parameter.ts

import * as iam from '@aws-cdk/aws-iam';
import * as kms from '@aws-cdk/aws-kms';
import * as cxschema from '@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema';
import {
  CfnDynamicReference, CfnDynamicReferenceService, CfnParameter,
  ContextProvider, Fn, IResource, Resource, Stack, Token,
  Tokenization,
} from '@aws-cdk/core';
import { Construct } from 'constructs';
import * as ssm from './ssm.generated';
import { arnForParameterName, AUTOGEN_MARKER } from './util';

/**
 * An SSM Parameter reference.
 */
export interface IParameter extends IResource {
  /**
   * The ARN of the SSM Parameter resource.
   * @attribute
   */
  readonly parameterArn: string;

  /**
   * The name of the SSM Parameter resource.
   * @attribute
   */
  readonly parameterName: string;

  /**
   * The type of the SSM Parameter resource.
   * @attribute
   */
  readonly parameterType: string;

  /**
   * Grants read (DescribeParameter, GetParameter, GetParameterHistory) permissions on the SSM Parameter.
   *
   * @param grantee the role to be granted read-only access to the parameter.
   */
  grantRead(grantee: iam.IGrantable): iam.Grant;

  /**
   * Grants write (PutParameter) permissions on the SSM Parameter.
   *
   * @param grantee the role to be granted write access to the parameter.
   */
  grantWrite(grantee: iam.IGrantable): iam.Grant;
}

/**
 * A String SSM Parameter.
 */
export interface IStringParameter extends IParameter {
  /**
   * The parameter value. Value must not nest another parameter. Do not use {{}} in the value.
   *
   * @attribute Value
   */
  readonly stringValue: string;
}

/**
 * A StringList SSM Parameter.
 */
export interface IStringListParameter extends IParameter {
  /**
   * The parameter value. Value must not nest another parameter. Do not use {{}} in the value. Values in the array
   * cannot contain commas (``,``).
   *
   * @attribute Value
   */
  readonly stringListValue: string[];
}

/**
 * Properties needed to create a new SSM Parameter.
 */
export interface ParameterOptions {
  /**
   * A regular expression used to validate the parameter value. For example, for String types with values restricted to
   * numbers, you can specify the following: ``^\d+$``
   *
   * @default no validation is performed
   */
  readonly allowedPattern?: string;

  /**
   * Information about the parameter that you want to add to the system.
   *
   * @default none
   */
  readonly description?: string;

  /**
   * The name of the parameter.
   *
   * @default - a name will be generated by CloudFormation
   */
  readonly parameterName?: string;

  /**
   * Indicates of the parameter name is a simple name (i.e. does not include "/"
   * separators).
   *
   * This is only required only if `parameterName` is a token, which means we
   * are unable to detect if the name is simple or "path-like" for the purpose
   * of rendering SSM parameter ARNs.
   *
   * If `parameterName` is not specified, `simpleName` must be `true` (or
   * undefined) since the name generated by AWS CloudFormation is always a
   * simple name.
   *
   * @default - auto-detect based on `parameterName`
   */
  readonly simpleName?: boolean;

  /**
   * The tier of the string parameter
   *
   * @default - undefined
   */
  readonly tier?: ParameterTier;
}

/**
 * Properties needed to create a String SSM parameter.
 */
export interface StringParameterProps extends ParameterOptions {
  /**
   * The value of the parameter. It may not reference another parameter and ``{{}}`` cannot be used in the value.
   */
  readonly stringValue: string;

  /**
   * The type of the string parameter
   *
   * @default ParameterType.STRING
   * @deprecated - type will always be 'String'
   */
  readonly type?: ParameterType;

  /**
   * The data type of the parameter, such as `text` or `aws:ec2:image`.
   *
   * @default ParameterDataType.TEXT
   */
  readonly dataType?: ParameterDataType;
}

/**
 * Properties needed to create a StringList SSM Parameter
 */
export interface StringListParameterProps extends ParameterOptions {
  /**
   * The values of the parameter. It may not reference another parameter and ``{{}}`` cannot be used in the value.
   */
  readonly stringListValue: string[];
}

