MXParser.java

/* -*-             c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-  //------100-columns-wide------>|*/
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Extreme! Lab, Indiana University. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is open source. See the bottom of this file for the licence.
 *
 * $Id$
 */

package org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull;

import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.codehaus.plexus.util.ReaderFactory;
import org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.XmlReader;

//import java.util.Hashtable;

//TODO best handling of interning issues
//   have isAllNewStringInterned ???

//TODO handling surrogate pairs: http://www.unicode.org/unicode/faq/utf_bom.html#6

//TODO review code for use of bufAbsoluteStart when keeping pos between next()/fillBuf()

/**
 * Absolutely minimal implementation of XMLPULL V1 API. Encoding handling done with XmlReader
 *
 * @see org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.XmlReader
 * @author <a href="http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/~aslom/">Aleksander Slominski</a>
 */

public class MXParser
    implements XmlPullParser
{
    // NOTE: no interning of those strings --> by Java leng spec they MUST be already interned
    private final static String XML_URI = "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace";

    private final static String XMLNS_URI = "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/";

    private final static String FEATURE_XML_ROUNDTRIP =
        // "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#xml-roundtrip";
        "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#xml-roundtrip";

    private final static String FEATURE_NAMES_INTERNED = "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#names-interned";

    private final static String PROPERTY_XMLDECL_VERSION =
        "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#xmldecl-version";

    private final static String PROPERTY_XMLDECL_STANDALONE =
        "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#xmldecl-standalone";

    private final static String PROPERTY_XMLDECL_CONTENT =
        "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#xmldecl-content";

    private final static String PROPERTY_LOCATION = "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#location";

    /**
     * Implementation notice: the is instance variable that controls if newString() is interning.
     * <p>
     * <b>NOTE:</b> newStringIntern <b>always</b> returns interned strings and newString MAY return interned String
     * depending on this variable.
     * <p>
     * <b>NOTE:</b> by default in this minimal implementation it is false!
     */
    private boolean allStringsInterned;

    private void resetStringCache()
    {
        // System.out.println("resetStringCache() minimum called");
    }

    private String newString( char[] cbuf, int off, int len )
    {
        return new String( cbuf, off, len );
    }

    private String newStringIntern( char[] cbuf, int off, int len )
    {
        return ( new String( cbuf, off, len ) ).intern();
    }

    private static final boolean TRACE_SIZING = false;

    // NOTE: features are not resetable and typically defaults to false ...
    private boolean processNamespaces;

    private boolean roundtripSupported;

    // global parser state
    private String location;

    private int lineNumber;

    private int columnNumber;

    private boolean seenRoot;

    private boolean reachedEnd;

    private int eventType;

    private boolean emptyElementTag;

    // element stack
    private int depth;

    private char[] elRawName[];

    private int elRawNameEnd[];

    private int elRawNameLine[];

    private String elName[];

    private String elPrefix[];

    private String elUri[];

    // private String elValue[];
    private int elNamespaceCount[];

    private String fileEncoding = null;

    /**
     * Make sure that we have enough space to keep element stack if passed size. It will always create one additional
     * slot then current depth
     */
    private void ensureElementsCapacity()
    {
        final int elStackSize = elName != null ? elName.length : 0;
        if ( ( depth + 1 ) >= elStackSize )
        {
            // we add at least one extra slot ...
            final int newSize = ( depth >= 7 ? 2 * depth : 8 ) + 2; // = lucky 7 + 1 //25
            if ( TRACE_SIZING )
            {
                System.err.println( "TRACE_SIZING elStackSize " + elStackSize + " ==> " + newSize );
            }
            final boolean needsCopying = elStackSize > 0;
            String[] arr = null;
            // resue arr local variable slot
            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( elName, 0, arr, 0, elStackSize );
            elName = arr;
            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( elPrefix, 0, arr, 0, elStackSize );
            elPrefix = arr;
            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( elUri, 0, arr, 0, elStackSize );
            elUri = arr;

            int[] iarr = new int[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
            {
                System.arraycopy( elNamespaceCount, 0, iarr, 0, elStackSize );
            }
            else
            {
                // special initialization
                iarr[0] = 0;
            }
            elNamespaceCount = iarr;

            // TODO: avoid using element raw name ...
            iarr = new int[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
            {
                System.arraycopy( elRawNameEnd, 0, iarr, 0, elStackSize );
            }
            elRawNameEnd = iarr;

            iarr = new int[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
            {
                System.arraycopy( elRawNameLine, 0, iarr, 0, elStackSize );
            }
            elRawNameLine = iarr;

            final char[][] carr = new char[newSize][];
            if ( needsCopying )
            {
                System.arraycopy( elRawName, 0, carr, 0, elStackSize );
            }
            elRawName = carr;
            // arr = new String[newSize];
            // if(needsCopying) System.arraycopy(elLocalName, 0, arr, 0, elStackSize);
            // elLocalName = arr;
            // arr = new String[newSize];
            // if(needsCopying) System.arraycopy(elDefaultNs, 0, arr, 0, elStackSize);
            // elDefaultNs = arr;
            // int[] iarr = new int[newSize];
            // if(needsCopying) System.arraycopy(elNsStackPos, 0, iarr, 0, elStackSize);
            // for (int i = elStackSize; i < iarr.length; i++)
            // {
            // iarr[i] = (i > 0) ? -1 : 0;
            // }
            // elNsStackPos = iarr;
            // assert depth < elName.length;
        }
    }

    // attribute stack
    private int attributeCount;

    private String attributeName[];

    private int attributeNameHash[];

    // private int attributeNameStart[];
    // private int attributeNameEnd[];
    private String attributePrefix[];

    private String attributeUri[];

    private String attributeValue[];
    // private int attributeValueStart[];
    // private int attributeValueEnd[];

    // Make sure that in attributes temporary array is enough space.
    private void ensureAttributesCapacity( int size )
    {
        final int attrPosSize = attributeName != null ? attributeName.length : 0;
        if ( size >= attrPosSize )
        {
            final int newSize = size > 7 ? 2 * size : 8; // = lucky 7 + 1 //25
            if ( TRACE_SIZING )
            {
                System.err.println( "TRACE_SIZING attrPosSize " + attrPosSize + " ==> " + newSize );
            }
            final boolean needsCopying = attrPosSize > 0;
            String[] arr = null;

            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( attributeName, 0, arr, 0, attrPosSize );
            attributeName = arr;

            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( attributePrefix, 0, arr, 0, attrPosSize );
            attributePrefix = arr;

            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( attributeUri, 0, arr, 0, attrPosSize );
            attributeUri = arr;

            arr = new String[newSize];
            if ( needsCopying )
                System.arraycopy( attributeValue, 0, arr, 0, attrPosSize );
            attributeValue = arr;

            if ( !allStringsInterned )
            {
                final int[] iarr = new int[newSize];
                if ( needsCopying )
                    System.arraycopy( attributeNameHash, 0, iarr, 0, attrPosSize );
                attributeNameHash = iarr;
            }

            arr = null;
            // //assert attrUri.length > size
        }
    }

    // namespace stack
    private int namespaceEnd;

    private String namespacePrefix[];

    private int namespacePrefixHash[];

    private String namespaceUri[];

    private void ensureNamespacesCapacity( int size )
    {
        final int namespaceSize = namespacePrefix != null ? namespacePrefix.length : 0;
        if ( size >= namespaceSize )
        {
            final int newSize = size > 7 ? 2 * size : 8; // = lucky 7 + 1 //25
            if ( TRACE_SIZING )
            {
                System.err.println( "TRACE_SIZING namespaceSize " + namespaceSize + " ==> " + newSize );
            }
            final String[] newNamespacePrefix = new String[newSize];
            final String[] newNamespaceUri = new String[newSize];
            if ( namespacePrefix != null )
            {
                System.arraycopy( namespacePrefix, 0, newNamespacePrefix, 0, namespaceEnd );
                System.arraycopy( namespaceUri, 0, newNamespaceUri, 0, namespaceEnd );
            }
            namespacePrefix = newNamespacePrefix;
            namespaceUri = newNamespaceUri;

            if ( !allStringsInterned )
            {
                final int[] newNamespacePrefixHash = new int[newSize];
                if ( namespacePrefixHash != null )
                {
                    System.arraycopy( namespacePrefixHash, 0, newNamespacePrefixHash, 0, namespaceEnd );
                }
                namespacePrefixHash = newNamespacePrefixHash;
            }
            // prefixesSize = newSize;
            // //assert nsPrefixes.length > size && nsPrefixes.length == newSize
        }
    }


