color_test.rs

use egui::{color::*, epaint::textures::TextureFilter, widgets::color_picker::show_color, *};
use std::collections::HashMap;

const GRADIENT_SIZE: Vec2 = vec2(256.0, 24.0);

const BLACK: Color32 = Color32::BLACK;
const GREEN: Color32 = Color32::GREEN;
const RED: Color32 = Color32::RED;
const TRANSPARENT: Color32 = Color32::TRANSPARENT;
const WHITE: Color32 = Color32::WHITE;

/// A test for sanity-checking and diagnosing egui rendering backends.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize))]
pub struct ColorTest {
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(skip))]
    tex_mngr: TextureManager,
    vertex_gradients: bool,
    texture_gradients: bool,
    srgb: bool,
}

impl Default for ColorTest {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            tex_mngr: Default::default(),
            vertex_gradients: true,
            texture_gradients: true,
            srgb: false,
        }
    }
}

impl ColorTest {
    pub fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
        ui.set_max_width(680.0);

        ui.vertical_centered(|ui| {
            ui.add(crate::egui_github_link_file!());
        });

        ui.label("This is made to test that the egui painter backend is set up correctly, so that all colors are interpolated and blended in linear space with premultiplied alpha.");
        ui.label("If everything is set up correctly, all groups of gradients will look uniform");

        ui.checkbox(&mut self.vertex_gradients, "Vertex gradients");
        ui.checkbox(&mut self.texture_gradients, "Texture gradients");
        ui.checkbox(&mut self.srgb, "Show naive sRGBA horror");

        ui.heading("sRGB color test");
        ui.label("Use a color picker to ensure this color is (255, 165, 0) / #ffa500");
        ui.scope(|ui| {
            ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.y = 0.0; // No spacing between gradients
            let g = Gradient::one_color(Color32::from_rgb(255, 165, 0));
            self.vertex_gradient(ui, "orange rgb(255, 165, 0) - vertex", WHITE, &g);
            self.tex_gradient(ui, "orange rgb(255, 165, 0) - texture", WHITE, &g);
        });

        ui.separator();

        ui.label("Test that vertex color times texture color is done in linear space:");
        ui.scope(|ui| {
            ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.y = 0.0; // No spacing between gradients

            let tex_color = Rgba::from_rgb(1.0, 0.25, 0.25);
            let vertex_color = Rgba::from_rgb(0.5, 0.75, 0.75);

            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                let color_size = ui.spacing().interact_size;
                ui.label("texture");
                show_color(ui, tex_color, color_size);
                ui.label(" * ");
                show_color(ui, vertex_color, color_size);
                ui.label(" vertex color =");
            });
            {
                let g = Gradient::one_color(Color32::from(tex_color * vertex_color));
                self.vertex_gradient(ui, "Ground truth (vertices)", WHITE, &g);
                self.tex_gradient(ui, "Ground truth (texture)", WHITE, &g);
            }

            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                let g = Gradient::one_color(Color32::from(tex_color));
                let tex = self.tex_mngr.get(ui.ctx(), &g);
                let texel_offset = 0.5 / (g.0.len() as f32);
                let uv = Rect::from_min_max(pos2(texel_offset, 0.0), pos2(1.0 - texel_offset, 1.0));
                ui.add(Image::new(tex, GRADIENT_SIZE).tint(vertex_color).uv(uv))
                    .on_hover_text(format!("A texture that is {} texels wide", g.0.len()));
                ui.label("GPU result");
            });
        });

        ui.separator();

        // TODO: test color multiplication (image tint),
        // to make sure vertex and texture color multiplication is done in linear space.