/**
 * Basic features shared across all types of SSM Parameters.
 */
abstract class ParameterBase extends Resource implements IParameter {
  public abstract readonly parameterArn: string;
  public abstract readonly parameterName: string;
  public abstract readonly parameterType: string;

  /**
   * The encryption key that is used to encrypt this parameter.
   *
   * * @default - default master key
   */
  public readonly encryptionKey?: kms.IKey;

  public grantRead(grantee: iam.IGrantable): iam.Grant {
    if (this.encryptionKey) {
      this.encryptionKey.grantDecrypt(grantee);
    }
    return iam.Grant.addToPrincipal({
      grantee,
      actions: [
        'ssm:DescribeParameters',
        'ssm:GetParameters',
        'ssm:GetParameter',
        'ssm:GetParameterHistory',
      ],
      resourceArns: [this.parameterArn],
    });
  }

  public grantWrite(grantee: iam.IGrantable): iam.Grant {
    if (this.encryptionKey) {
      this.encryptionKey.grantEncrypt(grantee);
    }
    return iam.Grant.addToPrincipal({
      grantee,
      actions: ['ssm:PutParameter'],
      resourceArns: [this.parameterArn],
    });
  }
}

/**
 * The type of CFN SSM Parameter
 *
 * Using specific types can be helpful in catching invalid values
 * at the start of creating or updating a stack. CloudFormation validates
 * the values against existing values in the account.
 *
 * @see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/parameters-section-structure.html#aws-ssm-parameter-types
 */
export enum ParameterValueType {
  /**
   * String
   */
  STRING = 'String',

  /**
   * An Availability Zone, such as us-west-2a.
   */
  AWS_EC2_AVAILABILITYZONE_NAME = 'AWS::EC2::AvailabilityZone::Name',

  /**
   * An Amazon EC2 image ID, such as ami-0ff8a91507f77f867.
   */
  AWS_EC2_IMAGE_ID = 'AWS::EC2::Image::Id',

  /**
   * An Amazon EC2 instance ID, such as i-1e731a32.
   */
  AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID = 'AWS::EC2::Instance::Id',

  /**
   * An Amazon EC2 key pair name.
   */
  AWS_EC2_KEYPAIR_KEYNAME = 'AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName',

  /**
   * An EC2-Classic or default VPC security group name, such as my-sg-abc.
   */
  AWS_EC2_SECURITYGROUP_GROUPNAME = 'AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::GroupName',

  /**
   * A security group ID, such as sg-a123fd85.
   */
  AWS_EC2_SECURITYGROUP_ID = 'AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id',

  /**
   * A subnet ID, such as subnet-123a351e.
   */
  AWS_EC2_SUBNET_ID = 'AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id',

  /**
   * An Amazon EBS volume ID, such as vol-3cdd3f56.
   */
  AWS_EC2_VOLUME_ID = 'AWS::EC2::Volume::Id',

  /**
   * A VPC ID, such as vpc-a123baa3.
   */
  AWS_EC2_VPC_ID = 'AWS::EC2::VPC::Id',

  /**
   * An Amazon Route 53 hosted zone ID, such as Z23YXV4OVPL04A.
   */
  AWS_ROUTE53_HOSTEDZONE_ID = 'AWS::Route53::HostedZone::Id',
}

/**
 * SSM parameter type
 * @deprecated these types are no longer used
 */
export enum ParameterType {
  /**
   * String
   */
  STRING = 'String',
  /**
   * Secure String
   *
   * Parameter Store uses an AWS Key Management Service (KMS) customer master key (CMK) to encrypt the parameter value.
   * Parameters of type SecureString cannot be created directly from a CDK application.
   */
  SECURE_STRING = 'SecureString',
  /**
   * String List
   */
  STRING_LIST = 'StringList',
  /**
   * An Amazon EC2 image ID, such as ami-0ff8a91507f77f867
   */
  AWS_EC2_IMAGE_ID = 'AWS::EC2::Image::Id',
}

/**
 * SSM parameter data type
 */
export enum ParameterDataType {
  /**
   * Text
   */
  TEXT = 'text',
  /**
   * Aws Ec2 Image
   */
  AWS_EC2_IMAGE = 'aws:ec2:image',
}