     // simplistic implementation of hash function that has <b>constant</b> time to compute - so it also means
     // diminishing hash quality for long strings but for XML parsing it should be good enough ...

    private static final int fastHash( char ch[], int off, int len )
    {
        if ( len == 0 )
            return 0;
        // assert len >0
        int hash = ch[off]; // hash at beginning
        // try {
        hash = ( hash << 7 ) + ch[off + len - 1]; // hash at the end
        // } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
        // aie.printStackTrace(); //should never happen ...
        // throw new RuntimeException("this is violation of pre-condition");
        // }
        if ( len > 16 )
            hash = ( hash << 7 ) + ch[off + ( len / 4 )]; // 1/4 from beginning
        if ( len > 8 )
            hash = ( hash << 7 ) + ch[off + ( len / 2 )]; // 1/2 of string size ...
        // notice that hash is at most done 3 times <<7 so shifted by 21 bits 8 bit value
        // so max result == 29 bits so it is quite just below 31 bits for long (2^32) ...
        // assert hash >= 0;
        return hash;
    }

    // entity replacement stack
    private int entityEnd;

    private String entityName[];

    private char[] entityNameBuf[];

    private String entityReplacement[];

    private char[] entityReplacementBuf[];

    private int entityNameHash[];

    private final EntityReplacementMap replacementMapTemplate;

    private void ensureEntityCapacity()
    {
        final int entitySize = entityReplacementBuf != null ? entityReplacementBuf.length : 0;
        if ( entityEnd >= entitySize )
        {
            final int newSize = entityEnd > 7 ? 2 * entityEnd : 8; // = lucky 7 + 1 //25
            if ( TRACE_SIZING )
            {
                System.err.println( "TRACE_SIZING entitySize " + entitySize + " ==> " + newSize );
            }
            final String[] newEntityName = new String[newSize];
            final char[] newEntityNameBuf[] = new char[newSize][];
            final String[] newEntityReplacement = new String[newSize];
            final char[] newEntityReplacementBuf[] = new char[newSize][];
            if ( entityName != null )
            {
                System.arraycopy( entityName, 0, newEntityName, 0, entityEnd );
                System.arraycopy( entityNameBuf, 0, newEntityNameBuf, 0, entityEnd );
                System.arraycopy( entityReplacement, 0, newEntityReplacement, 0, entityEnd );
                System.arraycopy( entityReplacementBuf, 0, newEntityReplacementBuf, 0, entityEnd );
            }
            entityName = newEntityName;
            entityNameBuf = newEntityNameBuf;
            entityReplacement = newEntityReplacement;
            entityReplacementBuf = newEntityReplacementBuf;

            if ( !allStringsInterned )
            {
                final int[] newEntityNameHash = new int[newSize];
                if ( entityNameHash != null )
                {
                    System.arraycopy( entityNameHash, 0, newEntityNameHash, 0, entityEnd );
                }
                entityNameHash = newEntityNameHash;
            }
        }
    }

    // input buffer management
    private static final int READ_CHUNK_SIZE = 8 * 1024; // max data chars in one read() call

    private Reader reader;

    private String inputEncoding;

    private int bufLoadFactor = 95; // 99%
    // private int bufHardLimit; // only matters when expanding

    private float bufferLoadFactor = bufLoadFactor / 100f;

	private char buf[] = new char[Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() > 1000000L ? READ_CHUNK_SIZE : 256];

	private int bufSoftLimit = (int) ( bufferLoadFactor * buf.length ); // desirable size of buffer

    private boolean preventBufferCompaction;

    private int bufAbsoluteStart; // this is buf

    private int bufStart;

    private int bufEnd;

    private int pos;

    private int posStart;

    private int posEnd;

    private char pc[] = new char[Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() > 1000000L ? READ_CHUNK_SIZE : 64];

    private int pcStart;

    private int pcEnd;

    // parsing state
    // private boolean needsMore;
    // private boolean seenMarkup;
    private boolean usePC;

    private boolean seenStartTag;

    private boolean seenEndTag;

    private boolean pastEndTag;

    private boolean seenAmpersand;

    private boolean seenMarkup;

    private boolean seenDocdecl;

    // transient variable set during each call to next/Token()
    private boolean tokenize;

    private String text;

    private String entityRefName;

    private String xmlDeclVersion;

    private Boolean xmlDeclStandalone;

    private String xmlDeclContent;

    private void reset()
    {
        // System.out.println("reset() called");
        location = null;
        lineNumber = 1;
        columnNumber = 1;
        seenRoot = false;
        reachedEnd = false;
        eventType = START_DOCUMENT;
        emptyElementTag = false;

        depth = 0;

        attributeCount = 0;

        namespaceEnd = 0;

        entityEnd = 0;
        setupFromTemplate();

        reader = null;
        inputEncoding = null;

        preventBufferCompaction = false;
        bufAbsoluteStart = 0;
        bufEnd = bufStart = 0;
        pos = posStart = posEnd = 0;

        pcEnd = pcStart = 0;

        usePC = false;

        seenStartTag = false;
        seenEndTag = false;
        pastEndTag = false;
        seenAmpersand = false;
        seenMarkup = false;
        seenDocdecl = false;

        xmlDeclVersion = null;
        xmlDeclStandalone = null;
        xmlDeclContent = null;

        resetStringCache();
    }

    public MXParser()
    {
        replacementMapTemplate = null;
    }

    public MXParser( EntityReplacementMap entityReplacementMap )
    {
        this.replacementMapTemplate = entityReplacementMap;
    }

    public void setupFromTemplate()
    {
        if ( replacementMapTemplate != null )
        {
            int length = replacementMapTemplate.entityEnd;

            // This is a bit cheeky, since the EntityReplacementMap contains exact-sized arrays,
            // and elements are always added to the array, we can use the array from the template.
            // Kids; dont do this at home.
            entityName = replacementMapTemplate.entityName;
            entityNameBuf = replacementMapTemplate.entityNameBuf;
            entityReplacement = replacementMapTemplate.entityReplacement;
            entityReplacementBuf = replacementMapTemplate.entityReplacementBuf;
            entityNameHash = replacementMapTemplate.entityNameHash;
            entityEnd = length;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Method setFeature
     *
     * @param name a String
     * @param state a boolean
     * @throws XmlPullParserException issue
     */
    @Override
    public void setFeature( String name, boolean state )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( name == null )
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "feature name should not be null" );
        if ( FEATURE_PROCESS_NAMESPACES.equals( name ) )
        {
            if ( eventType != START_DOCUMENT )
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "namespace processing feature can only be changed before parsing",
                                                  this, null );
            processNamespaces = state;
            // } else if(FEATURE_REPORT_NAMESPACE_ATTRIBUTES.equals(name)) {
            // if(type != START_DOCUMENT) throw new XmlPullParserException(
            // "namespace reporting feature can only be changed before parsing", this, null);
            // reportNsAttribs = state;
        }
        else if ( FEATURE_NAMES_INTERNED.equals( name ) )
        {
            if ( state != false )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "interning names in this implementation is not supported" );
            }
        }
        else if ( FEATURE_PROCESS_DOCDECL.equals( name ) )
        {
            if ( state != false )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing DOCDECL is not supported" );
            }
            // } else if(REPORT_DOCDECL.equals(name)) {
            // paramNotifyDoctype = state;
        }
        else if ( FEATURE_XML_ROUNDTRIP.equals( name ) )
        {
            // if(state == false) {
            // throw new XmlPullParserException(
            // "roundtrip feature can not be switched off");
            // }
            roundtripSupported = state;
        }
        else
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "unsupported feature " + name );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unknown properties are <strong>always</strong> returned as false
     */
    @Override
    public boolean getFeature( String name )
    {
        if ( name == null )
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "feature name should not be null" );
        if ( FEATURE_PROCESS_NAMESPACES.equals( name ) )
        {
            return processNamespaces;
            // } else if(FEATURE_REPORT_NAMESPACE_ATTRIBUTES.equals(name)) {
            // return reportNsAttribs;
        }
        else if ( FEATURE_NAMES_INTERNED.equals( name ) )
        {
            return false;
        }
        else if ( FEATURE_PROCESS_DOCDECL.equals( name ) )
        {
            return false;
            // } else if(REPORT_DOCDECL.equals(name)) {
            // return paramNotifyDoctype;
        }
        else if ( FEATURE_XML_ROUNDTRIP.equals( name ) )
        {
            // return true;
            return roundtripSupported;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void setProperty( String name, Object value )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( PROPERTY_LOCATION.equals( name ) )
        {
            location = (String) value;
        }
        else
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "unsupported property: '" + name + "'" );
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getProperty( String name )
    {
        if ( name == null )
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "property name should not be null" );
        if ( PROPERTY_XMLDECL_VERSION.equals( name ) )
        {
            return xmlDeclVersion;
        }
        else if ( PROPERTY_XMLDECL_STANDALONE.equals( name ) )
        {
            return xmlDeclStandalone;
        }
        else if ( PROPERTY_XMLDECL_CONTENT.equals( name ) )
        {
            return xmlDeclContent;
        }
        else if ( PROPERTY_LOCATION.equals( name ) )
        {
            return location;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setInput( Reader in )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        reset();
        reader = in;

