api-web-contents-spec.ts

import { expect } from 'chai'
import { AddressInfo } from 'net'
import * as path from 'path'
import * as fs from 'fs'
import * as http from 'http'
import * as ChildProcess from 'child_process'
import { BrowserWindow, ipcMain, webContents, session, WebContents, app, clipboard } from 'electron'
import { emittedOnce } from './events-helpers'
import { closeAllWindows } from './window-helpers'
import { ifdescribe, ifit } from './spec-helpers'

const pdfjs = require('pdfjs-dist')
const fixturesPath = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'spec', 'fixtures')
const features = process.electronBinding('features')

describe('webContents module', () => {
  describe('getAllWebContents() API', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('returns an array of web contents', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({
        show: false,
        webPreferences: { webviewTag: true }
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'webview-zoom-factor.html'))

      await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'did-attach-webview')

      w.webContents.openDevTools()

      await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-opened')

      const all = webContents.getAllWebContents().sort((a, b) => {
        return a.id - b.id
      })

      expect(all).to.have.length(3)
      expect(all[0].getType()).to.equal('window')
      expect(all[all.length - 2].getType()).to.equal('webview')
      expect(all[all.length - 1].getType()).to.equal('remote')
    })
  })

  describe('will-prevent-unload event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('does not emit if beforeunload returns undefined', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.once('closed', () => done())
      w.webContents.once('will-prevent-unload', () => {
        expect.fail('should not have fired')
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, 'fixtures', 'api', 'close-beforeunload-undefined.html'))
    })

    it('emits if beforeunload returns false', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, 'fixtures', 'api', 'close-beforeunload-false.html'))
      await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'will-prevent-unload')
    })

    it('supports calling preventDefault on will-prevent-unload events', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.webContents.once('will-prevent-unload', event => event.preventDefault())
      w.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, 'fixtures', 'api', 'close-beforeunload-false.html'))
      await emittedOnce(w, 'closed')
    })
  })

  describe('webContents.send(channel, args...)', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('throws an error when the channel is missing', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      expect(() => {
        (w.webContents.send as any)()
      }).to.throw('Missing required channel argument')

      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.send(null as any)
      }).to.throw('Missing required channel argument')
    })

    it('does not block node async APIs when sent before document is ready', (done) => {
      // Please reference https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/19368 if
      // this test fails.
      ipcMain.once('async-node-api-done', () => {
        done()
      })
      const w = new BrowserWindow({
        show: false,
        webPreferences: {
          nodeIntegration: true,
          sandbox: false,
          contextIsolation: false
        }
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'send-after-node.html'))
      setTimeout(() => {
        w.webContents.send('test')
      }, 50)
    })
  })

  ifdescribe(features.isPrintingEnabled())('webContents.print()', () => {
    let w: BrowserWindow

    beforeEach(() => {
      w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
    })

    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('throws when invalid settings are passed', () => {
      expect(() => {
        // @ts-ignore this line is intentionally incorrect
        w.webContents.print(true)
      }).to.throw('webContents.print(): Invalid print settings specified.')
    })

    it('throws when an invalid callback is passed', () => {
      expect(() => {
        // @ts-ignore this line is intentionally incorrect
        w.webContents.print({}, true)
      }).to.throw('webContents.print(): Invalid optional callback provided.')
    })

    ifit(process.platform !== 'linux')('throws when an invalid deviceName is passed', () => {
      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.print({ deviceName: 'i-am-a-nonexistent-printer' }, () => {})
      }).to.throw('webContents.print(): Invalid deviceName provided.')
    })

    it('throws when an invalid pageSize is passed', () => {
      expect(() => {
        // @ts-ignore this line is intentionally incorrect
        w.webContents.print({ pageSize: 'i-am-a-bad-pagesize' }, () => {})
      }).to.throw('Unsupported pageSize: i-am-a-bad-pagesize')
    })

    it('does not crash with custom margins', () => {
      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.print({
          silent: true,
          margins: {
            marginType: 'custom',
            top: 1,
            bottom: 1,
            left: 1,
            right: 1
          }
        })
      }).to.not.throw()
    })
  })

  describe('webContents.executeJavaScript', () => {
    describe('in about:blank', () => {
      const expected = 'hello, world!'
      const expectedErrorMsg = 'woops!'
      const code = `(() => "${expected}")()`
      const asyncCode = `(() => new Promise(r => setTimeout(() => r("${expected}"), 500)))()`
      const badAsyncCode = `(() => new Promise((r, e) => setTimeout(() => e("${expectedErrorMsg}"), 500)))()`
      const errorTypes = new Set([
        Error,
        ReferenceError,
        EvalError,
        RangeError,
        SyntaxError,
        TypeError,
        URIError
      ])
      let w: BrowserWindow

      before(async () => {
        w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
        await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      })
      after(closeAllWindows)

      it('resolves the returned promise with the result', async () => {
        const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(code)
        expect(result).to.equal(expected)
      })
      it('resolves the returned promise with the result if the code returns an asyncronous promise', async () => {
        const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(asyncCode)
        expect(result).to.equal(expected)
      })
      it('rejects the returned promise if an async error is thrown', async () => {
        await expect(w.webContents.executeJavaScript(badAsyncCode)).to.eventually.be.rejectedWith(expectedErrorMsg)
      })
      it('rejects the returned promise with an error if an Error.prototype is thrown', async () => {
        for (const error of errorTypes) {
          await expect(w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`Promise.reject(new ${error.name}("Wamp-wamp"))`))
            .to.eventually.be.rejectedWith(error)
        }
      })
    })

    describe('on a real page', () => {
      let w: BrowserWindow
      beforeEach(() => {
        w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      })
      afterEach(closeAllWindows)

      let server: http.Server = null as unknown as http.Server
      let serverUrl: string = null as unknown as string

      before((done) => {
        server = http.createServer((request, response) => {
          response.end()
        }).listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
          serverUrl = 'http://127.0.0.1:' + (server.address() as AddressInfo).port
          done()
        })
      })

      after(() => {
        server.close()
      })

      it('works after page load and during subframe load', (done) => {
        w.webContents.once('did-finish-load', () => {
          // initiate a sub-frame load, then try and execute script during it
          w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`
            var iframe = document.createElement('iframe')
            iframe.src = '${serverUrl}/slow'
            document.body.appendChild(iframe)
            null // don't return the iframe
          `).then(() => {
            w.webContents.executeJavaScript('console.log(\'hello\')').then(() => {
              done()
            })
          })
        })
        w.loadURL(serverUrl)
      })