/**
 * SSM parameter tier
 */
export enum ParameterTier {
  /**
   * String
   */
  ADVANCED = 'Advanced',
  /**
   * String
   */
  INTELLIGENT_TIERING = 'Intelligent-Tiering',
  /**
   * String
   */
  STANDARD = 'Standard',
}

/**
 * Common attributes for string parameters.
 */
export interface CommonStringParameterAttributes {
  /**
   * The name of the parameter store value.
   *
   * This value can be a token or a concrete string. If it is a concrete string
   * and includes "/" it must also be prefixed with a "/" (fully-qualified).
   */
  readonly parameterName: string;

  /**
   * Indicates of the parameter name is a simple name (i.e. does not include "/"
   * separators).
   *
   * This is only required only if `parameterName` is a token, which means we
   * are unable to detect if the name is simple or "path-like" for the purpose
   * of rendering SSM parameter ARNs.
   *
   * If `parameterName` is not specified, `simpleName` must be `true` (or
   * undefined) since the name generated by AWS CloudFormation is always a
   * simple name.
   *
   * @default - auto-detect based on `parameterName`
   */
  readonly simpleName?: boolean;
}

/**
 * Attributes for parameters of various types of string.
 *
 * @see ParameterType
 */
export interface StringParameterAttributes extends CommonStringParameterAttributes {
  /**
   * The version number of the value you wish to retrieve.
   *
   * @default The latest version will be retrieved.
   */
  readonly version?: number;

  /**
   * The type of the string parameter
   *
   * @default ParameterType.STRING
   * @deprecated - use valueType instead
   */
  readonly type?: ParameterType;

  /**
   * The type of the string parameter value
   *
   * Using specific types can be helpful in catching invalid values
   * at the start of creating or updating a stack. CloudFormation validates
   * the values against existing values in the account.
   *
   * Note - if you want to allow values from different AWS accounts, use
   * ParameterValueType.STRING
   *
   * @see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/parameters-section-structure.html#aws-ssm-parameter-types
   *
   * @default ParameterValueType.STRING
   */
  readonly valueType?: ParameterValueType;
}

/**
 * Attributes for parameters of string list type.
 *
 * @see ParameterType
 */
export interface ListParameterAttributes extends CommonStringParameterAttributes {
  /**
   * The version number of the value you wish to retrieve.
   *
   * @default The latest version will be retrieved.
   */
  readonly version?: number;

  /**
   * The type of the string list parameter value.
   *
   * Using specific types can be helpful in catching invalid values
   * at the start of creating or updating a stack. CloudFormation validates
   * the values against existing values in the account.
   *
   * Note - if you want to allow values from different AWS accounts, use
   * ParameterValueType.STRING
   *
   * @see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/parameters-section-structure.html#aws-ssm-parameter-types
   *
   * @default ParameterValueType.STRING
   */
  readonly elementType?: ParameterValueType;
}

/**
 * Attributes for secure string parameters.
 */
export interface SecureStringParameterAttributes extends CommonStringParameterAttributes {
  /**
   * The version number of the value you wish to retrieve.
   *
   * @default - AWS CloudFormation uses the latest version of the parameter
   */
  readonly version?: number;

  /**
   * The encryption key that is used to encrypt this parameter
   *
   * @default - default master key
   */
  readonly encryptionKey?: kms.IKey;

}

/**
 * Creates a new String SSM Parameter.
 * @resource AWS::SSM::Parameter
 *
 * @example
 * const ssmParameter = new ssm.StringParameter(this, 'mySsmParameter', {
 *    parameterName: 'mySsmParameter',
 *    stringValue: 'mySsmParameterValue',
 * });
 */
export class StringParameter extends ParameterBase implements IStringParameter {

  /**
   * Imports an external string parameter by name.
   */
  public static fromStringParameterName(scope: Construct, id: string, stringParameterName: string): IStringParameter {
    return this.fromStringParameterAttributes(scope, id, { parameterName: stringParameterName });
  }