        self.show_gradients(ui, WHITE, (RED, GREEN));
        if self.srgb {
            ui.label("Notice the darkening in the center of the naive sRGB interpolation.");
        }

        ui.separator();

        self.show_gradients(ui, RED, (TRANSPARENT, GREEN));

        ui.separator();

        self.show_gradients(ui, WHITE, (TRANSPARENT, GREEN));
        if self.srgb {
            ui.label(
            "Notice how the linear blend stays green while the naive sRGBA interpolation looks gray in the middle.",
        );
        }

        ui.separator();

        self.show_gradients(ui, BLACK, (BLACK, WHITE));
        ui.separator();
        self.show_gradients(ui, WHITE, (BLACK, TRANSPARENT));
        ui.separator();
        self.show_gradients(ui, BLACK, (TRANSPARENT, WHITE));
        ui.separator();

        ui.label("Additive blending: add more and more blue to the red background:");
        self.show_gradients(
            ui,
            RED,
            (TRANSPARENT, Color32::from_rgb_additive(0, 0, 255)),
        );

        ui.separator();

        pixel_test(ui);

        ui.separator();

        blending_and_feathering_test(ui);
    }

    fn show_gradients(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, bg_fill: Color32, (left, right): (Color32, Color32)) {
        let is_opaque = left.is_opaque() && right.is_opaque();

        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
            let color_size = ui.spacing().interact_size;
            if !is_opaque {
                ui.label("Background:");
                show_color(ui, bg_fill, color_size);
            }
            ui.label("gradient");
            show_color(ui, left, color_size);
            ui.label("-");
            show_color(ui, right, color_size);
        });

        ui.scope(|ui| {
            ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.y = 0.0; // No spacing between gradients
            if is_opaque {
                let g = Gradient::ground_truth_linear_gradient(left, right);
                self.vertex_gradient(ui, "Ground Truth (CPU gradient) - vertices", bg_fill, &g);
                self.tex_gradient(ui, "Ground Truth (CPU gradient) - texture", bg_fill, &g);
            } else {
                let g = Gradient::ground_truth_linear_gradient(left, right).with_bg_fill(bg_fill);
                self.vertex_gradient(
                    ui,
                    "Ground Truth (CPU gradient, CPU blending) - vertices",
                    bg_fill,
                    &g,
                );
                self.tex_gradient(
                    ui,
                    "Ground Truth (CPU gradient, CPU blending) - texture",
                    bg_fill,
                    &g,
                );
                let g = Gradient::ground_truth_linear_gradient(left, right);
                self.vertex_gradient(ui, "CPU gradient, GPU blending - vertices", bg_fill, &g);
                self.tex_gradient(ui, "CPU gradient, GPU blending - texture", bg_fill, &g);
            }

            let g = Gradient::texture_gradient(left, right);
            self.vertex_gradient(
                ui,
                "Triangle mesh of width 2 (test vertex decode and interpolation)",
                bg_fill,
                &g,
            );
            self.tex_gradient(ui, "Texture of width 2 (test texture sampler)", bg_fill, &g);

            if self.srgb {
                let g =
                    Gradient::ground_truth_bad_srgba_gradient(left, right).with_bg_fill(bg_fill);
                self.vertex_gradient(
                    ui,
                    "Triangle mesh with naive sRGBA interpolation (WRONG)",
                    bg_fill,
                    &g,
                );
                self.tex_gradient(ui, "Naive sRGBA interpolation (WRONG)", bg_fill, &g);
            }
        });
    }

    fn tex_gradient(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, label: &str, bg_fill: Color32, gradient: &Gradient) {
        if !self.texture_gradients {
            return;
        }
        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
            let tex = self.tex_mngr.get(ui.ctx(), gradient);
            let texel_offset = 0.5 / (gradient.0.len() as f32);
            let uv = Rect::from_min_max(pos2(texel_offset, 0.0), pos2(1.0 - texel_offset, 1.0));
            ui.add(Image::new(tex, GRADIENT_SIZE).bg_fill(bg_fill).uv(uv))
                .on_hover_text(format!(
                    "A texture that is {} texels wide",
                    gradient.0.len()
                ));
            ui.label(label);
        });
    }

    fn vertex_gradient(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, label: &str, bg_fill: Color32, gradient: &Gradient) {
        if !self.vertex_gradients {
            return;
        }
        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
            vertex_gradient(ui, bg_fill, gradient).on_hover_text(format!(
                "A triangle mesh that is {} vertices wide",
                gradient.0.len()
            ));
            ui.label(label);
        });
    }
}