      it('executes after page load', (done) => {
        w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`(() => "test")()`).then(result => {
          expect(result).to.equal('test')
          done()
        })
        w.loadURL(serverUrl)
      })
    })
  })

  describe('webContents.executeJavaScriptInIsolatedWorld', () => {
    let w: BrowserWindow

    before(async () => {
      w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { contextIsolation: true } })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
    })

    it('resolves the returned promise with the result', async () => {
      await w.webContents.executeJavaScriptInIsolatedWorld(999, [{ code: 'window.X = 123' }])
      const isolatedResult = await w.webContents.executeJavaScriptInIsolatedWorld(999, [{ code: 'window.X' }])
      const mainWorldResult = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript('window.X')
      expect(isolatedResult).to.equal(123)
      expect(mainWorldResult).to.equal(undefined)
    })
  })

  describe('loadURL() promise API', () => {
    let w: BrowserWindow
    beforeEach(async () => {
      w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
    })
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('resolves when done loading', async () => {
      await expect(w.loadURL('about:blank')).to.eventually.be.fulfilled()
    })

    it('resolves when done loading a file URL', async () => {
      await expect(w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'base-page.html'))).to.eventually.be.fulfilled()
    })

    it('rejects when failing to load a file URL', async () => {
      await expect(w.loadURL('file:non-existent')).to.eventually.be.rejected()
        .and.have.property('code', 'ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND')
    })

    // Temporarily disable on WOA until
    // https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/20008 is resolved
    const testFn = (process.platform === 'win32' && process.arch === 'arm64' ? it.skip : it)
    testFn('rejects when loading fails due to DNS not resolved', async () => {
      await expect(w.loadURL('https://err.name.not.resolved')).to.eventually.be.rejected()
        .and.have.property('code', 'ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED')
    })

    it('rejects when navigation is cancelled due to a bad scheme', async () => {
      await expect(w.loadURL('bad-scheme://foo')).to.eventually.be.rejected()
        .and.have.property('code', 'ERR_FAILED')
    })

    it('sets appropriate error information on rejection', async () => {
      let err
      try {
        await w.loadURL('file:non-existent')
      } catch (e) {
        err = e
      }
      expect(err).not.to.be.null()
      expect(err.code).to.eql('ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND')
      expect(err.errno).to.eql(-6)
      expect(err.url).to.eql(process.platform === 'win32' ? 'file://non-existent/' : 'file:///non-existent')
    })

    it('rejects if the load is aborted', async () => {
      const s = http.createServer(() => { /* never complete the request */ })
      await new Promise(resolve => s.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve))
      const { port } = s.address() as AddressInfo
      const p = expect(w.loadURL(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}`)).to.eventually.be.rejectedWith(Error, /ERR_ABORTED/)
      // load a different file before the first load completes, causing the
      // first load to be aborted.
      await w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'base-page.html'))
      await p
      s.close()
    })

    it("doesn't reject when a subframe fails to load", async () => {
      let resp = null as unknown as http.ServerResponse
      const s = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' })
        res.write('<iframe src="http://err.name.not.resolved"></iframe>')
        resp = res
        // don't end the response yet
      })
      await new Promise(resolve => s.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve))
      const { port } = s.address() as AddressInfo
      const p = new Promise(resolve => {
        w.webContents.on('did-fail-load', (event, errorCode, errorDescription, validatedURL, isMainFrame) => {
          if (!isMainFrame) {
            resolve()
          }
        })
      })
      const main = w.loadURL(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}`)
      await p
      resp.end()
      await main
      s.close()
    })

    it("doesn't resolve when a subframe loads", async () => {
      let resp = null as unknown as http.ServerResponse
      const s = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' })
        res.write('<iframe src="data:text/html,hi"></iframe>')
        resp = res
        // don't end the response yet
      })
      await new Promise(resolve => s.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve))
      const { port } = s.address() as AddressInfo
      const p = new Promise(resolve => {
        w.webContents.on('did-frame-finish-load', (event, isMainFrame) => {
          if (!isMainFrame) {
            resolve()
          }
        })
      })
      const main = w.loadURL(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}`)
      await p
      resp.destroy() // cause the main request to fail
      await expect(main).to.eventually.be.rejected()
        .and.have.property('errno', -355) // ERR_INCOMPLETE_CHUNKED_ENCODING
      s.close()
    })
  })

  describe('getFocusedWebContents() API', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    const testFn = (process.platform === 'win32' && process.arch === 'arm64' ? it.skip : it)
    testFn('returns the focused web contents', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      expect(webContents.getFocusedWebContents().id).to.equal(w.webContents.id)

      const devToolsOpened = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-opened')
      w.webContents.openDevTools()
      await devToolsOpened
      expect(webContents.getFocusedWebContents().id).to.equal(w.webContents.devToolsWebContents.id)
      const devToolsClosed = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-closed')
      w.webContents.closeDevTools()
      await devToolsClosed
      expect(webContents.getFocusedWebContents().id).to.equal(w.webContents.id)
    })

    it('does not crash when called on a detached dev tools window', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true })

      w.webContents.openDevTools({ mode: 'detach' })
      w.webContents.inspectElement(100, 100)

      // For some reason we have to wait for two focused events...?
      await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-focused')

      expect(() => { webContents.getFocusedWebContents() }).to.not.throw()

      // Work around https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/19985
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0))

      const devToolsClosed = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-closed')
      w.webContents.closeDevTools()
      await devToolsClosed
      expect(() => { webContents.getFocusedWebContents() }).to.not.throw()
    })
  })

  describe('setDevToolsWebContents() API', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('sets arbitrary webContents as devtools', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const devtools = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const promise = emittedOnce(devtools.webContents, 'dom-ready')
      w.webContents.setDevToolsWebContents(devtools.webContents)
      w.webContents.openDevTools()
      await promise
      expect(devtools.webContents.getURL().startsWith('devtools://devtools')).to.be.true()
      const result = await devtools.webContents.executeJavaScript('InspectorFrontendHost.constructor.name')
      expect(result).to.equal('InspectorFrontendHostImpl')
      devtools.destroy()
    })
  })

  describe('isFocused() API', () => {
    it('returns false when the window is hidden', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      expect(w.isVisible()).to.be.false()
      expect(w.webContents.isFocused()).to.be.false()
    })
  })