        if ( reader instanceof XmlReader ) {
            // encoding already detected
            XmlReader xsr = (XmlReader) reader;
            fileEncoding = xsr.getEncoding();
        }
        else if ( reader instanceof InputStreamReader )
        {
            InputStreamReader isr = (InputStreamReader) reader;
            if ( isr.getEncoding() != null )
            {
                fileEncoding = isr.getEncoding().toUpperCase();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setInput( java.io.InputStream inputStream, String inputEncoding )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( inputStream == null )
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "input stream can not be null" );
        }
        Reader reader;
        try
        {
            if ( inputEncoding != null )
            {
                reader = ReaderFactory.newReader( inputStream, inputEncoding );
            }
            else
            {
                reader = ReaderFactory.newXmlReader( inputStream );
            }
        }
        catch ( UnsupportedEncodingException une )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "could not create reader for encoding " + inputEncoding + " : " + une,
                                              this, une );
        }
        catch ( IOException e )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "could not create reader : " + e, this, e );
        }
        setInput( reader );
        // must be here as reset() was called in setInput() and has set this.inputEncoding to null ...
        this.inputEncoding = inputEncoding;
    }

    @Override
    public String getInputEncoding()
    {
        return inputEncoding;
    }

    @Override
    public void defineEntityReplacementText( String entityName, String replacementText )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        // throw new XmlPullParserException("not allowed");

        if ( !replacementText.startsWith( "&#" ) && this.entityName != null && replacementText.length() > 1 )
        {
            String tmp = replacementText.substring( 1, replacementText.length() - 1 );
            for ( int i = 0; i < this.entityName.length; i++ )
            {
                if ( this.entityName[i] != null && this.entityName[i].equals( tmp ) )
                {
                    replacementText = this.entityReplacement[i];
                }
            }
        }

        // private char[] entityReplacement[];
        ensureEntityCapacity();

        // this is to make sure that if interning works we will take advantage of it ...
        char[] entityNameCharData = entityName.toCharArray();
        this.entityName[entityEnd] = newString( entityNameCharData, 0, entityName.length() );
        entityNameBuf[entityEnd] = entityNameCharData;

        entityReplacement[entityEnd] = replacementText;
        entityReplacementBuf[entityEnd] = replacementText.toCharArray();
        if ( !allStringsInterned )
        {
            entityNameHash[entityEnd] = fastHash( entityNameBuf[entityEnd], 0, entityNameBuf[entityEnd].length );
        }
        ++entityEnd;
        // TODO disallow < or & in entity replacement text (or ]]>???)
        // TOOD keepEntityNormalizedForAttributeValue cached as well ...
    }

    @Override
    public int getNamespaceCount( int depth )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( !processNamespaces || depth == 0 )
        {
            return 0;
        }
        // int maxDepth = eventType == END_TAG ? this.depth + 1 : this.depth;
        // if(depth < 0 || depth > maxDepth) throw new IllegalArgumentException(
        if ( depth < 0 || depth > this.depth )
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "namespace count may be for depth 0.." + this.depth + " not " + depth );
        return elNamespaceCount[depth];
    }

    @Override
    public String getNamespacePrefix( int pos )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {

        // int end = eventType == END_TAG ? elNamespaceCount[ depth + 1 ] : namespaceEnd;
        // if(pos < end) {
        if ( pos < namespaceEnd )
        {
            return namespacePrefix[pos];
        }
        else
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "position " + pos + " exceeded number of available namespaces "
                + namespaceEnd );
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getNamespaceUri( int pos )
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        // int end = eventType == END_TAG ? elNamespaceCount[ depth + 1 ] : namespaceEnd;
        // if(pos < end) {
        if ( pos < namespaceEnd )
        {
            return namespaceUri[pos];
        }
        else
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "position " + pos + " exceeded number of available namespaces "
                + namespaceEnd );
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getNamespace( String prefix )
    // throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        // int count = namespaceCount[ depth ];
        if ( prefix != null )
        {
            for ( int i = namespaceEnd - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
            {
                if ( prefix.equals( namespacePrefix[i] ) )
                {
                    return namespaceUri[i];
                }
            }
            if ( "xml".equals( prefix ) )
            {
                return XML_URI;
            }
            else if ( "xmlns".equals( prefix ) )
            {
                return XMLNS_URI;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for ( int i = namespaceEnd - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
            {
                if ( namespacePrefix[i] == null )
                { // "") { //null ) { //TODO check FIXME Alek
                    return namespaceUri[i];
                }
            }

        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int getDepth()
    {
        return depth;
    }

    private static int findFragment( int bufMinPos, char[] b, int start, int end )
    {
        // System.err.println("bufStart="+bufStart+" b="+printable(new String(b, start, end - start))+" start="+start+"
        // end="+end);
        if ( start < bufMinPos )
        {
            start = bufMinPos;
            if ( start > end )
                start = end;
            return start;
        }
        if ( end - start > 65 )
        {
            start = end - 10; // try to find good location
        }
        int i = start + 1;
        while ( --i > bufMinPos )
        {
            if ( ( end - i ) > 65 )
                break;
            final char c = b[i];
            if ( c == '<' && ( start - i ) > 10 )
                break;
        }
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * Return string describing current position of parsers as text 'STATE [seen %s...] @line:column'.
     */
    @Override
    public String getPositionDescription()
    {
        String fragment = null;
        if ( posStart <= pos )
        {
            final int start = findFragment( 0, buf, posStart, pos );
            // System.err.println("start="+start);
            if ( start < pos )
            {
                fragment = new String( buf, start, pos - start );
            }
            if ( bufAbsoluteStart > 0 || start > 0 )
                fragment = "..." + fragment;
        }
        // return " at line "+tokenizerPosRow
        // +" and column "+(tokenizerPosCol-1)
        // +(fragment != null ? " seen "+printable(fragment)+"..." : "");
        return " " + TYPES[eventType] + ( fragment != null ? " seen " + printable( fragment ) + "..." : "" ) + " "
            + ( location != null ? location : "" ) + "@" + getLineNumber() + ":" + getColumnNumber();
    }

    @Override
    public int getLineNumber()
    {
        return lineNumber;
    }

    @Override
    public int getColumnNumber()
    {
        return columnNumber;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isWhitespace()
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( eventType == TEXT || eventType == CDSECT )
        {
            if ( usePC )
            {
                for ( int i = pcStart; i < pcEnd; i++ )
                {
                    if ( !isS( pc[i] ) )
                        return false;
                }
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                for ( int i = posStart; i < posEnd; i++ )
                {
                    if ( !isS( buf[i] ) )
                        return false;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        else if ( eventType == IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE )
        {
            return true;
        }
        throw new XmlPullParserException( "no content available to check for whitespaces" );
    }

