-toc">15.1.3.2 decodeURIComponent (encodedURIComponent)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.3.3" id="x15.1.3.3-toc">15.1.3.3 encodeURI (uri)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.3.4" id="x15.1.3.4-toc">15.1.3.4 encodeURIComponent (uriComponent)</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li></ol></li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4" id="x15.1.4-toc">15.1.4 Constructor Properties of the Global Object</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.1" id="x15.1.4.1-toc">15.1.4.1 Object ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.2" id="x15.1.4.2-toc">15.1.4.2 Function ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.3" id="x15.1.4.3-toc">15.1.4.3 Array ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.4" id="x15.1.4.4-toc">15.1.4.4 String ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.5" id="x15.1.4.5-toc">15.1.4.5 Boolean ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.6" id="x15.1.4.6-toc">15.1.4.6 Number ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.7" id="x15.1.4.7-toc">15.1.4.7 Date ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.8" id="x15.1.4.8-toc">15.1.4.8 RegExp ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.9" id="x15.1.4.9-toc">15.1.4.9 Error ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.10" id="x15.1.4.10-toc">15.1.4.10 EvalError ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.11" id="x15.1.4.11-toc">15.1.4.11 RangeError ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.12" id="x15.1.4.12-toc">15.1.4.12 ReferenceError ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.13" id="x15.1.4.13-toc">15.1.4.13 SyntaxError ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.14" id="x15.1.4.14-toc">15.1.4.14 TypeError ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.4.15" id="x15.1.4.15-toc">15.1.4.15 URIError ( . . . )</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li></ol></li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.5" id="x15.1.5-toc">15.1.5 Other Properties of the Global Object</a>
<b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> <ol><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.5.1" id="x15.1.5.1-toc">15.1.5.1 Math</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li><li><a href="x15.1.html#x15.1.5.2" id="x15.1.5.2-toc">15.1.5.2 JSON</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b> </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></nav>
<h3 id="x15.1" class="splitme">15.1 The Global Object <a href="#x15.1">#</a> <a href="#x15.1-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h3>
<p>
The
unique <i><a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a></i> is created before control enters any
execution context.
</p>
<p>
Unless
otherwise specified, the standard built-in properties of the global
object have attributes {[[Writable]]: <b>true</b>, [[Enumerable]]:
<b>false</b>, [[Configurable]]: <b>true</b>}.</p>
<p>
The
<a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> does not have a [[Construct]] internal property; it is
not possible to use the <a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> as a constructor with the <code><b>new</b></code>
operator.</p>
<p>
The
<a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> does not have a [[Call]] internal property; it is not
possible to invoke the <a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> as a function.</p>
<p>
The
values of the [[Prototype]] and [[Class]] internal properties of the
<a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> are implementation-dependent.</p>
<p>
In
addition to the properties defined in this specification the global
object may have additional host defined properties. This may include
a property whose value is the <a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> itself; for example, in
the HTML document object model the <code><b>window</b></code>
property of the <a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> is the <a href="#x15.1" class="term-ref">global object</a> itself.</p>
<h4 id="x15.1.1">15.1.1 Value Properties of the Global Object <a href="#x15.1.1">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.1-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h4>
<h5 id="x15.1.1.1">15.1.1.1 NaN <a href="#x15.1.1.1">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.1.1-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
The
value of <code><b>NaN</b></code> is
<b>NaN</b> (see <a href="x8.html#x8.5">8.5</a>). This property has the attributes {
[[Writable]]: <b>false</b>, [[Enumerable]]: <b>false</b>,
[[Configurable]]: <b>false</b> }.</p>
<h5 id="x15.1.1.2">15.1.1.2 Infinity <a href="#x15.1.1.2">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.1.2-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
The
value of <code><b>Infinity</b></code>
is <b>+</b><span class="symbol"><b>∞</b></span> (see <a href="x8.html#x8.5">8.5</a>).