  describe('isCurrentlyAudible() API', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('returns whether audio is playing', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`
        window.context = new AudioContext
        // Start in suspended state, because of the
        // new web audio api policy.
        context.suspend()
        window.oscillator = context.createOscillator()
        oscillator.connect(context.destination)
        oscillator.start()
      `)
      let p = emittedOnce(w.webContents, '-audio-state-changed')
      w.webContents.executeJavaScript('context.resume()')
      await p
      expect(w.webContents.isCurrentlyAudible()).to.be.true()
      p = emittedOnce(w.webContents, '-audio-state-changed')
      w.webContents.executeJavaScript('oscillator.stop()')
      await p
      expect(w.webContents.isCurrentlyAudible()).to.be.false()
    })
  })

  describe('getWebPreferences() API', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('should not crash when called for devTools webContents', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.webContents.openDevTools()
      w.webContents.once('devtools-opened', () => {
        expect(w.webContents.devToolsWebContents.getWebPreferences()).to.be.null()
        done()
      })
    })
  })

  describe('openDevTools() API', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('can show window with activation', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const focused = emittedOnce(w, 'focus')
      w.show()
      await focused
      expect(w.isFocused()).to.be.true()
      w.webContents.openDevTools({ mode: 'detach', activate: true })
      await Promise.all([
        emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-opened'),
        emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-focused')
      ])
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0))
      expect(w.isFocused()).to.be.false()
    })

    it('can show window without activation', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const devtoolsOpened = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-opened')
      w.webContents.openDevTools({ mode: 'detach', activate: false })
      await devtoolsOpened
      expect(w.webContents.isDevToolsOpened()).to.be.true()
    })
  })

  describe('before-input-event event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('can prevent document keyboard events', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      await w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'key-events.html'))
      const keyDown = new Promise(resolve => {
        ipcMain.once('keydown', (event, key) => resolve(key))
      })
      w.webContents.once('before-input-event', (event, input) => {
        if (input.key === 'a') event.preventDefault()
      })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'a' })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'b' })
      expect(await keyDown).to.equal('b')
    })

    it('has the correct properties', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      await w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'base-page.html'))
      const testBeforeInput = async (opts: any) => {
        const modifiers = []
        if (opts.shift) modifiers.push('shift')
        if (opts.control) modifiers.push('control')
        if (opts.alt) modifiers.push('alt')
        if (opts.meta) modifiers.push('meta')
        if (opts.isAutoRepeat) modifiers.push('isAutoRepeat')

        const p = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'before-input-event')
        w.webContents.sendInputEvent({
          type: opts.type,
          keyCode: opts.keyCode,
          modifiers: modifiers as any
        })
        const [, input] = await p

        expect(input.type).to.equal(opts.type)
        expect(input.key).to.equal(opts.key)
        expect(input.code).to.equal(opts.code)
        expect(input.isAutoRepeat).to.equal(opts.isAutoRepeat)
        expect(input.shift).to.equal(opts.shift)
        expect(input.control).to.equal(opts.control)
        expect(input.alt).to.equal(opts.alt)
        expect(input.meta).to.equal(opts.meta)
      }
      await testBeforeInput({
        type: 'keyDown',
        key: 'A',
        code: 'KeyA',
        keyCode: 'a',
        shift: true,
        control: true,
        alt: true,
        meta: true,
        isAutoRepeat: true
      })
      await testBeforeInput({
        type: 'keyUp',
        key: '.',
        code: 'Period',
        keyCode: '.',
        shift: false,
        control: true,
        alt: true,
        meta: false,
        isAutoRepeat: false
      })
      await testBeforeInput({
        type: 'keyUp',
        key: '!',
        code: 'Digit1',
        keyCode: '1',
        shift: true,
        control: false,
        alt: false,
        meta: true,
        isAutoRepeat: false
      })
      await testBeforeInput({
        type: 'keyUp',
        key: 'Tab',
        code: 'Tab',
        keyCode: 'Tab',
        shift: false,
        control: true,
        alt: false,
        meta: false,
        isAutoRepeat: true
      })
    })
  })

  // On Mac, zooming isn't done with the mouse wheel.
  ifdescribe(process.platform !== 'darwin')('zoom-changed', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('is emitted with the correct zooming info', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      await w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'base-page.html'))

      const testZoomChanged = async ({ zoomingIn }: { zoomingIn: boolean }) => {
        w.webContents.sendInputEvent({
          type: 'mouseWheel',
          x: 300,
          y: 300,
          deltaX: 0,
          deltaY: zoomingIn ? 1 : -1,
          wheelTicksX: 0,
          wheelTicksY: zoomingIn ? 1 : -1,
          modifiers: ['control', 'meta']
        })

        const [, zoomDirection] = await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'zoom-changed')
        expect(zoomDirection).to.equal(zoomingIn ? 'in' : 'out')
      }

      await testZoomChanged({ zoomingIn: true })
      await testZoomChanged({ zoomingIn: false })
    })
  })

  describe('sendInputEvent(event)', () => {
    let w: BrowserWindow
    beforeEach(async () => {
      w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      await w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'key-events.html'))
    })
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('can send keydown events', (done) => {
      ipcMain.once('keydown', (event, key, code, keyCode, shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey) => {
        expect(key).to.equal('a')
        expect(code).to.equal('KeyA')
        expect(keyCode).to.equal(65)
        expect(shiftKey).to.be.false()
        expect(ctrlKey).to.be.false()
        expect(altKey).to.be.false()
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'A' })
    })

    it('can send keydown events with modifiers', (done) => {
      ipcMain.once('keydown', (event, key, code, keyCode, shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey) => {
        expect(key).to.equal('Z')
        expect(code).to.equal('KeyZ')
        expect(keyCode).to.equal(90)
        expect(shiftKey).to.be.true()
        expect(ctrlKey).to.be.true()
        expect(altKey).to.be.false()
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Z', modifiers: ['shift', 'ctrl'] })
    })

    it('can send keydown events with special keys', (done) => {
      ipcMain.once('keydown', (event, key, code, keyCode, shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey) => {
        expect(key).to.equal('Tab')
        expect(code).to.equal('Tab')
        expect(keyCode).to.equal(9)
        expect(shiftKey).to.be.false()
        expect(ctrlKey).to.be.false()
        expect(altKey).to.be.true()
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Tab', modifiers: ['alt'] })
    })

    it('can send char events', (done) => {
      ipcMain.once('keypress', (event, key, code, keyCode, shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey) => {
        expect(key).to.equal('a')
        expect(code).to.equal('KeyA')
        expect(keyCode).to.equal(65)
        expect(shiftKey).to.be.false()
        expect(ctrlKey).to.be.false()
        expect(altKey).to.be.false()
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'A' })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'char', keyCode: 'A' })
    })