    @Override
    public String getText()
    {
        if ( eventType == START_DOCUMENT || eventType == END_DOCUMENT )
        {
            // throw new XmlPullParserException("no content available to read");
            // if(roundtripSupported) {
            // text = new String(buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart);
            // } else {
            return null;
            // }
        }
        else if ( eventType == ENTITY_REF )
        {
            return text;
        }
        if ( text == null )
        {
            if ( !usePC || eventType == START_TAG || eventType == END_TAG )
            {
                text = new String( buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart );
            }
            else
            {
                text = new String( pc, pcStart, pcEnd - pcStart );
            }
        }
        return text;
    }

    @Override
    public char[] getTextCharacters( int[] holderForStartAndLength )
    {
        if ( eventType == TEXT )
        {
            if ( usePC )
            {
                holderForStartAndLength[0] = pcStart;
                holderForStartAndLength[1] = pcEnd - pcStart;
                return pc;
            }
            else
            {
                holderForStartAndLength[0] = posStart;
                holderForStartAndLength[1] = posEnd - posStart;
                return buf;

            }
        }
        else if ( eventType == START_TAG || eventType == END_TAG || eventType == CDSECT || eventType == COMMENT
            || eventType == ENTITY_REF || eventType == PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION || eventType == IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE
            || eventType == DOCDECL )
        {
            holderForStartAndLength[0] = posStart;
            holderForStartAndLength[1] = posEnd - posStart;
            return buf;
        }
        else if ( eventType == START_DOCUMENT || eventType == END_DOCUMENT )
        {
            // throw new XmlPullParserException("no content available to read");
            holderForStartAndLength[0] = holderForStartAndLength[1] = -1;
            return null;
        }
        else
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "unknown text eventType: " + eventType );
        }
        // String s = getText();
        // char[] cb = null;
        // if(s!= null) {
        // cb = s.toCharArray();
        // holderForStartAndLength[0] = 0;
        // holderForStartAndLength[1] = s.length();
        // } else {
        // }
        // return cb;
    }

    @Override
    public String getNamespace()
    {
        if ( eventType == START_TAG )
        {
            // return processNamespaces ? elUri[ depth - 1 ] : NO_NAMESPACE;
            return processNamespaces ? elUri[depth] : NO_NAMESPACE;
        }
        else if ( eventType == END_TAG )
        {
            return processNamespaces ? elUri[depth] : NO_NAMESPACE;
        }
        return null;
        // String prefix = elPrefix[ maxDepth ];
        // if(prefix != null) {
        // for( int i = namespaceEnd -1; i >= 0; i--) {
        // if( prefix.equals( namespacePrefix[ i ] ) ) {
        // return namespaceUri[ i ];
        // }
        // }
        // } else {
        // for( int i = namespaceEnd -1; i >= 0; i--) {
        // if( namespacePrefix[ i ] == null ) {
        // return namespaceUri[ i ];
        // }
        // }
        //
        // }
        // return "";
    }

    @Override
    public String getName()
    {
        if ( eventType == START_TAG )
        {
            // return elName[ depth - 1 ] ;
            return elName[depth];
        }
        else if ( eventType == END_TAG )
        {
            return elName[depth];
        }
        else if ( eventType == ENTITY_REF )
        {
            if ( entityRefName == null )
            {
                entityRefName = newString( buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart );
            }
            return entityRefName;
        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getPrefix()
    {
        if ( eventType == START_TAG )
        {
            // return elPrefix[ depth - 1 ] ;
            return elPrefix[depth];
        }
        else if ( eventType == END_TAG )
        {
            return elPrefix[depth];
        }
        return null;
        // if(eventType != START_TAG && eventType != END_TAG) return null;
        // int maxDepth = eventType == END_TAG ? depth : depth - 1;
        // return elPrefix[ maxDepth ];
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmptyElementTag()
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "parser must be on START_TAG to check for empty element", this, null );
        return emptyElementTag;
    }

    @Override
    public int getAttributeCount()
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            return -1;
        return attributeCount;
    }

    @Override
    public String getAttributeNamespace( int index )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" );
        if ( !processNamespaces )
            return NO_NAMESPACE;
        if ( index < 0 || index >= attributeCount )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "attribute position must be 0.." + ( attributeCount - 1 ) + " and not "
                + index );
        return attributeUri[index];
    }

    @Override
    public String getAttributeName( int index )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" );
        if ( index < 0 || index >= attributeCount )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "attribute position must be 0.." + ( attributeCount - 1 ) + " and not "
                + index );
        return attributeName[index];
    }

    @Override
    public String getAttributePrefix( int index )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" );
        if ( !processNamespaces )
            return null;
        if ( index < 0 || index >= attributeCount )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "attribute position must be 0.." + ( attributeCount - 1 ) + " and not "
                + index );
        return attributePrefix[index];
    }

    @Override
    public String getAttributeType( int index )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" );
        if ( index < 0 || index >= attributeCount )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "attribute position must be 0.." + ( attributeCount - 1 ) + " and not "
                + index );
        return "CDATA";
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAttributeDefault( int index )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" );
        if ( index < 0 || index >= attributeCount )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "attribute position must be 0.." + ( attributeCount - 1 ) + " and not "
                + index );
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String getAttributeValue( int index )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" );
        if ( index < 0 || index >= attributeCount )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "attribute position must be 0.." + ( attributeCount - 1 ) + " and not "
                + index );
        return attributeValue[index];
    }

    @Override
    public String getAttributeValue( String namespace, String name )
    {
        if ( eventType != START_TAG )
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "only START_TAG can have attributes" + getPositionDescription() );
        if ( name == null )
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "attribute name can not be null" );
        }
        // TODO make check if namespace is interned!!! etc. for names!!!
        if ( processNamespaces )
        {
            if ( namespace == null )
            {
                namespace = "";
            }

            for ( int i = 0; i < attributeCount; ++i )
            {
                if ( ( namespace == attributeUri[i] || namespace.equals( attributeUri[i] ) )
                    // (namespace != null && namespace.equals(attributeUri[ i ]))
                    // taking advantage of String.intern()
                    && name.equals( attributeName[i] ) )
                {
                    return attributeValue[i];
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if ( namespace != null && namespace.length() == 0 )
            {
                namespace = null;
            }
            if ( namespace != null )
                throw new IllegalArgumentException( "when namespaces processing is disabled attribute namespace must be null" );
            for ( int i = 0; i < attributeCount; ++i )
            {
                if ( name.equals( attributeName[i] ) )
                {
                    return attributeValue[i];
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int getEventType()
        throws XmlPullParserException
    {
        return eventType;
    }

    @Override
    public void require( int type, String namespace, String name )
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        if ( !processNamespaces && namespace != null )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing namespaces must be enabled on parser (or factory)"
                + " to have possible namespaces declared on elements" + ( " (position:" + getPositionDescription() )
                + ")" );
        }
        if ( type != getEventType() || ( namespace != null && !namespace.equals( getNamespace() ) )
            || ( name != null && !name.equals( getName() ) ) )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected event " + TYPES[type]
                + ( name != null ? " with name '" + name + "'" : "" )
                + ( namespace != null && name != null ? " and" : "" )
                + ( namespace != null ? " with namespace '" + namespace + "'" : "" ) + " but got"
                + ( type != getEventType() ? " " + TYPES[getEventType()] : "" )
                + ( name != null && getName() != null && !name.equals( getName() ) ? " name '" + getName() + "'" : "" )
                + ( namespace != null && name != null && getName() != null && !name.equals( getName() )
                    && getNamespace() != null && !namespace.equals( getNamespace() ) ? " and" : "" )
                + ( namespace != null && getNamespace() != null && !namespace.equals( getNamespace() )
                                ? " namespace '" + getNamespace() + "'"
                                : "" )
                + ( " (position:" + getPositionDescription() ) + ")" );
        }
    }

    /**
     * <p>Skip sub tree that is currently parser positioned on.</p>
     * NOTE: parser must be on START_TAG and when function returns parser will be positioned on corresponding END_TAG
     * @throws XmlPullParserException issue
     * @throws IOException io
     */
    public void skipSubTree()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        require( START_TAG, null, null );
        int level = 1;
        while ( level > 0 )
        {
            int eventType = next();
            if ( eventType == END_TAG )
            {
                --level;
            }
            else if ( eventType == START_TAG )
            {
                ++level;
            }
        }
    }