This property has the attributes { [[Writable]]: <b>false</b>,
[[Enumerable]]: <b>false</b>, [[Configurable]]: <b>false</b> }.</p>
<h5 id="x15.1.1.3">15.1.1.3 undefined <a href="#x15.1.1.3">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.1.3-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
The
value of <code><b>undefined</b></code>
is <b>undefined</b> (see <a href="x8.html#x8.1">8.1</a>). This property has the attributes {
[[Writable]]: <b>false</b>, [[Enumerable]]: <b>false</b>,
[[Configurable]]: <b>false</b> }.</p>
<h4 id="x15.1.2">15.1.2 Function Properties of the Global Object <a href="#x15.1.2">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h4>
<h5 id="x15.1.2.1">15.1.2.1 eval (x) <a href="#x15.1.2.1">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2.1-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
When
the <code><b><a href="#x15.1.2.1">eval</a></b></code> function
is called with one argument <i>x</i>,
the following steps are taken:</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
<a href="x8.html#Type">Type</a>(<i>x</i>)
is not String, return <i>x</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>prog </i>be
the ECMAScript code that is the result of parsing <i>x </i>as a <i><a href="x14.html#x14">Program</a></i>.
If the parse fails, throw a <b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.4" class="term-ref">SyntaxError</a></b>
exception (but see also <a href="x16.html#x16">clause 16</a>).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>evalCtx </i>be
the result of establishing a new execution context (<a href="x10.html#x10.4.2">10.4.2</a>) for the
<a href="x10.html#eval-code">eval code</a> <i>prog</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>result </i>be
the result of evaluating the program <i>prog</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Exit
the running execution context evalCtx, restoring the previous
execution context.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>result</i>.type
is normal and its
completion value is a value <i>V</i>,
then return the value <i>V</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>result</i>.type
is normal and its
completion value is empty,
then return the value <b>undefined</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Otherwise,
<i>result</i>.type
must be throw. Throw
<i>result</i>.value
as an exception.</p>
</li></ol><h6 id="x15.1.2.1.1">15.1.2.1.1 Direct Call to Eval <a href="#x15.1.2.1.1">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2.1.1-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h6>
<p>
A
direct call to the eval function is one that is expressed as a
<i>CallExpression</i>
that meets the following two conditions:</p>
<p>
The
<a href="x8.html#x8.7">Reference</a> that is the result of evaluating the <i>MemberExpression</i>
in the <i>CallExpression</i>
has an <a href="x10.html#x10.2">environment record</a> as its base value and its reference name
is <code>"</code><code><b>eval</b></code><code>"</code>.</p>
<p>
The
result of calling the abstract operation <a href="x8.html#x8.7.1">GetValue</a> with that
<a href="x8.html#x8.7">Reference</a> as the argument is the standard built-in function defined
in <a href="#x15.1.2.1">15.1.2.1</a>.</p>
<h5 id="x15.1.2.2">15.1.2.2 parseInt (string , radix) <a href="#x15.1.2.2">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2.2-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
The
<code><b>parseInt</b></code> function
produces an integer value dictated by interpretation of the contents
of the <i>string</i>
argument according to the specified <i>radix</i>.
Leading white space in <i>string</i>
is ignored. If <i>radix</i>
is <b>undefined</b> or 0, it is assumed to be 10
except when the number begins with the character pairs <code><b>0x</b></code>
or <code><b>0X</b></code>, in which
case a radix of 16 is assumed. If <i>radix</i>
is 16, number may also
optionally begin with the character pairs <code><b>0x</b></code>
or <code><b>0X</b></code>.</p>
<p>
When
the <code><b>parseInt</b></code>
function is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>inputString</i> be <a href="x9.html#x9.8">ToString</a>(<i>string</i>).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be a newly created substring of <i>inputString</i>
consisting of the first character that is not a <i>StrWhiteSpaceChar</i>
and all characters following that character. (In other words,
remove leading white space.)