    it('can send char events with modifiers', (done) => {
      ipcMain.once('keypress', (event, key, code, keyCode, shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey) => {
        expect(key).to.equal('Z')
        expect(code).to.equal('KeyZ')
        expect(keyCode).to.equal(90)
        expect(shiftKey).to.be.true()
        expect(ctrlKey).to.be.true()
        expect(altKey).to.be.false()
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Z' })
      w.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'char', keyCode: 'Z', modifiers: ['shift', 'ctrl'] })
    })
  })

  describe('insertCSS', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('supports inserting CSS', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.loadURL('about:blank')
      await w.webContents.insertCSS('body { background-repeat: round; }')
      const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript('window.getComputedStyle(document.body).getPropertyValue("background-repeat")')
      expect(result).to.equal('round')
    })

    it('supports removing inserted CSS', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.loadURL('about:blank')
      const key = await w.webContents.insertCSS('body { background-repeat: round; }')
      await w.webContents.removeInsertedCSS(key)
      const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript('window.getComputedStyle(document.body).getPropertyValue("background-repeat")')
      expect(result).to.equal('repeat')
    })
  })

  describe('inspectElement()', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('supports inspecting an element in the devtools', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.loadURL('about:blank')
      w.webContents.once('devtools-opened', () => { done() })
      w.webContents.inspectElement(10, 10)
    })
  })

  describe('startDrag({file, icon})', () => {
    it('throws errors for a missing file or a missing/empty icon', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.startDrag({ icon: path.join(fixturesPath, 'assets', 'logo.png') } as any)
      }).to.throw(`Must specify either 'file' or 'files' option`)

      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.startDrag({ file: __filename } as any)
      }).to.throw(`Must specify non-empty 'icon' option`)

      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.startDrag({ file: __filename, icon: __filename })
      }).to.throw(`Must specify non-empty 'icon' option`)
    })
  })

  describe('focus()', () => {
    describe('when the web contents is hidden', () => {
      afterEach(closeAllWindows)
      it('does not blur the focused window', async () => {
        const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
        w.show()
        await w.loadURL('about:blank')
        w.focus()
        const child = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
        child.loadURL('about:blank')
        child.webContents.focus()
        const currentFocused = w.isFocused()
        const childFocused = child.isFocused()
        child.close()
        expect(currentFocused).to.be.true()
        expect(childFocused).to.be.false()
      })
    })
  })

  describe('getOSProcessId()', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('returns a valid procress id', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      expect(w.webContents.getOSProcessId()).to.equal(0)

      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      expect(w.webContents.getOSProcessId()).to.be.above(0)
    })
  })

  describe('userAgent APIs', () => {
    it('can set the user agent (functions)', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const userAgent = w.webContents.getUserAgent()

      w.webContents.setUserAgent('my-user-agent')
      expect(w.webContents.getUserAgent()).to.equal('my-user-agent')

      w.webContents.setUserAgent(userAgent)
      expect(w.webContents.getUserAgent()).to.equal(userAgent)
    })

    it('can set the user agent (properties)', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const userAgent = w.webContents.userAgent

      w.webContents.userAgent = 'my-user-agent'
      expect(w.webContents.userAgent).to.equal('my-user-agent')

      w.webContents.userAgent = userAgent
      expect(w.webContents.userAgent).to.equal(userAgent)
    })
  })

  describe('audioMuted APIs', () => {
    it('can set the audio mute level (functions)', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })

      w.webContents.setAudioMuted(true)
      expect(w.webContents.isAudioMuted()).to.be.true()

      w.webContents.setAudioMuted(false)
      expect(w.webContents.isAudioMuted()).to.be.false()
    })

    it('can set the audio mute level (functions)', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })

      w.webContents.audioMuted = true
      expect(w.webContents.audioMuted).to.be.true()

      w.webContents.audioMuted = false
      expect(w.webContents.audioMuted).to.be.false()
    })
  })

  describe('zoom api', () => {
    const scheme = (global as any).standardScheme
    const hostZoomMap: Record<string, number> = {
      host1: 0.3,
      host2: 0.7,
      host3: 0.2
    }

    before((done) => {
      const protocol = session.defaultSession.protocol
      protocol.registerStringProtocol(scheme, (request, callback) => {
        const response = `<script>
                            const {ipcRenderer, remote} = require('electron')
                            ipcRenderer.send('set-zoom', window.location.hostname)
                            ipcRenderer.on(window.location.hostname + '-zoom-set', () => {
                              const { zoomLevel } = remote.getCurrentWebContents()
                              ipcRenderer.send(window.location.hostname + '-zoom-level', zoomLevel)
                            })
                          </script>`
        callback({ data: response, mimeType: 'text/html' })
      }, (error) => done(error))
    })

    after((done) => {
      const protocol = session.defaultSession.protocol
      protocol.unregisterProtocol(scheme, (error) => done(error))
    })

    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('throws on an invalid zoomFactor', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')

      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.setZoomFactor(0.0)
      }).to.throw(/'zoomFactor' must be a double greater than 0.0/)

      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.setZoomFactor(-2.0)
      }).to.throw(/'zoomFactor' must be a double greater than 0.0/)
    })

    it('can set the correct zoom level (functions)', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      try {
        await w.loadURL('about:blank')
        const zoomLevel = w.webContents.getZoomLevel()
        expect(zoomLevel).to.eql(0.0)
        w.webContents.setZoomLevel(0.5)
        const newZoomLevel = w.webContents.getZoomLevel()
        expect(newZoomLevel).to.eql(0.5)
      } finally {
        w.webContents.setZoomLevel(0)
      }
    })

    it('can set the correct zoom level (properties)', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      try {
        await w.loadURL('about:blank')
        const zoomLevel = w.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(zoomLevel).to.eql(0.0)
        w.webContents.zoomLevel = 0.5
        const newZoomLevel = w.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(newZoomLevel).to.eql(0.5)
      } finally {
        w.webContents.zoomLevel = 0
      }
    })

    it('can set the correct zoom factor (functions)', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      try {
        await w.loadURL('about:blank')
        const zoomFactor = w.webContents.getZoomFactor()
        expect(zoomFactor).to.eql(1.0)

        w.webContents.setZoomFactor(0.5)
        const newZoomFactor = w.webContents.getZoomFactor()
        expect(newZoomFactor).to.eql(0.5)
      } finally {
        w.webContents.setZoomFactor(1.0)
      }
    })

    it('can set the correct zoom factor (properties)', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      try {
        await w.loadURL('about:blank')
        const zoomFactor = w.webContents.zoomFactor
        expect(zoomFactor).to.eql(1.0)