    // public String readText() throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    // {
    // if (getEventType() != TEXT) return "";
    // String result = getText();
    // next();
    // return result;
    // }

    @Override
    public String nextText()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // String result = null;
        // boolean onStartTag = false;
        // if(eventType == START_TAG) {
        // onStartTag = true;
        // next();
        // }
        // if(eventType == TEXT) {
        // result = getText();
        // next();
        // } else if(onStartTag && eventType == END_TAG) {
        // result = "";
        // } else {
        // throw new XmlPullParserException(
        // "parser must be on START_TAG or TEXT to read text", this, null);
        // }
        // if(eventType != END_TAG) {
        // throw new XmlPullParserException(
        // "event TEXT it must be immediately followed by END_TAG", this, null);
        // }
        // return result;
        if ( getEventType() != START_TAG )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "parser must be on START_TAG to read next text", this, null );
        }
        int eventType = next();
        if ( eventType == TEXT )
        {
            final String result = getText();
            eventType = next();
            if ( eventType != END_TAG )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "TEXT must be immediately followed by END_TAG and not "
                    + TYPES[getEventType()], this, null );
            }
            return result;
        }
        else if ( eventType == END_TAG )
        {
            return "";
        }
        else
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "parser must be on START_TAG or TEXT to read text", this, null );
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int nextTag()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        next();
        if ( eventType == TEXT && isWhitespace() )
        { // skip whitespace
            next();
        }
        if ( eventType != START_TAG && eventType != END_TAG )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected START_TAG or END_TAG not " + TYPES[getEventType()], this,
                                              null );
        }
        return eventType;
    }

    @Override
    public int next()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        tokenize = false;
        return nextImpl();
    }

    @Override
    public int nextToken()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        tokenize = true;
        return nextImpl();
    }

    private int nextImpl()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        text = null;
        pcEnd = pcStart = 0;
        usePC = false;
        bufStart = posEnd;
        if ( pastEndTag )
        {
            pastEndTag = false;
            --depth;
            namespaceEnd = elNamespaceCount[depth]; // less namespaces available
        }
        if ( emptyElementTag )
        {
            emptyElementTag = false;
            pastEndTag = true;
            return eventType = END_TAG;
        }

        // [1] document ::= prolog element Misc*
        if ( depth > 0 )
        {

            if ( seenStartTag )
            {
                seenStartTag = false;
                return eventType = parseStartTag();
            }
            if ( seenEndTag )
            {
                seenEndTag = false;
                return eventType = parseEndTag();
            }

            // ASSUMPTION: we are _on_ first character of content or markup!!!!
            // [43] content ::= CharData? ((element | Reference | CDSect | PI | Comment) CharData?)*
            char ch;
            if ( seenMarkup )
            { // we have read ahead ...
                seenMarkup = false;
                ch = '<';
            }
            else if ( seenAmpersand )
            {
                seenAmpersand = false;
                ch = '&';
            }
            else
            {
                ch = more();
            }
            posStart = pos - 1; // VERY IMPORTANT: this is correct start of event!!!

            // when true there is some potential event TEXT to return - keep gathering
            boolean hadCharData = false;

            // when true TEXT data is not continuous (like <![CDATA[text]]>) and requires PC merging
            boolean needsMerging = false;

            MAIN_LOOP: while ( true )
            {
                // work on MARKUP
                if ( ch == '<' )
                {
                    if ( hadCharData )
                    {
                        // posEnd = pos - 1;
                        if ( tokenize )
                        {
                            seenMarkup = true;
                            return eventType = TEXT;
                        }
                    }
                    ch = more();
                    if ( ch == '/' )
                    {
                        if ( !tokenize && hadCharData )
                        {
                            seenEndTag = true;
                            // posEnd = pos - 2;
                            return eventType = TEXT;
                        }
                        return eventType = parseEndTag();
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '!' )
                    {
                        ch = more();
                        if ( ch == '-' )
                        {
                            // note: if(tokenize == false) posStart/End is NOT changed!!!!
                            parseComment();
                            if ( tokenize )
                                return eventType = COMMENT;
                            if ( !usePC && hadCharData )
                            {
                                needsMerging = true;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                posStart = pos; // completely ignore comment
                            }
                        }
                        else if ( ch == '[' )
                        {
                            // posEnd = pos - 3;
                            // must remember previous posStart/End as it merges with content of CDATA
                            // int oldStart = posStart + bufAbsoluteStart;
                            // int oldEnd = posEnd + bufAbsoluteStart;
                            parseCDSect( hadCharData );
                            if ( tokenize )
                                return eventType = CDSECT;
                            final int cdStart = posStart;
                            final int cdEnd = posEnd;
                            final int cdLen = cdEnd - cdStart;

                            if ( cdLen > 0 )
                            { // was there anything inside CDATA section?
                                hadCharData = true;
                                if ( !usePC )
                                {
                                    needsMerging = true;
                                }
                            }

                            // posStart = oldStart;
                            // posEnd = oldEnd;
                            // if(cdLen > 0) { // was there anything inside CDATA section?
                            // if(hadCharData) {
                            // // do merging if there was anything in CDSect!!!!
                            // // if(!usePC) {
                            // // // posEnd is correct already!!!
                            // // if(posEnd > posStart) {
                            // // joinPC();
                            // // } else {
                            // // usePC = true;
                            // // pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                            // // }
                            // // }
                            // // if(pcEnd + cdLen >= pc.length) ensurePC(pcEnd + cdLen);
                            // // // copy [cdStart..cdEnd) into PC
                            // // System.arraycopy(buf, cdStart, pc, pcEnd, cdLen);
                            // // pcEnd += cdLen;
                            // if(!usePC) {
                            // needsMerging = true;
                            // posStart = cdStart;
                            // posEnd = cdEnd;
                            // }
                            // } else {
                            // if(!usePC) {
                            // needsMerging = true;
                            // posStart = cdStart;
                            // posEnd = cdEnd;
                            // hadCharData = true;
                            // }
                            // }
                            // //hadCharData = true;
                            // } else {
                            // if( !usePC && hadCharData ) {
                            // needsMerging = true;
                            // }
                            // }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "unexpected character in markup " + printable( ch ), this,
                                                              null );
                        }
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '?' )
                    {
                        parsePI();
                        if ( tokenize )
                            return eventType = PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION;
                        if ( !usePC && hadCharData )
                        {
                            needsMerging = true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            posStart = pos; // completely ignore PI
                        }

                    }
                    else if ( isNameStartChar( ch ) )
                    {
                        if ( !tokenize && hadCharData )
                        {
                            seenStartTag = true;
                            // posEnd = pos - 2;
                            return eventType = TEXT;
                        }
                        return eventType = parseStartTag();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "unexpected character in markup " + printable( ch ), this,
                                                          null );
                    }
                    // do content compaction if it makes sense!!!!

                }
                else if ( ch == '&' )
                {
                    // work on ENTITY
                    // posEnd = pos - 1;
                    if ( tokenize && hadCharData )
                    {
                        seenAmpersand = true;
                        return eventType = TEXT;
                    }
                    final int oldStart = posStart + bufAbsoluteStart;
                    final int oldEnd = posEnd + bufAbsoluteStart;
                    parseEntityRef();
                    if ( tokenize )
                        return eventType = ENTITY_REF;
                    // check if replacement text can be resolved !!!
                    if ( resolvedEntityRefCharBuf == BUF_NOT_RESOLVED )
                    {
                        if ( entityRefName == null )
                        {
                            entityRefName = newString( buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart );
                        }
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "could not resolve entity named '"
                            + printable( entityRefName ) + "'", this, null );
                    }
                    // int entStart = posStart;
                    // int entEnd = posEnd;
                    posStart = oldStart - bufAbsoluteStart;
                    posEnd = oldEnd - bufAbsoluteStart;
                    if ( !usePC )
                    {
                        if ( hadCharData )
                        {
                            joinPC(); // posEnd is already set correctly!!!
                            needsMerging = false;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            usePC = true;
                            pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                        }
                    }
                    // assert usePC == true;
                    // write into PC replacement text - do merge for replacement text!!!!
                    for ( char aResolvedEntity : resolvedEntityRefCharBuf )
                    {
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                        {
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        }
                        pc[pcEnd++] = aResolvedEntity;

                    }
                    hadCharData = true;
                    // assert needsMerging == false;
                }
                else
                {

                    if ( needsMerging )
                    {
                        // assert usePC == false;
                        joinPC(); // posEnd is already set correctly!!!
                        // posStart = pos - 1;
                        needsMerging = false;
                    }

                    // no MARKUP not ENTITIES so work on character data ...