If <i>inputString</i> does not contain any such characters, let <i>S</i> be the
empty string.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>sign</i> be 1.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>S</i> is not empty and the first character of <i>S</i> is a
minus sign <code><b>-</b></code>, let
<i>sign</i> be <span class="symbol">−</span>1.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>S</i> is not empty and the first character of <i>S</i> is a plus
sign <code><b>+</b></code> or a minus
sign <code><b>-</b></code>, then
remove the first character from <i>S</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> = <a href="x9.html#x9.5">ToInt32</a>(<i>radix</i>).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>stripPrefix</i> be <b>true</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>R</i> <span class="symbol">≠</span> 0, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
<i>R</i> < 2 or <i>R</i> > 36, then return <b>NaN</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>R</i> <span class="symbol">≠</span> 16, let <i>stripPrefix</i>
be <b>false</b>.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
<i>R</i> = 0</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> = 10.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
If
<i>stripPrefix</i> is <b>true</b>, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
the length of <i>S</i> is at least 2 and the first two characters
of <i>S</i> are either “<code><b>0x</b></code>”
or “<code><b>0X</b></code>”,
then remove the first two characters from <i>S</i> and let <i>R</i>
= 16.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
If
<i>S</i> contains any character that is not a radix-<i>R</i> digit,
then let <i>Z</i> be the substring of <i>S</i> consisting of all
characters before the first such character; otherwise, let <i>Z</i>
be <i>S</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>Z</i> is empty, return <b>NaN</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>mathInt</i> be the mathematical integer value that is
represented by <i>Z</i> in radix-<i>R</i> notation, using the
letters <code><b>A</b></code>-<code><b>Z</b></code>
and <code><b>a</b></code>-<code><b>z</b></code>
for digits with values 10 through 35. (However, if <i>R</i> is 10
and <i>Z</i> contains more than 20 significant digits, every
significant digit after the 20th may be replaced by a <code><b>0
</b></code>digit, at the option of the implementation; and if <i>R</i>
is not 2, 4, 8, 10, 16, or 32, then <i>mathInt</i> may be an
implementation-dependent approximation to the mathematical integer
value that is represented by <i>Z</i> in radix-<i>R</i> notation.)</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>number</i> be the Number value for <i>mathInt</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Return
<i>sign</i> <span class="symbol">×</span> <i>number</i>.</p>
</li></ol><p><b class="note">NOTE</b> <code><b>parseInt</b></code>
may interpret only a leading portion of <i>string</i>
as an integer value; it ignores any characters that cannot be
interpreted as part of the notation of an integer, and no indication
is given that any such characters were ignored.</p>
<h5 id="x15.1.2.3">15.1.2.3 parseFloat (string) <a href="#x15.1.2.3">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2.3-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
The
<code><b>parseFloat</b></code>
function produces a Number value dictated by interpretation of the
contents of the <i>string</i>
argument as a decimal literal.</p>
<p>
When
the <code><b>parseFloat</b></code>
function is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>inputString</i> be <a href="x9.html#x9.8">ToString</a>(<i>string</i>).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>trimmedString</i> be a substring of <i>inputString</i>
consisting of the leftmost character that is not a
<i>StrWhiteSpaceChar</i> and all characters to the right of that
character. (In other words, remove leading white space.)