        w.webContents.zoomFactor = 0.5
        const newZoomFactor = w.webContents.zoomFactor
        expect(newZoomFactor).to.eql(0.5)
      } finally {
        w.webContents.zoomFactor = 1.0
      }
    })

    it('can persist zoom level across navigation', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true, enableRemoteModule: true } })
      let finalNavigation = false
      ipcMain.on('set-zoom', (e, host) => {
        const zoomLevel = hostZoomMap[host]
        if (!finalNavigation) w.webContents.zoomLevel = zoomLevel
        e.sender.send(`${host}-zoom-set`)
      })
      ipcMain.on('host1-zoom-level', (e, zoomLevel) => {
        const expectedZoomLevel = hostZoomMap.host1
        expect(zoomLevel).to.equal(expectedZoomLevel)
        if (finalNavigation) {
          done()
        } else {
          w.loadURL(`${scheme}://host2`)
        }
      })
      ipcMain.once('host2-zoom-level', (e, zoomLevel) => {
        const expectedZoomLevel = hostZoomMap.host2
        expect(zoomLevel).to.equal(expectedZoomLevel)
        finalNavigation = true
        w.webContents.goBack()
      })
      w.loadURL(`${scheme}://host1`)
    })

    it('can propagate zoom level across same session', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true, enableRemoteModule: true } })
      const w2 = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w2.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
        const zoomLevel1 = w.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(zoomLevel1).to.equal(hostZoomMap.host3)

        const zoomLevel2 = w2.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(zoomLevel1).to.equal(zoomLevel2)
        w2.setClosable(true)
        w2.close()
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
        w.webContents.zoomLevel = hostZoomMap.host3
        w2.loadURL(`${scheme}://host3`)
      })
      w.loadURL(`${scheme}://host3`)
    })

    it('cannot propagate zoom level across different session', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      const w2 = new BrowserWindow({
        show: false,
        webPreferences: {
          partition: 'temp'
        }
      })
      const protocol = w2.webContents.session.protocol
      protocol.registerStringProtocol(scheme, (request, callback) => {
        callback('hello')
      }, (error) => {
        if (error) return done(error)
        w2.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
          const zoomLevel1 = w.webContents.zoomLevel
          expect(zoomLevel1).to.equal(hostZoomMap.host3)

          const zoomLevel2 = w2.webContents.zoomLevel
          expect(zoomLevel2).to.equal(0)
          expect(zoomLevel1).to.not.equal(zoomLevel2)

          protocol.unregisterProtocol(scheme, (error) => {
            if (error) return done(error)
            w2.setClosable(true)
            w2.close()
            done()
          })
        })
        w.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
          w.webContents.zoomLevel = hostZoomMap.host3
          w2.loadURL(`${scheme}://host3`)
        })
        w.loadURL(`${scheme}://host3`)
      })
    })

    it('can persist when it contains iframe', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          res.end()
        }, 200)
      })
      server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        const url = 'http://127.0.0.1:' + (server.address() as AddressInfo).port
        const content = `<iframe src=${url}></iframe>`
        w.webContents.on('did-frame-finish-load', (e, isMainFrame) => {
          if (!isMainFrame) {
            const zoomLevel = w.webContents.zoomLevel
            expect(zoomLevel).to.equal(2.0)

            w.webContents.zoomLevel = 0
            server.close()
            done()
          }
        })
        w.webContents.on('dom-ready', () => {
          w.webContents.zoomLevel = 2.0
        })
        w.loadURL(`data:text/html,${content}`)
      })
    })

    it('cannot propagate when used with webframe', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      let finalZoomLevel = 0
      const w2 = new BrowserWindow({
        show: false
      })
      w2.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
        const zoomLevel1 = w.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(zoomLevel1).to.equal(finalZoomLevel)

        const zoomLevel2 = w2.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(zoomLevel2).to.equal(0)
        expect(zoomLevel1).to.not.equal(zoomLevel2)

        w2.setClosable(true)
        w2.close()
        done()
      })
      ipcMain.once('temporary-zoom-set', (e, zoomLevel) => {
        w2.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'c.html'))
        finalZoomLevel = zoomLevel
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'webframe-zoom.html'))
    })

    describe('with unique domains', () => {
      let server: http.Server
      let serverUrl: string
      let crossSiteUrl: string

      before((done) => {
        server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
          setTimeout(() => res.end('hey'), 0)
        })
        server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
          serverUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${(server.address() as AddressInfo).port}`
          crossSiteUrl = `http://localhost:${(server.address() as AddressInfo).port}`
          done()
        })
      })

      after(() => {
        server.close()
      })

      it('cannot persist zoom level after navigation with webFrame', async () => {
        const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
        const source = `
          const {ipcRenderer, webFrame} = require('electron')
          webFrame.setZoomLevel(0.6)
          ipcRenderer.send('zoom-level-set', webFrame.getZoomLevel())
        `
        const zoomLevelPromise = emittedOnce(ipcMain, 'zoom-level-set')
        await w.loadURL(serverUrl)
        await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(source)
        let [, zoomLevel] = await zoomLevelPromise
        expect(zoomLevel).to.equal(0.6)
        const loadPromise = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'did-finish-load')
        await w.loadURL(crossSiteUrl)
        await loadPromise
        zoomLevel = w.webContents.zoomLevel
        expect(zoomLevel).to.equal(0)
      })
    })
  })

  describe('webrtc ip policy api', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('can set and get webrtc ip policies', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const policies = [
        'default',
        'default_public_interface_only',
        'default_public_and_private_interfaces',
        'disable_non_proxied_udp'
      ]
      policies.forEach((policy) => {
        w.webContents.setWebRTCIPHandlingPolicy(policy as any)
        expect(w.webContents.getWebRTCIPHandlingPolicy()).to.equal(policy)
      })
    })
  })

  describe('render view deleted events', () => {
    let server: http.Server
    let serverUrl: string
    let crossSiteUrl: string

    before((done) => {
      server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        const respond = () => {
          if (req.url === '/redirect-cross-site') {
            res.setHeader('Location', `${crossSiteUrl}/redirected`)
            res.statusCode = 302
            res.end()
          } else if (req.url === '/redirected') {
            res.end('<html><script>window.localStorage</script></html>')
          } else {
            res.end()
          }
        }
        setTimeout(respond, 0)
      })
      server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        serverUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${(server.address() as AddressInfo).port}`
        crossSiteUrl = `http://localhost:${(server.address() as AddressInfo).port}`
        done()
      })
    })

    after(() => {
      server.close()
    })