fn vertex_gradient(ui: &mut Ui, bg_fill: Color32, gradient: &Gradient) -> Response {
    use egui::epaint::*;
    let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_at_least(GRADIENT_SIZE, Sense::hover());
    if bg_fill != Default::default() {
        let mut mesh = Mesh::default();
        mesh.add_colored_rect(rect, bg_fill);
        ui.painter().add(Shape::mesh(mesh));
    }
    {
        let n = gradient.0.len();
        assert!(n >= 2);
        let mut mesh = Mesh::default();
        for (i, &color) in gradient.0.iter().enumerate() {
            let t = i as f32 / (n as f32 - 1.0);
            let x = lerp(rect.x_range(), t);
            mesh.colored_vertex(pos2(x, rect.top()), color);
            mesh.colored_vertex(pos2(x, rect.bottom()), color);
            if i < n - 1 {
                let i = i as u32;
                mesh.add_triangle(2 * i, 2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2);
                mesh.add_triangle(2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2, 2 * i + 3);
            }
        }
        ui.painter().add(Shape::mesh(mesh));
    }
    response
}

#[derive(Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
struct Gradient(pub Vec<Color32>);

impl Gradient {
    pub fn one_color(srgba: Color32) -> Self {
        Self(vec![srgba, srgba])
    }
    pub fn texture_gradient(left: Color32, right: Color32) -> Self {
        Self(vec![left, right])
    }
    pub fn ground_truth_linear_gradient(left: Color32, right: Color32) -> Self {
        let left = Rgba::from(left);
        let right = Rgba::from(right);

        let n = 255;
        Self(
            (0..=n)
                .map(|i| {
                    let t = i as f32 / n as f32;
                    Color32::from(lerp(left..=right, t))
                })
                .collect(),
        )
    }
    /// This is how a bad person blends `sRGBA`
    pub fn ground_truth_bad_srgba_gradient(left: Color32, right: Color32) -> Self {
        let n = 255;
        Self(
            (0..=n)
                .map(|i| {
                    let t = i as f32 / n as f32;
                    Color32::from_rgba_premultiplied(
                        lerp((left[0] as f32)..=(right[0] as f32), t).round() as u8, // Don't ever do this please!
                        lerp((left[1] as f32)..=(right[1] as f32), t).round() as u8, // Don't ever do this please!
                        lerp((left[2] as f32)..=(right[2] as f32), t).round() as u8, // Don't ever do this please!
                        lerp((left[3] as f32)..=(right[3] as f32), t).round() as u8, // Don't ever do this please!
                    )
                })
                .collect(),
        )
    }

    /// Do premultiplied alpha-aware blending of the gradient on top of the fill color
    pub fn with_bg_fill(self, bg: Color32) -> Self {
        let bg = Rgba::from(bg);
        Self(
            self.0
                .into_iter()
                .map(|fg| {
                    let fg = Rgba::from(fg);
                    Color32::from(bg * (1.0 - fg.a()) + fg)
                })
                .collect(),
        )
    }

    pub fn to_pixel_row(&self) -> Vec<Color32> {
        self.0.clone()
    }
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct TextureManager(HashMap<Gradient, TextureHandle>);

impl TextureManager {
    fn get(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, gradient: &Gradient) -> &TextureHandle {
        self.0.entry(gradient.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
            let pixels = gradient.to_pixel_row();
            let width = pixels.len();
            let height = 1;
            ctx.load_texture(
                "color_test_gradient",
                epaint::ColorImage {
                    size: [width, height],
                    pixels,
                },
                TextureFilter::Linear,
            )
        })
    }
}

fn pixel_test(ui: &mut Ui) {
    ui.label("Each subsequent square should be one physical pixel larger than the previous. They should be exactly one physical pixel apart. They should be perfectly aligned to the pixel grid.");

    let color = if ui.style().visuals.dark_mode {
        egui::Color32::WHITE
    } else {
        egui::Color32::BLACK
    };