If <i>inputString</i> does not contain any such characters, let
<i>trimmedString</i> be the empty string.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
neither <i>trimmedString</i> nor any prefix of <i>trimmedString</i>
satisfies the syntax of a <i>StrDecimalLiteral</i> (see <a href="x9.html#x9.3.1">9.3.1</a>),
return <b>NaN</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>numberString</i> be the longest prefix of <i>trimmedString</i>,
which might be <i>trimmedString</i> itself, that satisfies the
syntax of a <i>StrDecimalLiteral</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Return
the Number value for <a href="x7.html#mv">the MV of</a> <i>numberString</i>.</p>
</li></ol><p><b class="note">NOTE</b> <code><b>parseFloat</b></code>
may interpret only a leading portion of <i>string</i>
as a Number value; it ignores any characters that cannot be
interpreted as part of the notation of an decimal literal, and no
indication is given that any such characters were ignored.</p>
<h5 id="x15.1.2.4">15.1.2.4 isNaN (number) <a href="#x15.1.2.4">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2.4-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
Returns
<b>true</b> if the argument coerces to <b>NaN</b>, and otherwise
returns <b>false</b>.</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
<a href="x9.html#x9.3">ToNumber</a>(<i>number</i>) is <b>NaN</b>, return <b>true</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Otherwise,
return <b>false</b>.</p>
</li></ol><p><b class="note">NOTE</b> A
reliable way for ECMAScript code to test if a value <code>X</code>
is a <b>NaN</b> is an expression of the form <code>X
!== X</code>. The result will be <b>true</b> if and only if <code>X</code>
is a <b>NaN</b>.</p>
<h5 id="x15.1.2.5">15.1.2.5 isFinite (number) <a href="#x15.1.2.5">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.2.5-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h5>
<p>
Returns
<b>false</b> if the argument coerces to <b>NaN</b>, <b>+</b><span class="symbol"><b>∞</b></span>,
or <span class="symbol"><b>−∞</b></span>, and otherwise
returns <b>true</b>.</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
<a href="x9.html#x9.3">ToNumber</a>(<i>number</i>) is <b>NaN</b>, <b>+</b><span class="symbol"><b>∞</b></span>,
or <span class="symbol"><b>−∞</b></span>, return <b>false</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Otherwise,
return <b>true</b>.</p>
</li></ol><h4 id="x15.1.3">15.1.3 URI Handling Function Properties <a href="#x15.1.3">#</a> <a href="#x15.1.3-toc" class="bak">Ⓣ</a> <b class="erra">Ⓔ</b> <b class="rev1">①</b> <b class="anno">Ⓐ</b></h4>
<p>
Uniform
Resource Identifiers, or URIs, are Strings that identify resources
(e.g. web pages or files) and transport protocols by which to access
them (e.g. HTTP or FTP) on the Internet. The ECMAScript language
itself does not provide any support for using URIs except for
functions that encode and decode URIs as described in <a href="#x15.1.3.1">15.1.3.1</a>,
<a href="#x15.1.3.2">15.1.3.2</a>, <a href="#x15.1.3.3">15.1.3.3</a> and <a href="#x15.1.3.4">15.1.3.4</a>.</p>
<p><b class="note">NOTE</b> Many
implementations of ECMAScript provide additional functions and
methods that manipulate web pages; these functions are beyond the
scope of this standard.</p>
<p>
A URI
is composed of a sequence of components separated by component
separators. The general form is:</p>
<p>
<i>Scheme</i><code>
</code><code><b>:</b></code><code>
</code><i>First</i><code>
</code><code><b>/</b></code><code>
</code><i>Second</i><code>
</code><code><b>;</b></code><code>
</code><i>Third</i><code>
</code><code><b>?</b></code><code>
</code><i>Fourth</i></p>
<p>
where
the italicised names represent components and the “<code><b>:</b></code>”,
“<code><b>/</b></code>”, “<code><b>;</b></code>”
and “<code><b>?</b></code>” are
reserved characters used as separators. The <code><b><a href="#x15.1.3.3">encodeURI</a></b></code>
and <code><b><a href="#x15.1.3.1">decodeURI</a></b></code>
functions are intended to work with complete URIs; they assume that
any reserved characters in the URI are intended to have special
meaning and so are not encoded. The <code><b><a href="#x15.1.3.4">encodeURIComponent</a></b></code><b>
</b>and <code><b><a href="#x15.1.3.2">decodeURIComponent</a></b></code><b>
</b>functions are intended to work with the individual
component parts of a URI; they assume that any reserved characters
represent text and so must be encoded so that they are not
interpreted as reserved characters when the component is part of a
complete URI.</p>
<p>
The
following lexical grammar specifies the form of encoded URIs.</p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uri </i><b>:::</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<i>uriCharacters</i><sub>opt</sub></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriCharacters </i><b>:::</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<i>uriCharacter
uriCharacters</i><sub>opt</sub></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriCharacter </i><b>:::</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<i>uriReserved<br>uriUnescaped<br>uriEscaped</i></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriReserved </i><b>:::</b> <b>one