  /**
   * Imports an external string parameter with name and optional version.
   */
  public static fromStringParameterAttributes(scope: Construct, id: string, attrs: StringParameterAttributes): IStringParameter {
    if (!attrs.parameterName) {
      throw new Error('parameterName cannot be an empty string');
    }
    if (attrs.type && ![ParameterType.STRING, ParameterType.AWS_EC2_IMAGE_ID].includes(attrs.type)) {
      throw new Error(`fromStringParameterAttributes does not support ${attrs.type}. Please use ParameterType.STRING or ParameterType.AWS_EC2_IMAGE_ID`);
    }

    const type = attrs.type ?? attrs.valueType ?? ParameterValueType.STRING;

    const stringValue = attrs.version
      ? new CfnDynamicReference(CfnDynamicReferenceService.SSM, `${attrs.parameterName}:${Tokenization.stringifyNumber(attrs.version)}`).toString()
      : new CfnParameter(scope, `${id}.Parameter`, { type: `AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<${type}>`, default: attrs.parameterName }).valueAsString;

    class Import extends ParameterBase {
      public readonly parameterName = attrs.parameterName;
      public readonly parameterArn = arnForParameterName(this, attrs.parameterName, { simpleName: attrs.simpleName });
      public readonly parameterType = ParameterType.STRING; // this is the type returned by CFN @see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-ssm-parameter.html#aws-resource-ssm-parameter-return-values
      public readonly stringValue = stringValue;
    }

    return new Import(scope, id);
  }

  /**
   * Imports a secure string parameter from the SSM parameter store.
   */
  public static fromSecureStringParameterAttributes(scope: Construct, id: string, attrs: SecureStringParameterAttributes): IStringParameter {
    const version = attrs.version ? Tokenization.stringifyNumber(attrs.version) : '';
    const stringValue = new CfnDynamicReference(
      CfnDynamicReferenceService.SSM_SECURE,
      version ? `${attrs.parameterName}:${version}` : attrs.parameterName,
    ).toString();

    class Import extends ParameterBase {
      public readonly parameterName = attrs.parameterName;
      public readonly parameterArn = arnForParameterName(this, attrs.parameterName, { simpleName: attrs.simpleName });
      public readonly parameterType = ParameterType.SECURE_STRING;
      public readonly stringValue = stringValue;
      public readonly encryptionKey = attrs.encryptionKey;
    }

    return new Import(scope, id);
  }

  /**
   * Reads the value of an SSM parameter during synthesis through an
   * environmental context provider.
   *
   * Requires that the stack this scope is defined in will have explicit
   * account/region information. Otherwise, it will fail during synthesis.
   */
  public static valueFromLookup(scope: Construct, parameterName: string): string {
    const value = ContextProvider.getValue(scope, {
      provider: cxschema.ContextProvider.SSM_PARAMETER_PROVIDER,
      props: { parameterName },
      dummyValue: `dummy-value-for-${parameterName}`,
    }).value;

    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a token that will resolve (during deployment) to the string value of an SSM string parameter.
   * @param scope Some scope within a stack
   * @param parameterName The name of the SSM parameter.
   * @param version The parameter version (recommended in order to ensure that the value won't change during deployment)
   */
  public static valueForStringParameter(scope: Construct, parameterName: string, version?: number): string {
    return StringParameter.valueForTypedStringParameterV2(scope, parameterName, ParameterValueType.STRING, version);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a token that will resolve (during deployment) to the string value of an SSM string parameter.
   * @param scope Some scope within a stack
   * @param parameterName The name of the SSM parameter.
   * @param type The type of the SSM parameter.
   * @param version The parameter version (recommended in order to ensure that the value won't change during deployment)
   */
  public static valueForTypedStringParameterV2(scope: Construct, parameterName: string, type = ParameterValueType.STRING, version?: number): string {
    const stack = Stack.of(scope);
    const id = makeIdentityForImportedValue(parameterName);
    const exists = stack.node.tryFindChild(id) as IStringParameter;

