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sam.5
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sam.5
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'\" t
.TH sam 5 "August 2013" "htslib" "Bioinformatics formats"
.SH NAME
sam \- Sequence Alignment/Map file format
.\"
.\" Copyright (C) 2009, 2013 Genome Research Ltd.
.\"
.\" Author: Heng Li <lh3@sanger.ac.uk>
.\"
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
.\" to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
.\" the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
.\" and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
.\" Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
.\"
.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
.\" all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
.\" THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
.\" LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
.\" FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
.\" DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
.\"
.SH DESCRIPTION
Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is TAB-delimited. Apart from the header lines, which are started
with the `@' symbol, each alignment line consists of:
.TS
nlbl.
1 QNAME Query template/pair NAME
2 FLAG bitwise FLAG
3 RNAME Reference sequence NAME
4 POS 1-based leftmost POSition/coordinate of clipped sequence
5 MAPQ MAPping Quality (Phred-scaled)
6 CIGAR extended CIGAR string
7 MRNM Mate Reference sequence NaMe (`=' if same as RNAME)
8 MPOS 1-based Mate POSistion
9 TLEN inferred Template LENgth (insert size)
10 SEQ query SEQuence on the same strand as the reference
11 QUAL query QUALity (ASCII-33 gives the Phred base quality)
12+ OPT variable OPTional fields in the format TAG:VTYPE:VALUE
.TE
.PP
Each bit in the FLAG field is defined as:
.TS
lcbl.
0x0001 p the read is paired in sequencing
0x0002 P the read is mapped in a proper pair
0x0004 u the query sequence itself is unmapped
0x0008 U the mate is unmapped
0x0010 r strand of the query (1 for reverse)
0x0020 R strand of the mate
0x0040 1 the read is the first read in a pair
0x0080 2 the read is the second read in a pair
0x0100 s the alignment is not primary
0x0200 f the read fails platform/vendor quality checks
0x0400 d the read is either a PCR or an optical duplicate
0x0800 S the alignment is supplementary
.TE
.P
where the second column gives the string representation of the FLAG field.
.SH SEE ALSO
.TP
https://github.com/samtools/hts-specs
The full SAM/BAM file format specification