of</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<code><b>;
/ ? : @ & = + $ ,</b></code></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriUnescaped </i><b>:::</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<i>uriAlpha<br>DecimalDigit<br>uriMark</i></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriEscaped </i><b>:::</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<code><b>%</b></code> <i>HexDigit HexDigit</i></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriAlpha </i><b>:::</b> <b>one
of</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<code><b>a
b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x
y z<br>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
U V W X Y Z</b></code></p>
<p class="keep">
<i>uriMark </i><b>:::</b> <b>one
of</b></p>
<p class="def1-btm">
<code><b>-
_ . ! ~ * ' ( )</b></code></p>
<p><b class="note">NOTE</b> The above syntax is based upon RFC 2396
and does not reflect changes introduced by the more recent RFC 3986.</p>
<p>
When
a character to be included in a URI is not listed above or is not
intended to have the special meaning sometimes given to the reserved
characters, that character must be encoded. The character is
transformed into its UTF-8 encoding, with surrogate pairs first
converted from UTF-16 to the corresponding code point value. (Note
that for code units in the range [0,127] this results in a single
octet with the same value.) The resulting sequence of octets is then
transformed into a String with each octet represented by an escape
sequence of the form “<code><b>%</b></code><code>xx</code>”.</p>
<p>
The
encoding and escaping process is described by the abstract operation
<dfn id="Encode">Encode</dfn> taking two String arguments <i>string</i>
and <i>unescapedSet</i>.</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>strLen</i> be the number of characters in <i>string</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> be the empty String.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>k</i> be 0.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Repeat</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
<i>k</i> equals <i>strLen</i>, return <i>R</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>C</i> be the character at position <i>k</i> within <i>string</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>C</i> is in <i>unescapedSet</i>, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be a String containing only the character <i>C</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> be a new String value computed by concatenating the
previous value of <i>R</i> and <i>S</i>.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
<i>C</i> is not in <i>unescapedSet</i></p>
<ol><li><p>
If
the code unit value of <i>C</i> is not less than 0xDC00 and not
greater than 0xDFFF, throw a <b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
the code unit value of <i>C</i> is less than 0xD800 or greater
than 0xDBFF, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>V</i> be the code unit value of <i>C</i>.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
</p>
<ol><li><p>
Increase
<i>k</i> by 1.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>k</i> equals <i>strLen</i>, throw a <b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b>
exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>kChar</i> be the code unit value of the character at position
<i>k</i> within <i>string</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>kChar</i> is less than 0xDC00 or greater than 0xDFFF, throw a
<b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>V</i> be (((the code unit value of <i>C</i>) – 0xD800) *
0x400 + (<i>kChar</i> – 0xDC00) + 0x10000).</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>Octets</i> be the array of octets resulting by applying the
UTF-8 transformation to <i>V</i>, and let <i>L</i> be the array
size.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>j</i> be 0.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Repeat,
while <i>j</i> < <i>L</i></p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>jOctet</i> be the value at position <i>j</i> within <i>Octets</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be a String containing three characters “<code><b>%</b></code><code><i>XY</i></code>”
where <i>XY</i> are two uppercase hexadecimal digits encoding
the value of <i>jOctet</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> be a new String value computed by concatenating the
previous value of <i>R</i> and <i>S</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Increase
<i>j</i> by 1.</p>
</li></ol></li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Increase
<i>k</i> by 1.</p>
</li></ol></li></ol><p>
The
unescaping and decoding process is described by the abstract
operation <dfn id="Decode">Decode</dfn> taking two String arguments <i>string</i>
and <i>reservedSet</i>.</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>strLen</i> be the number of characters in <i>string</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> be the empty String.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>k</i> be 0.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Repeat</p>