    if (exists) { return exists.stringValue; }

    return this.fromStringParameterAttributes(stack, id, { parameterName, version, valueType: type }).stringValue;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a token that will resolve (during deployment) to the string value of an SSM string parameter.
   * @param scope Some scope within a stack
   * @param parameterName The name of the SSM parameter.
   * @param type The type of the SSM parameter.
   * @param version The parameter version (recommended in order to ensure that the value won't change during deployment)
   * @deprecated - use valueForTypedStringParameterV2 instead
   */
  public static valueForTypedStringParameter(scope: Construct, parameterName: string, type = ParameterType.STRING, version?: number): string {
    if (type === ParameterType.STRING_LIST) {
      throw new Error('valueForTypedStringParameter does not support STRING_LIST, '
        +'use valueForTypedListParameter instead');
    }
    const stack = Stack.of(scope);
    const id = makeIdentityForImportedValue(parameterName);
    const exists = stack.node.tryFindChild(id) as IStringParameter;

    if (exists) { return exists.stringValue; }

    return this.fromStringParameterAttributes(stack, id, { parameterName, version, type }).stringValue;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a token that will resolve (during deployment)
   * @param scope Some scope within a stack
   * @param parameterName The name of the SSM parameter
   * @param version The parameter version (required for secure strings)
   * @deprecated Use `SecretValue.ssmSecure()` instead, it will correctly type the imported value as a `SecretValue` and allow importing without version.
   */
  public static valueForSecureStringParameter(scope: Construct, parameterName: string, version: number): string {
    const stack = Stack.of(scope);
    const id = makeIdentityForImportedValue(parameterName);
    const exists = stack.node.tryFindChild(id) as IStringParameter;
    if (exists) { return exists.stringValue; }

    return this.fromSecureStringParameterAttributes(stack, id, { parameterName, version }).stringValue;
  }

  public readonly parameterArn: string;
  public readonly parameterName: string;
  public readonly parameterType: string;
  public readonly stringValue: string;

  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props: StringParameterProps) {
    super(scope, id, {
      physicalName: props.parameterName,
    });

    if (props.allowedPattern) {
      _assertValidValue(props.stringValue, props.allowedPattern);
    }

    validateParameterName(this.physicalName);

    if (props.description && props.description?.length > 1024) {
      throw new Error('Description cannot be longer than 1024 characters.');
    }

    if (props.type && props.type === ParameterType.AWS_EC2_IMAGE_ID) {
      throw new Error('The type must either be ParameterType.STRING or ParameterType.STRING_LIST. Did you mean to set dataType: ParameterDataType.AWS_EC2_IMAGE instead?');
    }

    const resource = new ssm.CfnParameter(this, 'Resource', {
      allowedPattern: props.allowedPattern,
      description: props.description,
      name: this.physicalName,
      tier: props.tier,
      type: props.type || ParameterType.STRING,
      dataType: props.dataType,
      value: props.stringValue,
    });

    this.parameterName = this.getResourceNameAttribute(resource.ref);
    this.parameterArn = arnForParameterName(this, this.parameterName, {
      physicalName: props.parameterName || AUTOGEN_MARKER,
      simpleName: props.simpleName,
    });

    this.parameterType = resource.attrType;
    this.stringValue = resource.attrValue;
  }
}

/**
 * Creates a new StringList SSM Parameter.
 * @resource AWS::SSM::Parameter
 */
export class StringListParameter extends ParameterBase implements IStringListParameter {

  /**
   * Imports an external parameter of type string list.
   * Returns a token and should not be parsed.
   */
  public static fromStringListParameterName(scope: Construct, id: string, stringListParameterName: string): IStringListParameter {
    class Import extends ParameterBase {
      public readonly parameterName = stringListParameterName;
      public readonly parameterArn = arnForParameterName(this, this.parameterName);
      public readonly parameterType = ParameterType.STRING_LIST;
      public readonly stringListValue = Fn.split(',', new CfnDynamicReference(CfnDynamicReferenceService.SSM, stringListParameterName).toString());
    }

    return new Import(scope, id);
  }

  /**
   * Imports an external string list parameter with name and optional version.
   */
  public static fromListParameterAttributes(scope: Construct, id: string, attrs: ListParameterAttributes): IStringListParameter {
    if (!attrs.parameterName) {
      throw new Error('parameterName cannot be an empty string');
    }

    const type = attrs.elementType ?? ParameterValueType.STRING;
    const valueType = `List<${type}>`;