                    // [14] CharData ::= [^<&]* - ([^<&]* ']]>' [^<&]*)

                    hadCharData = true;

                    boolean normalizedCR = false;
                    final boolean normalizeInput = !tokenize || !roundtripSupported;
                    // use loop locality here!!!!
                    boolean seenBracket = false;
                    boolean seenBracketBracket = false;
                    do
                    {

                        // check that ]]> does not show in
                        if ( ch == ']' )
                        {
                            if ( seenBracket )
                            {
                                seenBracketBracket = true;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                seenBracket = true;
                            }
                        }
                        else if ( seenBracketBracket && ch == '>' )
                        {
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "characters ]]> are not allowed in content", this, null );
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if ( seenBracket )
                            {
                                seenBracketBracket = seenBracket = false;
                            }
                            // assert seenTwoBrackets == seenBracket == false;
                        }
                        if ( normalizeInput )
                        {
                            // deal with normalization issues ...
                            if ( ch == '\r' )
                            {
                                normalizedCR = true;
                                posEnd = pos - 1;
                                // posEnd is already set
                                if ( !usePC )
                                {
                                    if ( posEnd > posStart )
                                    {
                                        joinPC();
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        usePC = true;
                                        pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                                    }
                                }
                                // assert usePC == true;
                                if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                    ensurePC( pcEnd );
                                pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                            }
                            else if ( ch == '\n' )
                            {
                                // if(!usePC) { joinPC(); } else { if(pcEnd >= pc.length) ensurePC(); }
                                if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                                {
                                    if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                        ensurePC( pcEnd );
                                    pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                                }
                                normalizedCR = false;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                if ( usePC )
                                {
                                    if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                        ensurePC( pcEnd );
                                    pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                                }
                                normalizedCR = false;
                            }
                        }

                        ch = more();
                    }
                    while ( ch != '<' && ch != '&' );
                    posEnd = pos - 1;
                    continue MAIN_LOOP; // skip ch = more() from below - we are already ahead ...
                }
                ch = more();
            } // endless while(true)
        }
        else
        {
            if ( seenRoot )
            {
                return parseEpilog();
            }
            else
            {
                return parseProlog();
            }
        }
    }

    private int parseProlog()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // [2] prolog: ::= XMLDecl? Misc* (doctypedecl Misc*)? and look for [39] element

        char ch;
        if ( seenMarkup )
        {
            ch = buf[pos - 1];
        }
        else
        {
            ch = more();
        }

        if ( eventType == START_DOCUMENT )
        {
            // bootstrap parsing with getting first character input!
            // deal with BOM
            // detect BOM and crop it (Unicode int Order Mark)
            if ( ch == '\uFFFE' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "first character in input was UNICODE noncharacter (0xFFFE)"
                    + "- input requires int swapping", this, null );
            }
            if ( ch == '\uFEFF' )
            {
                // skipping UNICODE int Order Mark (so called BOM)
                ch = more();
            }
            else if ( ch == '\uFFFD' )
            {
                // UTF-16 BOM in an UTF-8 encoded file?
                // This is a hack...not the best way to check for BOM in UTF-16
                ch = more();
                if ( ch == '\uFFFD' )
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "UTF-16 BOM in a UTF-8 encoded file is incompatible", this,
                                                      null );
                }
            }
        }
        seenMarkup = false;
        boolean gotS = false;
        posStart = pos - 1;
        final boolean normalizeIgnorableWS = tokenize && !roundtripSupported;
        boolean normalizedCR = false;
        while ( true )
        {
            // deal with Misc
            // [27] Misc ::= Comment | PI | S
            // deal with docdecl --> mark it!
            // else parseStartTag seen <[^/]
            if ( ch == '<' )
            {
                if ( gotS && tokenize )
                {
                    posEnd = pos - 1;
                    seenMarkup = true;
                    return eventType = IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE;
                }
                ch = more();
                if ( ch == '?' )
                {
                    // check if it is 'xml'
                    // deal with XMLDecl
                    boolean isXMLDecl = parsePI();
                    if ( tokenize )
                    {
                        if ( isXMLDecl )
                        {
                            return eventType = START_DOCUMENT;
                        }
                        return eventType = PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION;
                    }
                }
                else if ( ch == '!' )
                {
                    ch = more();
                    if ( ch == 'D' )
                    {
                        if ( seenDocdecl )
                        {
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "only one docdecl allowed in XML document", this, null );
                        }
                        seenDocdecl = true;
                        parseDocdecl();
                        if ( tokenize )
                            return eventType = DOCDECL;
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '-' )
                    {
                        parseComment();
                        if ( tokenize )
                            return eventType = COMMENT;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "unexpected markup <!" + printable( ch ), this, null );
                    }
                }
                else if ( ch == '/' )
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected start tag name and not " + printable( ch ), this,
                                                      null );
                }
                else if ( isNameStartChar( ch ) )
                {
                    seenRoot = true;
                    return parseStartTag();
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected start tag name and not " + printable( ch ), this,
                                                      null );
                }
            }
            else if ( isS( ch ) )
            {
                gotS = true;
                if ( normalizeIgnorableWS )
                {
                    if ( ch == '\r' )
                    {
                        normalizedCR = true;
                        // posEnd = pos -1;
                        // joinPC();
                        // posEnd is already set
                        if ( !usePC )
                        {
                            posEnd = pos - 1;
                            if ( posEnd > posStart )
                            {
                                joinPC();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                usePC = true;
                                pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        // assert usePC == true;
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '\n' )
                    {
                        if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if ( usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "only whitespace content allowed before start tag and not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
        }
    }

    private int parseEpilog()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        if ( eventType == END_DOCUMENT )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "already reached end of XML input", this, null );
        }
        if ( reachedEnd )
        {
            return eventType = END_DOCUMENT;
        }
        boolean gotS = false;
        final boolean normalizeIgnorableWS = tokenize && !roundtripSupported;
        boolean normalizedCR = false;
        try
        {
            // epilog: Misc*
            char ch;
            if ( seenMarkup )
            {
                ch = buf[pos - 1];
            }
            else
            {
                ch = more();
            }
            seenMarkup = false;
            posStart = pos - 1;
            if ( !reachedEnd )
            {
                while ( true )
                {
                    // deal with Misc
                    // [27] Misc ::= Comment | PI | S
                    if ( ch == '<' )
                    {
                        if ( gotS && tokenize )
                        {
                            posEnd = pos - 1;
                            seenMarkup = true;
                            return eventType = IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE;
                        }
                        ch = more();
                        if ( reachedEnd )
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        if ( ch == '?' )
                        {
                            // check if it is 'xml'
                            // deal with XMLDecl
                            parsePI();
                            if ( tokenize )
                                return eventType = PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION;