<ol><li><p>
If
<i>k</i> equals <i>strLen</i>, return <i>R</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>C</i> be the character at position <i>k</i> within <i>string</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>C</i> is not ‘<code><b>%</b></code>’,
then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be the String containing only the character <i>C</i>.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
<i>C</i> is ‘<code><b>%</b></code>’</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>start</i> be <i>k</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>k</i> + 2 is greater than or equal to <i>strLen</i>, throw a
<b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
the characters at position (<i>k</i>+1) and (<i>k</i> + 2) within
<i>string </i>do not represent hexadecimal digits, throw a
<b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>B</i> be the 8-bit value represented by the two hexadecimal
digits at position (<i>k</i> + 1) and (<i>k</i> + 2).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Increment
<i>k</i> by 2.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
the most significant bit in <i>B</i> is 0, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>C</i> be the character with code unit value <i>B</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>C</i> is not in <i>reservedSet</i>, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be the String containing only the character <i>C</i>.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
<i>C</i> is in <i>reservedSet</i></p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be the substring of <i>string</i> from position <i>start</i>
to position <i>k</i> included.</p>
</li></ol></li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
the most significant bit in <i>B</i> is 1</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>n</i> be the smallest non-negative number such that (<i>B</i>
<< <i>n</i>) & 0x80 is equal to 0.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>n</i> equals 1 or <i>n</i> is greater than 4, throw a
<b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>Octets</i> be an array of 8-bit integers of size <i>n</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Put
<i>B</i> into <i>Octets</i> at position 0.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>k</i> + (3 * (<i>n</i> – 1)) is greater than or equal to
<i>strLen</i>, throw a <b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>j</i> be 1.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Repeat,
while <i>j</i> < <i>n</i></p>
<ol><li><p>
Increment
<i>k</i> by 1.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
the character at position <i>k</i> is not ‘%’, throw a
<b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
the characters at position (<i>k</i> +1) and (<i>k</i> + 2)
within <i>string</i> do not represent hexadecimal digits, throw
a <b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>B</i> be the 8-bit value represented by the two hexadecimal
digits at position (<i>k</i> + 1) and (<i>k</i> + 2).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
the two most significant bits in <i>B</i> are not 10, throw a
<b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b> exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Increment
<i>k</i> by 2.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Put
<i>B</i> into <i>Octets</i> at position <i>j</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Increment
<i>j</i> by 1.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>V</i> be the value obtained by applying the UTF-8
transformation to <i>Octets</i>, that is, from an array of
octets into a 32-bit value. If <i>Octets</i> does not contain a
valid UTF-8 encoding of a Unicode code point throw a <b><a href="x15.11.html#x15.11.6.6" class="term-ref">URIError</a></b>
exception.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>V</i> is less than 0x10000, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>C</i> be the character with code unit value <i>V</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
If
<i>C</i> is not in <i>reservedSet</i>, then</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be the String containing only the character <i>C</i>.</p>
</li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
<i>C</i> is in <i>reservedSet</i></p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be the substring of <i>string</i> from position <i>start</i>
to position <i>k</i> included.</p>
</li></ol></li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Else,
<i>V</i> is ≥ 0x10000</p>
<ol><li><p>
Let
<i>L</i> be (((<i>V</i> – 0x10000) & 0x3FF) + 0xDC00).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>H</i> be ((((<i>V</i> – 0x10000) >> 10) & 0x3FF)
+ 0xD800).</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>S</i> be the String containing the two characters with code
unit values <i>H</i> and <i>L</i>.</p>
</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li>
<li><p>
Let
<i>R</i> be a new String value computed by concatenating the