    const stringValue = attrs.version
      ? new CfnDynamicReference(CfnDynamicReferenceService.SSM, `${attrs.parameterName}:${Tokenization.stringifyNumber(attrs.version)}`).toStringList()
      : new CfnParameter(scope, `${id}.Parameter`, { type: `AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<${valueType}>`, default: attrs.parameterName }).valueAsList;

    class Import extends ParameterBase {
      public readonly parameterName = attrs.parameterName;
      public readonly parameterArn = arnForParameterName(this, attrs.parameterName, { simpleName: attrs.simpleName });
      public readonly parameterType = valueType; // it doesn't really matter what this is since a CfnParameter can only be `String | StringList`
      public readonly stringListValue = stringValue;
    }

    return new Import(scope, id);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a token that will resolve (during deployment) to the list value of an SSM StringList parameter.
   * @param scope Some scope within a stack
   * @param parameterName The name of the SSM parameter.
   * @param type the type of the SSM list parameter
   * @param version The parameter version (recommended in order to ensure that the value won't change during deployment)
   */
  public static valueForTypedListParameter(scope: Construct, parameterName: string, type = ParameterValueType.STRING, version?: number): string[] {
    const stack = Stack.of(scope);
    const id = makeIdentityForImportedValue(parameterName);
    const exists = stack.node.tryFindChild(id) as IStringListParameter;

    if (exists) { return exists.stringListValue; }

    return this.fromListParameterAttributes(stack, id, { parameterName, elementType: type, version }).stringListValue;
  }


  public readonly parameterArn: string;
  public readonly parameterName: string;
  public readonly parameterType: string;
  public readonly stringListValue: string[];

  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props: StringListParameterProps) {
    super(scope, id, {
      physicalName: props.parameterName,
    });

    if (props.stringListValue.find(str => !Token.isUnresolved(str) && str.indexOf(',') !== -1)) {
      throw new Error('Values of a StringList SSM Parameter cannot contain the \',\' character. Use a string parameter instead.');
    }

    if (props.allowedPattern && !Token.isUnresolved(props.stringListValue)) {
      props.stringListValue.forEach(str => _assertValidValue(str, props.allowedPattern!));
    }

    validateParameterName(this.physicalName);

    if (props.description && props.description?.length > 1024) {
      throw new Error('Description cannot be longer than 1024 characters.');
    }

    const resource = new ssm.CfnParameter(this, 'Resource', {
      allowedPattern: props.allowedPattern,
      description: props.description,
      name: this.physicalName,
      tier: props.tier,
      type: ParameterType.STRING_LIST,
      value: Fn.join(',', props.stringListValue),
    });
    this.parameterName = this.getResourceNameAttribute(resource.ref);
    this.parameterArn = arnForParameterName(this, this.parameterName, {
      physicalName: props.parameterName || AUTOGEN_MARKER,
      simpleName: props.simpleName,
    });

    this.parameterType = resource.attrType;
    this.stringListValue = Fn.split(',', resource.attrValue);
  }
}

/**
 * Validates whether a supplied value conforms to the allowedPattern, granted neither is an unresolved token.
 *
 * @param value          the value to be validated.
 * @param allowedPattern the regular expression to use for validation.
 *
 * @throws if the ``value`` does not conform to the ``allowedPattern`` and neither is an unresolved token (per
 *         ``cdk.unresolved``).
 */
function _assertValidValue(value: string, allowedPattern: string): void {
  if (Token.isUnresolved(value) || Token.isUnresolved(allowedPattern)) {
    // Unable to perform validations against unresolved tokens
    return;
  }
  if (!new RegExp(allowedPattern).test(value)) {
    throw new Error(`The supplied value (${value}) does not match the specified allowedPattern (${allowedPattern})`);
  }
}

function makeIdentityForImportedValue(parameterName: string) {
  return `SsmParameterValue:${parameterName}:C96584B6-F00A-464E-AD19-53AFF4B05118`;
}

function validateParameterName(parameterName: string) {
  if (Token.isUnresolved(parameterName)) { return; }
  if (parameterName.length > 2048) {
    throw new Error('name cannot be longer than 2048 characters.');
  }
  if (!parameterName.match(/^[\/\w.-]+$/)) {
    throw new Error(`name must only contain letters, numbers, and the following 4 symbols .-_/; got ${parameterName}`);
  }
}