    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('does not emit current-render-view-deleted when speculative RVHs are deleted', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      let currentRenderViewDeletedEmitted = false
      w.webContents.once('destroyed', () => {
        expect(currentRenderViewDeletedEmitted).to.be.false('current-render-view-deleted was emitted')
        done()
      })
      const renderViewDeletedHandler = () => {
        currentRenderViewDeletedEmitted = true
      }
      w.webContents.on('current-render-view-deleted' as any, renderViewDeletedHandler)
      w.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
        w.webContents.removeListener('current-render-view-deleted' as any, renderViewDeletedHandler)
        w.close()
      })
      w.loadURL(`${serverUrl}/redirect-cross-site`)
    })

    it('emits current-render-view-deleted if the current RVHs are deleted', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      let currentRenderViewDeletedEmitted = false
      w.webContents.once('destroyed', () => {
        expect(currentRenderViewDeletedEmitted).to.be.true('current-render-view-deleted wasn\'t emitted')
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.on('current-render-view-deleted' as any, () => {
        currentRenderViewDeletedEmitted = true
      })
      w.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
        w.close()
      })
      w.loadURL(`${serverUrl}/redirect-cross-site`)
    })

    it('emits render-view-deleted if any RVHs are deleted', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      let rvhDeletedCount = 0
      w.webContents.once('destroyed', () => {
        const expectedRenderViewDeletedEventCount = 1
        expect(rvhDeletedCount).to.equal(expectedRenderViewDeletedEventCount, 'render-view-deleted wasn\'t emitted the expected nr. of times')
        done()
      })
      w.webContents.on('render-view-deleted' as any, () => {
        rvhDeletedCount++
      })
      w.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
        w.close()
      })
      w.loadURL(`${serverUrl}/redirect-cross-site`)
    })
  })

  describe('setIgnoreMenuShortcuts(ignore)', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('does not throw', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      expect(() => {
        w.webContents.setIgnoreMenuShortcuts(true)
        w.webContents.setIgnoreMenuShortcuts(false)
      }).to.not.throw()
    })
  })

  describe('create()', () => {
    it('does not crash on exit', async () => {
      const appPath = path.join(fixturesPath, 'api', 'leak-exit-webcontents.js')
      const electronPath = process.execPath
      const appProcess = ChildProcess.spawn(electronPath, [appPath])
      const [code] = await emittedOnce(appProcess, 'close')
      expect(code).to.equal(0)
    })
  })

  // Destroying webContents in its event listener is going to crash when
  // Electron is built in Debug mode.
  describe('destroy()', () => {
    let server: http.Server
    let serverUrl: string

    before((done) => {
      server = http.createServer((request, response) => {
        switch (request.url) {
          case '/net-error':
            response.destroy()
            break
          case '/200':
            response.end()
            break
          default:
            done('unsupported endpoint')
        }
      }).listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        serverUrl = 'http://127.0.0.1:' + (server.address() as AddressInfo).port
        done()
      })
    })

    after(() => {
      server.close()
    })

    const events = [
      { name: 'did-start-loading', url: '/200' },
      { name: 'dom-ready', url: '/200' },
      { name: 'did-stop-loading', url: '/200' },
      { name: 'did-finish-load', url: '/200' },
      // FIXME: Multiple Emit calls inside an observer assume that object
      // will be alive till end of the observer. Synchronous `destroy` api
      // violates this contract and crashes.
      { name: 'did-frame-finish-load', url: '/200' },
      { name: 'did-fail-load', url: '/net-error' }
    ]
    for (const e of events) {
      it(`should not crash when invoked synchronously inside ${e.name} handler`, async function () {
        // This test is flaky on Windows CI and we don't know why, but the
        // purpose of this test is to make sure Electron does not crash so it
        // is fine to retry this test for a few times.
        this.retries(3)

        const contents = (webContents as any).create() as WebContents
        const originalEmit = contents.emit.bind(contents)
        contents.emit = (...args) => { return originalEmit(...args) }
        contents.once(e.name as any, () => (contents as any).destroy())
        const destroyed = emittedOnce(contents, 'destroyed')
        contents.loadURL(serverUrl + e.url)
        await destroyed
      })
    }
  })

  describe('did-change-theme-color event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('is triggered with correct theme color', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true })
      let count = 0
      w.webContents.on('did-change-theme-color', (e, color) => {
        if (count === 0) {
          count += 1
          expect(color).to.equal('#FFEEDD')
          w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'base-page.html'))
        } else if (count === 1) {
          expect(color).to.be.null()
          done()
        }
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'theme-color.html'))
    })
  })

  describe('console-message event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('is triggered with correct log message', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true })
      w.webContents.on('console-message', (e, level, message) => {
        // Don't just assert as Chromium might emit other logs that we should ignore.
        if (message === 'a') {
          done()
        }
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'a.html'))
    })
  })

  describe('ipc-message event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('emits when the renderer process sends an asynchronous message', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      await w.webContents.loadURL('about:blank')
      w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`
        require('electron').ipcRenderer.send('message', 'Hello World!')
      `)

      const [, channel, message] = await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'ipc-message')
      expect(channel).to.equal('message')
      expect(message).to.equal('Hello World!')
    })
  })

  describe('ipc-message-sync event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('emits when the renderer process sends a synchronous message', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      await w.webContents.loadURL('about:blank')
      const promise: Promise<[string, string]> = new Promise(resolve => {
        w.webContents.once('ipc-message-sync', (event, channel, arg) => {
          event.returnValue = 'foobar' as any
          resolve([channel, arg])
        })
      })
      const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`
        require('electron').ipcRenderer.sendSync('message', 'Hello World!')
      `)

      const [channel, message] = await promise
      expect(channel).to.equal('message')
      expect(message).to.equal('Hello World!')
      expect(result).to.equal('foobar')
    })
  })

  describe('referrer', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('propagates referrer information to new target=_blank windows', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        if (req.url === '/should_have_referrer') {
          expect(req.headers.referer).to.equal(`http://127.0.0.1:${(server.address() as AddressInfo).port}/`)
          server.close()
          return done()
        }
        res.end('<a id="a" href="/should_have_referrer" target="_blank">link</a>')
      })
      server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        const url = 'http://127.0.0.1:' + (server.address() as AddressInfo).port + '/'
        w.webContents.once('did-finish-load', () => {
          w.webContents.once('new-window', (event, newUrl, frameName, disposition, options, features, referrer) => {
            expect(referrer.url).to.equal(url)
            expect(referrer.policy).to.equal('no-referrer-when-downgrade')
          })
          w.webContents.executeJavaScript('a.click()')
        })
        w.loadURL(url)
      })
    })