previous value of <i>R</i> and <i>S</i>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
Increase
<i>k</i> by 1.</p>
</li></ol></li></ol><p><b class="note">NOTE</b> The
syntax of Uniform Resource Identifiers is given in RFC 2396 and
does not reflect the more recent RFC 3986 which replaces RFC 2396. A
formal description and implementation of UTF-8 is given in RFC 3629.</p>
<p>
In
UTF-8, characters are encoded using sequences of 1 to 6 octets. The
only octet of a "sequence" of one has the higher-order bit
set to 0, the remaining 7 bits being used to encode the character
value. In a sequence of n octets, n>1, the initial octet has the
n higher-order bits set to 1, followed by a bit set to 0. The
remaining bits of that octet contain bits from the value of the
character to be encoded. The following octets all have the
higher-order bit set to 1 and the following bit set to 0, leaving 6
bits in each to contain bits from the character to be encoded. The
possible UTF-8 encodings of ECMAScript characters are specified in
Table 21.</p>
<center>
<table width="730" border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" rules="ROWS"><caption>Table 21 — UTF-8 Encodings<p>
</p></caption><colgroup><col width="152"><col width="166"><col width="82"><col width="82"><col width="75"><col width="75"></colgroup><tbody><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152" height="14" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<p class="keep">
<i><b>Code
Unit Value</b></i></p>
</td>
<td width="166" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<p class="keep">
<i><b>Representation</b></i></p>
</td>
<td width="82" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<p class="keep">
<i><b>1</b></i><sup><i><b>st</b></i></sup><i><b>
Octet</b></i></p>
</td>
<td width="82" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<p class="keep">
<i><b>2</b></i><sup><i><b>nd</b></i></sup><i><b>
Octet</b></i></p>
</td>
<td width="75" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<p class="keep">
<i><b>3</b></i><sup><i><b>rd</b></i></sup><i><b>
Octet</b></i></p>
</td>
<td width="75" bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<p class="keep">
<i><b>4</b></i><sup><i><b>th</b></i></sup><i><b>
Octet</b></i></p>
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0x0000
- 0x007F</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>00000000</b></code><code>
</code><code><b>0</b></code><code><i>zzzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0</b><i>zzzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0x0080
- 0x07FF</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>00000</b></code><code><i>yyy
yyzzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>110</b><i>yyyyy</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>10</b><i>zzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0x0800
- 0xD7FF</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><i>xxxxyyyy
yyzzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>1110</b><i>xxxx</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>10</b><i>yyyyyy</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>10</b><i>zzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0xD800
- 0xDBFF</b></code></p>
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<i>followed
by</i></p>
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0xDC00
– 0xDFFF</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>110110</b><i>vv
vvwwwwxx</i></code></p>
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<i>followed
by</i></p>
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>110111</b><i>yy
yyzzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>11110</b><i>uuu</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>10</b><i>uuwwww</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>10</b><i>xxyyyy</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>10</b><i>zzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0xD800
- 0xDBFF</b></code></p>
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<i>not
followed by</i></p>
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0xDC00
– 0xDFFF</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><i>causes</i>
URIError</code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
</td>
<td width="82">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><b>0xDC00
– 0xDFFF</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER" class="keep">
<code><i>causes</i>
URIError</code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
</td>
<td width="82">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
</tr><tr valign="TOP"><td width="152">
<p align="CENTER">
<code><b>0xE000
- 0xFFFF</b></code></p>
</td>
<td width="166">
<p align="CENTER">
<code><i>xxxxyyyy
yyzzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER">
<code><b>1110</b><i>xxxx</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="82">
<p align="CENTER">
<code><b>10</b><i>yyyyyy</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="CENTER">
<code><b>10</b><i>zzzzzz</i></code></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
</td>
</tr></tbody></table></center>
<br><p class="sm-btm">
Where</p>