    let pixels_per_point = ui.ctx().pixels_per_point();
    let num_squares: u32 = 8;
    let size_pixels = Vec2::new(
        ((num_squares + 1) * (num_squares + 2) / 2) as f32,
        num_squares as f32,
    );
    let size_points = size_pixels / pixels_per_point + Vec2::splat(2.0);
    let (response, painter) = ui.allocate_painter(size_points, Sense::hover());

    let mut cursor_pixel = Pos2::new(
        response.rect.min.x * pixels_per_point,
        response.rect.min.y * pixels_per_point,
    )
    .ceil();
    for size in 1..=num_squares {
        let rect_points = Rect::from_min_size(
            Pos2::new(
                cursor_pixel.x / pixels_per_point,
                cursor_pixel.y / pixels_per_point,
            ),
            Vec2::splat(size as f32) / pixels_per_point,
        );
        painter.rect_filled(rect_points, 0.0, color);
        cursor_pixel.x += (1 + size) as f32;
    }
}

fn blending_and_feathering_test(ui: &mut Ui) {
    ui.label("Some fine lines for testing anti-aliasing and blending:");

    let size = Vec2::new(512.0, 512.0);
    let (response, painter) = ui.allocate_painter(size, Sense::hover());
    let rect = response.rect;

    let mut top_half = rect;
    top_half.set_bottom(top_half.center().y);
    painter.rect_filled(top_half, 0.0, Color32::BLACK);
    paint_fine_lines_and_text(&painter, top_half, Color32::WHITE);

    let mut bottom_half = rect;
    bottom_half.set_top(bottom_half.center().y);
    painter.rect_filled(bottom_half, 0.0, Color32::WHITE);
    paint_fine_lines_and_text(&painter, bottom_half, Color32::BLACK);
}

fn paint_fine_lines_and_text(painter: &egui::Painter, mut rect: Rect, color: Color32) {
    {
        let mut x = 0.0;
        for opacity in [1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, 0.00] {
            painter.text(
                rect.center_top() + Vec2::new(0.0, x),
                Align2::LEFT_TOP,
                format!("{:.0}% white", 100.0 * opacity),
                FontId::proportional(16.0),
                Color32::WHITE.linear_multiply(opacity),
            );
            painter.text(
                rect.center_top() + Vec2::new(80.0, x),
                Align2::LEFT_TOP,
                format!("{:.0}% gray", 100.0 * opacity),
                FontId::proportional(16.0),
                Color32::GRAY.linear_multiply(opacity),
            );
            painter.text(
                rect.center_top() + Vec2::new(160.0, x),
                Align2::LEFT_TOP,
                format!("{:.0}% black", 100.0 * opacity),
                FontId::proportional(16.0),
                Color32::BLACK.linear_multiply(opacity),
            );
            x += 20.0;
        }
    }

    rect.max.x = rect.center().x;

    rect = rect.shrink(12.0);
    for width in [0.5, 1.0, 2.0] {
        painter.text(
            rect.left_top(),
            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
            width.to_string(),
            FontId::monospace(14.0),
            color,
        );

        painter.add(egui::epaint::CubicBezierShape::from_points_stroke(
            [
                rect.left_top() + Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
                rect.right_top(),
                rect.right_center(),
                rect.right_bottom(),
            ],
            false,
            Color32::TRANSPARENT,
            Stroke::new(width, color),
        ));

        rect.min.y += 32.0;
        rect.max.x -= 32.0;
    }

    rect.min.y += 16.0;
    painter.text(
        rect.left_top(),
        Align2::LEFT_CENTER,
        "transparent --> opaque",
        FontId::monospace(11.0),
        color,
    );
    rect.min.y += 12.0;
    let mut mesh = Mesh::default();
    mesh.colored_vertex(rect.left_bottom(), Color32::TRANSPARENT);
    mesh.colored_vertex(rect.left_top(), Color32::TRANSPARENT);
    mesh.colored_vertex(rect.right_bottom(), color);
    mesh.colored_vertex(rect.right_top(), color);
    mesh.add_triangle(0, 1, 2);
    mesh.add_triangle(1, 2, 3);
    painter.add(mesh);
}