                        }
                        else if ( ch == '!' )
                        {
                            ch = more();
                            if ( reachedEnd )
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                            if ( ch == 'D' )
                            {
                                parseDocdecl(); // FIXME
                                if ( tokenize )
                                    return eventType = DOCDECL;
                            }
                            else if ( ch == '-' )
                            {
                                parseComment();
                                if ( tokenize )
                                    return eventType = COMMENT;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                throw new XmlPullParserException( "unexpected markup <!" + printable( ch ), this,
                                                                  null );
                            }
                        }
                        else if ( ch == '/' )
                        {
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "end tag not allowed in epilog but got "
                                + printable( ch ), this, null );
                        }
                        else if ( isNameStartChar( ch ) )
                        {
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "start tag not allowed in epilog but got "
                                + printable( ch ), this, null );
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "in epilog expected ignorable content and not "
                                + printable( ch ), this, null );
                        }
                    }
                    else if ( isS( ch ) )
                    {
                        gotS = true;
                        if ( normalizeIgnorableWS )
                        {
                            if ( ch == '\r' )
                            {
                                normalizedCR = true;
                                // posEnd = pos -1;
                                // joinPC();
                                // posEnd is already set
                                if ( !usePC )
                                {
                                    posEnd = pos - 1;
                                    if ( posEnd > posStart )
                                    {
                                        joinPC();
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        usePC = true;
                                        pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                                    }
                                }
                                // assert usePC == true;
                                if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                    ensurePC( pcEnd );
                                pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                            }
                            else if ( ch == '\n' )
                            {
                                if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                                {
                                    if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                        ensurePC( pcEnd );
                                    pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                                }
                                normalizedCR = false;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                if ( usePC )
                                {
                                    if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                        ensurePC( pcEnd );
                                    pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                                }
                                normalizedCR = false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "in epilog non whitespace content is not allowed but got "
                            + printable( ch ), this, null );
                    }
                    ch = more();
                    if ( reachedEnd )
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                }
            }

            // throw Exception("unexpected content in epilog
            // catch EOFException return END_DOCUMENT
            // try {
        }
        catch ( EOFException ex )
        {
            reachedEnd = true;
        }
        if ( tokenize && gotS )
        {
            posEnd = pos; // well - this is LAST available character pos
            return eventType = IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE;
        }
        return eventType = END_DOCUMENT;
    }

    public int parseEndTag()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // ASSUMPTION ch is past "</"
        // [42] ETag ::= '</' Name S? '>'
        char ch = more();
        if ( !isNameStartChar( ch ) )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected name start and not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
        }
        posStart = pos - 3;
        final int nameStart = pos - 1 + bufAbsoluteStart;
        do
        {
            ch = more();
        }
        while ( isNameChar( ch ) );

        // now we go one level down -- do checks
        // --depth; //FIXME

        // check that end tag name is the same as start tag
        // String name = new String(buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart,
        // (pos - 1) - (nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart));
        // int last = pos - 1;
        int off = nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart;
        // final int len = last - off;
        final int len = ( pos - 1 ) - off;
        final char[] cbuf = elRawName[depth];
        if ( elRawNameEnd[depth] != len )
        {
            // construct strings for exception
            final String startname = new String( cbuf, 0, elRawNameEnd[depth] );
            final String endname = new String( buf, off, len );
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "end tag name </" + endname + "> must match start tag name <" + startname
                + ">" + " from line " + elRawNameLine[depth], this, null );
        }
        for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++ )
        {
            if ( buf[off++] != cbuf[i] )
            {
                // construct strings for exception
                final String startname = new String( cbuf, 0, len );
                final String endname = new String( buf, off - i - 1, len );
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "end tag name </" + endname + "> must be the same as start tag <"
                    + startname + ">" + " from line " + elRawNameLine[depth], this, null );
            }
        }

        while ( isS( ch ) )
        {
            ch = more();
        } // skip additional white spaces
        if ( ch != '>' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected > to finsh end tag not " + printable( ch ) + " from line "
                + elRawNameLine[depth], this, null );
        }

        // namespaceEnd = elNamespaceCount[ depth ]; //FIXME

        posEnd = pos;
        pastEndTag = true;
        return eventType = END_TAG;
    }

    public int parseStartTag()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // ASSUMPTION ch is past <T
        // [40] STag ::= '<' Name (S Attribute)* S? '>'
        // [44] EmptyElemTag ::= '<' Name (S Attribute)* S? '/>'
        ++depth; // FIXME

        posStart = pos - 2;

        emptyElementTag = false;
        attributeCount = 0;
        // retrieve name
        final int nameStart = pos - 1 + bufAbsoluteStart;
        int colonPos = -1;
        char ch = buf[pos - 1];
        if ( ch == ':' && processNamespaces )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "when namespaces processing enabled colon can not be at element name start",
                                              this, null );
        while ( true )
        {
            ch = more();
            if ( !isNameChar( ch ) )
                break;
            if ( ch == ':' && processNamespaces )
            {
                if ( colonPos != -1 )
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "only one colon is allowed in name of element when namespaces are enabled",
                                                      this, null );
                colonPos = pos - 1 + bufAbsoluteStart;
            }
        }

        // retrieve name
        ensureElementsCapacity();

        // TODO check for efficient interning and then use elRawNameInterned!!!!

        int elLen = ( pos - 1 ) - ( nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart );
        if ( elRawName[depth] == null || elRawName[depth].length < elLen )
        {
            elRawName[depth] = new char[2 * elLen];
        }
        System.arraycopy( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, elRawName[depth], 0, elLen );
        elRawNameEnd[depth] = elLen;
        elRawNameLine[depth] = lineNumber;

        String name = null;

        // work on prefixes and namespace URI
        String prefix = null;
        if ( processNamespaces )
        {
            if ( colonPos != -1 )
            {
                prefix = elPrefix[depth] = newString( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, colonPos - nameStart );
                name = elName[depth] = newString( buf, colonPos + 1 - bufAbsoluteStart,
                                                  // (pos -1) - (colonPos + 1));
                                                  pos - 2 - ( colonPos - bufAbsoluteStart ) );
            }
            else
            {
                prefix = elPrefix[depth] = null;
                name = elName[depth] = newString( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, elLen );
            }
        }
        else
        {

            name = elName[depth] = newString( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, elLen );

        }

        while ( true )
        {

            while ( isS( ch ) )
            {
                ch = more();
            } // skip additional white spaces

            if ( ch == '>' )
            {
                break;
            }
            else if ( ch == '/' )
            {
                if ( emptyElementTag )
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "repeated / in tag declaration", this, null );
                emptyElementTag = true;
                ch = more();
                if ( ch != '>' )
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected > to end empty tag not " + printable( ch ), this,
                                                      null );
                break;
            }
            else if ( isNameStartChar( ch ) )
            {
                ch = parseAttribute();
                ch = more();
            }
            else
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "start tag unexpected character " + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            // ch = more(); // skip space
        }

        // now when namespaces were declared we can resolve them
        if ( processNamespaces )
        {
            String uri = getNamespace( prefix );
            if ( uri == null )
            {
                if ( prefix == null )
                { // no prefix and no uri => use default namespace
                    uri = NO_NAMESPACE;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "could not determine namespace bound to element prefix " + prefix,
                                                      this, null );
                }

            }
            elUri[depth] = uri;

            // String uri = getNamespace(prefix);
            // if(uri == null && prefix == null) { // no prefix and no uri => use default namespace
            // uri = "";
            // }
            // resolve attribute namespaces
            for ( int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++ )
            {
                final String attrPrefix = attributePrefix[i];
                if ( attrPrefix != null )
                {
                    final String attrUri = getNamespace( attrPrefix );
                    if ( attrUri == null )
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "could not determine namespace bound to attribute prefix "
                            + attrPrefix, this, null );

                    }
                    attributeUri[i] = attrUri;
                }
                else
                {
                    attributeUri[i] = NO_NAMESPACE;
                }
            }

            // TODO
            // [ WFC: Unique Att Spec ]
            // check namespaced attribute uniqueness constraint!!!

            for ( int i = 1; i < attributeCount; i++ )
            {
                for ( int j = 0; j < i; j++ )
                {
                    if ( attributeUri[j] == attributeUri[i]
                        && ( allStringsInterned && attributeName[j].equals( attributeName[i] )
                            || ( !allStringsInterned && attributeNameHash[j] == attributeNameHash[i]
                                && attributeName[j].equals( attributeName[i] ) ) )

                    )
                    {
                        // prepare data for nice error message?
                        String attr1 = attributeName[j];
                        if ( attributeUri[j] != null )
                            attr1 = attributeUri[j] + ":" + attr1;
                        String attr2 = attributeName[i];
                        if ( attributeUri[i] != null )
                            attr2 = attributeUri[i] + ":" + attr2;
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "duplicated attributes " + attr1 + " and " + attr2, this,
                                                          null );
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        else
        { // ! processNamespaces

