diff --git a/docs/changelog/107967.yaml b/docs/changelog/107967.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..159370e44f236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/107967.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pr: 107967
+summary: Sort time series indices by time range in `GetDataStreams` API
+area: TSDB
+type: bug
+issues:
+ - 102088
diff --git a/modules/data-streams/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportAction.java b/modules/data-streams/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportAction.java
index d4d62c2829172..f7064eb39a015 100644
--- a/modules/data-streams/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportAction.java
+++ b/modules/data-streams/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportAction.java
@@ -151,46 +151,61 @@ static GetDataStreamAction.Response innerOperation(
 
             GetDataStreamAction.Response.TimeSeries timeSeries = null;
             if (dataStream.getIndexMode() == IndexMode.TIME_SERIES) {
-                List<Tuple<Instant, Instant>> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
-                Tuple<Instant, Instant> current = null;
-                String previousIndexName = null;
-                for (Index index : dataStream.getIndices()) {
-                    IndexMetadata indexMetadata = metadata.index(index);
-                    if (indexMetadata.getIndexMode() != IndexMode.TIME_SERIES) {
-                        continue;
+                record IndexInfo(String name, Instant timeSeriesStart, Instant timeSeriesEnd) implements Comparable<IndexInfo> {
+                    @Override
+                    public int compareTo(IndexInfo o) {
+                        return Comparator.comparing(IndexInfo::timeSeriesStart).thenComparing(IndexInfo::timeSeriesEnd).compare(this, o);
                     }
-                    Instant start = indexMetadata.getTimeSeriesStart();
-                    Instant end = indexMetadata.getTimeSeriesEnd();
-                    if (current == null) {
-                        current = new Tuple<>(start, end);
-                    } else if (current.v2().compareTo(start) == 0) {
-                        current = new Tuple<>(current.v1(), end);
-                    } else if (current.v2().compareTo(start) < 0) {
-                        ranges.add(current);
-                        current = new Tuple<>(start, end);
+                }
+
+                List<Tuple<Instant, Instant>> mergedRanges = new ArrayList<>();
+                Tuple<Instant, Instant> currentMergedRange = null;
+                IndexInfo previous = null;
+
+                // We need indices to be sorted by time series range
+                // to produce temporal ranges.
+                // But it is not enforced in API, so we explicitly sort here.
+                var sortedRanges = dataStream.getIndices()
+                    .stream()
+                    .map(metadata::index)
+                    .filter(m -> m.getIndexMode() == IndexMode.TIME_SERIES)
+                    .map(m -> new IndexInfo(m.getIndex().getName(), m.getTimeSeriesStart(), m.getTimeSeriesEnd()))
+                    .sorted()
+                    .toList();
+
+                for (var info : sortedRanges) {
+                    Instant start = info.timeSeriesStart();
+                    Instant end = info.timeSeriesEnd();
+
+                    if (currentMergedRange == null) {
+                        currentMergedRange = new Tuple<>(start, end);
+                    } else if (currentMergedRange.v2().compareTo(start) == 0) {
+                        currentMergedRange = new Tuple<>(currentMergedRange.v1(), end);
+                    } else if (currentMergedRange.v2().compareTo(start) < 0) {
+                        mergedRanges.add(currentMergedRange);
+                        currentMergedRange = new Tuple<>(start, end);
                     } else {
                         String message = "previous backing index ["
-                            + previousIndexName
+                            + previous.name()
                             + "] range ["
-                            + current.v1()
+                            + previous.timeSeriesStart()
                             + "/"
-                            + current.v2()
+                            + previous.timeSeriesEnd()
                             + "] range is colliding with current backing ["
-                            + index.getName()
+                            + info.name()
                             + "] index range ["
                             + start
                             + "/"
                             + end
                             + "]";
-                        assert current.v2().compareTo(start) < 0 : message;
-                        LOGGER.warn(message);
+                        assert currentMergedRange.v2().compareTo(start) < 0 : message;
                     }
-                    previousIndexName = index.getName();
+                    previous = info;
                 }
-                if (current != null) {
-                    ranges.add(current);
+                if (currentMergedRange != null) {
+                    mergedRanges.add(currentMergedRange);
                 }
-                timeSeries = new GetDataStreamAction.Response.TimeSeries(ranges);
+                timeSeries = new GetDataStreamAction.Response.TimeSeries(mergedRanges);
             }
 
             dataStreamInfos.add(
diff --git a/modules/data-streams/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportActionTests.java b/modules/data-streams/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportActionTests.java
index f7616482edd10..58ab69d383464 100644
--- a/modules/data-streams/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportActionTests.java
+++ b/modules/data-streams/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/action/GetDataStreamsTransportActionTests.java
@@ -209,6 +209,49 @@ public void testGetTimeSeriesDataStream() {
         );
     }
 
+    public void testGetTimeSeriesDataStreamWithOutOfOrderIndices() {
+        Instant now = Instant.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+        String dataStream = "ds-1";
+        Instant sixHoursAgo = now.minus(6, ChronoUnit.HOURS);
+        Instant fourHoursAgo = now.minus(4, ChronoUnit.HOURS);
+        Instant twoHoursAgo = now.minus(2, ChronoUnit.HOURS);
+        Instant twoHoursAhead = now.plus(2, ChronoUnit.HOURS);
+
+        ClusterState state;
+        {
+            var mBuilder = new Metadata.Builder();
+            DataStreamTestHelper.getClusterStateWithDataStream(
+                mBuilder,
+                dataStream,
+                List.of(
+                    new Tuple<>(fourHoursAgo, twoHoursAgo),
+                    new Tuple<>(sixHoursAgo, fourHoursAgo),
+                    new Tuple<>(twoHoursAgo, twoHoursAhead)
+                )
+            );
+            state = ClusterState.builder(new ClusterName("_name")).metadata(mBuilder).build();
+        }
+
+        var req = new GetDataStreamAction.Request(new String[] {});
+        var response = GetDataStreamsTransportAction.innerOperation(
+            state,
+            req,
+            resolver,
+            systemIndices,
+            ClusterSettings.createBuiltInClusterSettings(),
+            dataStreamGlobalRetentionResolver
+        );
+        assertThat(
+            response.getDataStreams(),
+            contains(
+                allOf(
+                    transformedMatch(d -> d.getDataStream().getName(), equalTo(dataStream)),
+                    transformedMatch(d -> d.getTimeSeries().temporalRanges(), contains(new Tuple<>(sixHoursAgo, twoHoursAhead)))
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
     public void testGetTimeSeriesMixedDataStream() {
         Instant instant = Instant.parse("2023-06-06T14:00:00.000Z").truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
         String dataStream1 = "ds-1";