    // TODO(jeremy): window.open() in a real browser passes the referrer, but
    // our hacked-up window.open() shim doesn't. It should.
    xit('propagates referrer information to windows opened with window.open', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
        if (req.url === '/should_have_referrer') {
          expect(req.headers.referer).to.equal(`http://127.0.0.1:${(server.address() as AddressInfo).port}/`)
          return done()
        }
        res.end('')
      })
      server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        const url = 'http://127.0.0.1:' + (server.address() as AddressInfo).port + '/'
        w.webContents.once('did-finish-load', () => {
          w.webContents.once('new-window', (event, newUrl, frameName, disposition, options, features, referrer) => {
            expect(referrer.url).to.equal(url)
            expect(referrer.policy).to.equal('no-referrer-when-downgrade')
          })
          w.webContents.executeJavaScript('window.open(location.href + "should_have_referrer")')
        })
        w.loadURL(url)
      })
    })
  })

  describe('webframe messages in sandboxed contents', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('responds to executeJavaScript', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { sandbox: true } })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript('37 + 5')
      expect(result).to.equal(42)
    })
  })

  describe('preload-error event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    const generateSpecs = (description: string, sandbox: boolean) => {
      describe(description, () => {
        it('is triggered when unhandled exception is thrown', async () => {
          const preload = path.join(fixturesPath, 'module', 'preload-error-exception.js')

          const w = new BrowserWindow({
            show: false,
            webPreferences: {
              sandbox,
              preload
            }
          })

          const promise = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'preload-error')
          w.loadURL('about:blank')

          const [, preloadPath, error] = await promise
          expect(preloadPath).to.equal(preload)
          expect(error.message).to.equal('Hello World!')
        })

        it('is triggered on syntax errors', async () => {
          const preload = path.join(fixturesPath, 'module', 'preload-error-syntax.js')

          const w = new BrowserWindow({
            show: false,
            webPreferences: {
              sandbox,
              preload
            }
          })

          const promise = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'preload-error')
          w.loadURL('about:blank')

          const [, preloadPath, error] = await promise
          expect(preloadPath).to.equal(preload)
          expect(error.message).to.equal('foobar is not defined')
        })

        it('is triggered when preload script loading fails', async () => {
          const preload = path.join(fixturesPath, 'module', 'preload-invalid.js')

          const w = new BrowserWindow({
            show: false,
            webPreferences: {
              sandbox,
              preload
            }
          })

          const promise = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'preload-error')
          w.loadURL('about:blank')

          const [, preloadPath, error] = await promise
          expect(preloadPath).to.equal(preload)
          expect(error.message).to.contain('preload-invalid.js')
        })
      })
    }

    generateSpecs('without sandbox', false)
    generateSpecs('with sandbox', true)
  })

  describe('takeHeapSnapshot()', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('works with sandboxed renderers', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({
        show: false,
        webPreferences: {
          sandbox: true
        }
      })

      await w.loadURL('about:blank')

      const filePath = path.join(app.getPath('temp'), 'test.heapsnapshot')

      const cleanup = () => {
        try {
          fs.unlinkSync(filePath)
        } catch (e) {
          // ignore error
        }
      }

      try {
        await w.webContents.takeHeapSnapshot(filePath)
        const stats = fs.statSync(filePath)
        expect(stats.size).not.to.be.equal(0)
      } finally {
        cleanup()
      }
    })

    it('fails with invalid file path', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({
        show: false,
        webPreferences: {
          sandbox: true
        }
      })

      await w.loadURL('about:blank')

      const promise = w.webContents.takeHeapSnapshot('')
      return expect(promise).to.be.eventually.rejectedWith(Error, 'takeHeapSnapshot failed')
    })
  })

  describe('setBackgroundThrottling()', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('does not crash when allowing', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.webContents.setBackgroundThrottling(true)
    })

    it('does not crash when called via BrowserWindow', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false });

      (w as any).setBackgroundThrottling(true)
    })

    it('does not crash when disallowing', () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { backgroundThrottling: true } })

      w.webContents.setBackgroundThrottling(false)
    })
  })

  ifdescribe(features.isPrintingEnabled())('getPrinters()', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('can get printer list', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { sandbox: true } })
      await w.loadURL('about:blank')
      const printers = w.webContents.getPrinters()
      expect(printers).to.be.an('array')
    })
  })

  ifdescribe(features.isPrintingEnabled())('printToPDF()', () => {
    let w: BrowserWindow

    beforeEach(async () => {
      w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { sandbox: true } })
      await w.loadURL('data:text/html,<h1>Hello, World!</h1>')
    })

    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('rejects on incorrectly typed parameters', async () => {
      const badTypes = {
        marginsType: 'terrible',
        scaleFactor: 'not-a-number',
        landscape: [],
        pageRanges: { 'oops': 'im-not-the-right-key' },
        headerFooter: '123',
        printSelectionOnly: 1,
        printBackground: 2,
        pageSize: 'IAmAPageSize'
      }

      // These will hard crash in Chromium unless we type-check
      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(badTypes)) {
        const param = { [key]: value }
        await expect(w.webContents.printToPDF(param)).to.eventually.be.rejected()
      }
    })

    it('can print to PDF', async () => {
      const data = await w.webContents.printToPDF({})
      expect(data).to.be.an.instanceof(Buffer).that.is.not.empty()
    })

    it('respects custom settings', async () => {
      w.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, 'fixtures', 'api', 'print-to-pdf.html'))
      await emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'did-finish-load')

      const data = await w.webContents.printToPDF({
        pageRanges: {
          from: 0,
          to: 2
        },
        landscape: true
      })

      const doc = await pdfjs.getDocument(data).promise

      // Check that correct # of pages are rendered.
      expect(doc.numPages).to.equal(3)

      // Check that PDF is generated in landscape mode.
      const firstPage = await doc.getPage(1)
      const { width, height } = firstPage.getViewport({ scale: 100 })
      expect(width).to.be.greaterThan(height)
    })

    it('does not crash when called multiple times', async () => {
      const promises = []
      for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        promises.push(w.webContents.printToPDF({}))
      }
      const results = await Promise.all(promises)
      for (const data of results) {
        expect(data).to.be.an.instanceof(Buffer).that.is.not.empty()
      }
    })
  })

  describe('PictureInPicture video', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)
    it('works as expected', (done) => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { sandbox: true } })
      w.webContents.once('did-finish-load', async () => {
        const result = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(
          `runTest(${features.isPictureInPictureEnabled()})`, true)
        expect(result).to.be.true()
        done()
      })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'api', 'picture-in-picture.html'))
    })
  })

  describe('devtools window', () => {
    let hasRobotJS = false
    try {
      // We have other tests that check if native modules work, if we fail to require
      // robotjs let's skip this test to avoid false negatives
      require('robotjs')
      hasRobotJS = true
    } catch (err) { /* no-op */ }

