Update package metadata

[ofek]

Background

Hello there! The Python packaging ecosystem has standardized on the interface for build backends (PEP 517/PEP 660) and the format for metadata declaration (PEP 621/PEP 631). As a result, the execution of setup.py files is now deprecated.

So, I'm spending my free time updating important projects so that they are modernized and set an example for others 😄

This is a follow-up to encode/httpx#2334 (comment)

Summary of changes

This implements PEP 621, obviating the need for setup.py and MANIFEST.in. The build backend hatchling (of which I am a maintainer in the PyPA) is now used as that is the default in the official Python packaging tutorial. Hatchling is available on all the major distribution channels such as Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux, conda-forge, Nixpkgs, Alpine Linux, FreeBSD/OpenBSD, Gentoo Linux, MacPorts, OpenEmbedded, Spack, MSYS2, etc.

Notes

• The source distributions on PyPI are erroneously shipping a build artifact *.egg-info from python setup.py develop; this is now fixed
• The default build output directory dist/ is now excluded from source control

Future

• Move config for tools like pytest out of setup.cfg and into pyproject.toml
• We could ship optional wheels compiled with Mypyc, as Black recently did

[Kludex]

Thanks @ofek 🙏