    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    // NB. on macOS, this requires that you grant your terminal the ability to
    // control your computer. Open System Preferences > Security & Privacy >
    // Privacy > Accessibility and grant your terminal the permission to control
    // your computer.
    ifit(hasRobotJS)('can receive and handle menu events', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: true, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'pages', 'key-events.html'))

      // Ensure the devtools are loaded
      w.webContents.closeDevTools()
      const opened = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-opened')
      w.webContents.openDevTools()
      await opened
      await emittedOnce(w.webContents.devToolsWebContents, 'did-finish-load')
      w.webContents.devToolsWebContents.focus()

      // Focus an input field
      await w.webContents.devToolsWebContents.executeJavaScript(`
        const input = document.createElement('input')
        document.body.innerHTML = ''
        document.body.appendChild(input)
        input.focus()
      `)

      // Write something to the clipboard
      clipboard.writeText('test value')

      const pasted = w.webContents.devToolsWebContents.executeJavaScript(`new Promise(resolve => {
        document.querySelector('input').addEventListener('paste', (e) => {
          resolve(e.target.value)
        })
      })`)

      // Fake a paste request using robotjs to emulate a REAL keyboard paste event
      require('robotjs').keyTap('v', process.platform === 'darwin' ? ['command'] : ['control'])

      const val = await pasted

      // Once we're done expect the paste to have been successful
      expect(val).to.equal('test value', 'value should eventually become the pasted value')
    })
  })

  describe('Shared Workers', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    it('can get multiple shared workers', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })

      const ready = emittedOnce(ipcMain, 'ready')
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'api', 'shared-worker', 'shared-worker.html'))
      await ready

      const sharedWorkers = w.webContents.getAllSharedWorkers()

      expect(sharedWorkers).to.have.lengthOf(2)
      expect(sharedWorkers[0].url).to.contain('shared-worker')
      expect(sharedWorkers[1].url).to.contain('shared-worker')
    })

    it('can inspect a specific shared worker', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true } })

      const ready = emittedOnce(ipcMain, 'ready')
      w.loadFile(path.join(fixturesPath, 'api', 'shared-worker', 'shared-worker.html'))
      await ready

      const sharedWorkers = w.webContents.getAllSharedWorkers()

      const devtoolsOpened = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-opened')
      w.webContents.inspectSharedWorkerById(sharedWorkers[0].id)
      await devtoolsOpened

      const devtoolsClosed = emittedOnce(w.webContents, 'devtools-closed')
      w.webContents.closeDevTools()
      await devtoolsClosed
    })
  })

  describe('login event', () => {
    afterEach(closeAllWindows)

    let server: http.Server
    let serverUrl: string
    let serverPort: number
    let proxyServer: http.Server
    let proxyServerPort: number

    before((done) => {
      server = http.createServer((request, response) => {
        if (request.url === '/no-auth') {
          return response.end('ok')
        }
        if (request.headers.authorization) {
          response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-type': 'text/plain' })
          return response.end(request.headers.authorization)
        }
        response
          .writeHead(401, { 'WWW-Authenticate': 'Basic realm="Foo"' })
          .end('401')
      }).listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        serverPort = (server.address() as AddressInfo).port
        serverUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`
        done()
      })
    })

    before((done) => {
      proxyServer = http.createServer((request, response) => {
        if (request.headers['proxy-authorization']) {
          response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-type': 'text/plain' })
          return response.end(request.headers['proxy-authorization'])
        }
        response
          .writeHead(407, { 'Proxy-Authenticate': 'Basic realm="Foo"' })
          .end()
      }).listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
        proxyServerPort = (proxyServer.address() as AddressInfo).port
        done()
      })
    })

    afterEach(async () => {
      await session.defaultSession.clearAuthCache()
    })

    after(() => {
      server.close()
      proxyServer.close()
    })

    it('is emitted when navigating', async () => {
      const [user, pass] = ['user', 'pass']
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      let eventRequest: any
      let eventAuthInfo: any
      w.webContents.on('login', (event, request, authInfo, cb) => {
        eventRequest = request
        eventAuthInfo = authInfo
        event.preventDefault()
        cb(user, pass)
      })
      await w.loadURL(serverUrl)
      const body = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`document.documentElement.textContent`)
      expect(body).to.equal(`Basic ${Buffer.from(`${user}:${pass}`).toString('base64')}`)
      expect(eventRequest.url).to.equal(serverUrl + '/')
      expect(eventAuthInfo.isProxy).to.be.false()
      expect(eventAuthInfo.scheme).to.equal('basic')
      expect(eventAuthInfo.host).to.equal('127.0.0.1')
      expect(eventAuthInfo.port).to.equal(serverPort)
      expect(eventAuthInfo.realm).to.equal('Foo')
    })

    it('is emitted when a proxy requests authorization', async () => {
      const customSession = session.fromPartition(`${Math.random()}`)
      await customSession.setProxy({ proxyRules: `127.0.0.1:${proxyServerPort}`, proxyBypassRules: '<-loopback>' })
      const [user, pass] = ['user', 'pass']
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false, webPreferences: { session: customSession } })
      let eventRequest: any
      let eventAuthInfo: any
      w.webContents.on('login', (event, request, authInfo, cb) => {
        eventRequest = request
        eventAuthInfo = authInfo
        event.preventDefault()
        cb(user, pass)
      })
      await w.loadURL(`${serverUrl}/no-auth`)
      const body = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`document.documentElement.textContent`)
      expect(body).to.equal(`Basic ${Buffer.from(`${user}:${pass}`).toString('base64')}`)
      expect(eventRequest.url).to.equal(`${serverUrl}/no-auth`)
      expect(eventAuthInfo.isProxy).to.be.true()
      expect(eventAuthInfo.scheme).to.equal('basic')
      expect(eventAuthInfo.host).to.equal('127.0.0.1')
      expect(eventAuthInfo.port).to.equal(proxyServerPort)
      expect(eventAuthInfo.realm).to.equal('Foo')
    })

    it('cancels authentication when callback is called with no arguments', async () => {
      const w = new BrowserWindow({ show: false })
      w.webContents.on('login', (event, request, authInfo, cb) => {
        event.preventDefault()
        cb()
      })
      await w.loadURL(serverUrl)
      const body = await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`document.documentElement.textContent`)
      expect(body).to.equal('401')
    })
  })
})