            // [ WFC: Unique Att Spec ]
            // check raw attribute uniqueness constraint!!!
            for ( int i = 1; i < attributeCount; i++ )
            {
                for ( int j = 0; j < i; j++ )
                {
                    if ( ( allStringsInterned && attributeName[j].equals( attributeName[i] )
                        || ( !allStringsInterned && attributeNameHash[j] == attributeNameHash[i]
                            && attributeName[j].equals( attributeName[i] ) ) )

                    )
                    {
                        // prepare data for nice error message?
                        final String attr1 = attributeName[j];
                        final String attr2 = attributeName[i];
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "duplicated attributes " + attr1 + " and " + attr2, this,
                                                          null );
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        elNamespaceCount[depth] = namespaceEnd;
        posEnd = pos;
        return eventType = START_TAG;
    }

    private char parseAttribute()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // parse attribute
        // [41] Attribute ::= Name Eq AttValue
        // [WFC: No External Entity References]
        // [WFC: No < in Attribute Values]
        final int prevPosStart = posStart + bufAbsoluteStart;
        final int nameStart = pos - 1 + bufAbsoluteStart;
        int colonPos = -1;
        char ch = buf[pos - 1];
        if ( ch == ':' && processNamespaces )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "when namespaces processing enabled colon can not be at attribute name start",
                                              this, null );

        boolean startsWithXmlns = processNamespaces && ch == 'x';
        int xmlnsPos = 0;

        ch = more();
        while ( isNameChar( ch ) )
        {
            if ( processNamespaces )
            {
                if ( startsWithXmlns && xmlnsPos < 5 )
                {
                    ++xmlnsPos;
                    if ( xmlnsPos == 1 )
                    {
                        if ( ch != 'm' )
                            startsWithXmlns = false;
                    }
                    else if ( xmlnsPos == 2 )
                    {
                        if ( ch != 'l' )
                            startsWithXmlns = false;
                    }
                    else if ( xmlnsPos == 3 )
                    {
                        if ( ch != 'n' )
                            startsWithXmlns = false;
                    }
                    else if ( xmlnsPos == 4 )
                    {
                        if ( ch != 's' )
                            startsWithXmlns = false;
                    }
                    else if ( xmlnsPos == 5 )
                    {
                        if ( ch != ':' )
                            throw new XmlPullParserException( "after xmlns in attribute name must be colon"
                                + "when namespaces are enabled", this, null );
                        // colonPos = pos - 1 + bufAbsoluteStart;
                    }
                }
                if ( ch == ':' )
                {
                    if ( colonPos != -1 )
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "only one colon is allowed in attribute name"
                            + " when namespaces are enabled", this, null );
                    colonPos = pos - 1 + bufAbsoluteStart;
                }
            }
            ch = more();
        }

        ensureAttributesCapacity( attributeCount );

        // --- start processing attributes
        String name = null;
        String prefix = null;
        // work on prefixes and namespace URI
        if ( processNamespaces )
        {
            if ( xmlnsPos < 4 )
                startsWithXmlns = false;
            if ( startsWithXmlns )
            {
                if ( colonPos != -1 )
                {
                    // prefix = attributePrefix[ attributeCount ] = null;
                    final int nameLen = pos - 2 - ( colonPos - bufAbsoluteStart );
                    if ( nameLen == 0 )
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "namespace prefix is required after xmlns: "
                            + " when namespaces are enabled", this, null );
                    }
                    name = // attributeName[ attributeCount ] =
                        newString( buf, colonPos - bufAbsoluteStart + 1, nameLen );
                    // pos - 1 - (colonPos + 1 - bufAbsoluteStart)
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if ( colonPos != -1 )
                {
                    int prefixLen = colonPos - nameStart;
                    prefix =
                        attributePrefix[attributeCount] = newString( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, prefixLen );
                    // colonPos - (nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart));
                    int nameLen = pos - 2 - ( colonPos - bufAbsoluteStart );
                    name = attributeName[attributeCount] = newString( buf, colonPos - bufAbsoluteStart + 1, nameLen );
                    // pos - 1 - (colonPos + 1 - bufAbsoluteStart));

                    // name.substring(0, colonPos-nameStart);
                }
                else
                {
                    prefix = attributePrefix[attributeCount] = null;
                    name = attributeName[attributeCount] =
                        newString( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, pos - 1 - ( nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart ) );
                }
                if ( !allStringsInterned )
                {
                    attributeNameHash[attributeCount] = name.hashCode();
                }
            }

        }
        else
        {
            // retrieve name
            name = attributeName[attributeCount] =
                newString( buf, nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart, pos - 1 - ( nameStart - bufAbsoluteStart ) );
            //// assert name != null;
            if ( !allStringsInterned )
            {
                attributeNameHash[attributeCount] = name.hashCode();
            }
        }

        // [25] Eq ::= S? '=' S?
        while ( isS( ch ) )
        {
            ch = more();
        } // skip additional spaces
        if ( ch != '=' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected = after attribute name", this, null );
        ch = more();
        while ( isS( ch ) )
        {
            ch = more();
        } // skip additional spaces

        // [10] AttValue ::= '"' ([^<&"] | Reference)* '"'
        // | "'" ([^<&'] | Reference)* "'"
        final char delimit = ch;
        if ( delimit != '"' && delimit != '\'' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "attribute value must start with quotation or apostrophe not "
                + printable( delimit ), this, null );
        // parse until delimit or < and resolve Reference
        // [67] Reference ::= EntityRef | CharRef
        // int valueStart = pos + bufAbsoluteStart;

        boolean normalizedCR = false;
        usePC = false;
        pcStart = pcEnd;
        posStart = pos;

        while ( true )
        {
            ch = more();
            if ( ch == delimit )
            {
                break;
            }
            if ( ch == '<' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "markup not allowed inside attribute value - illegal < ", this,
                                                  null );
            }
            if ( ch == '&' )
            {
                extractEntityRef();
            }
            else if ( ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' )
            {
                // do attribute value normalization
                // as described in http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#AVNormalize
                // TODO add test for it form spec ...
                // handle EOL normalization ...
                if ( !usePC )
                {
                    posEnd = pos - 1;
                    if ( posEnd > posStart )
                    {
                        joinPC();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        usePC = true;
                        pcEnd = pcStart = 0;
                    }
                }
                // assert usePC == true;
                if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                    ensurePC( pcEnd );
                if ( ch != '\n' || !normalizedCR )
                {
                    pc[pcEnd++] = ' '; // '\n';
                }

            }
            else
            {
                if ( usePC )
                {
                    if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                        ensurePC( pcEnd );
                    pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                }
            }
            normalizedCR = ch == '\r';
        }

        if ( processNamespaces && startsWithXmlns )
        {
            String ns = null;
            if ( !usePC )
            {
                ns = newStringIntern( buf, posStart, pos - 1 - posStart );
            }
            else
            {
                ns = newStringIntern( pc, pcStart, pcEnd - pcStart );
            }
            ensureNamespacesCapacity( namespaceEnd );
            int prefixHash = -1;
            if ( colonPos != -1 )
            {
                if ( ns.length() == 0 )
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "non-default namespace can not be declared to be empty string",
                                                      this, null );
                }
                // declare new namespace
                namespacePrefix[namespaceEnd] = name;
                if ( !allStringsInterned )
                {
                    prefixHash = namespacePrefixHash[namespaceEnd] = name.hashCode();
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // declare new default namespace...
                namespacePrefix[namespaceEnd] = null; // ""; //null; //TODO check FIXME Alek
                if ( !allStringsInterned )
                {
                    prefixHash = namespacePrefixHash[namespaceEnd] = -1;
                }
            }
            namespaceUri[namespaceEnd] = ns;

            // detect duplicate namespace declarations!!!
            final int startNs = elNamespaceCount[depth - 1];
            for ( int i = namespaceEnd - 1; i >= startNs; --i )
            {
                if ( ( ( allStringsInterned || name == null ) && namespacePrefix[i] == name ) || ( !allStringsInterned
                    && name != null && namespacePrefixHash[i] == prefixHash && name.equals( namespacePrefix[i] ) ) )
                {
                    final String s = name == null ? "default" : "'" + name + "'";
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "duplicated namespace declaration for " + s + " prefix", this,
                                                      null );
                }
            }

            ++namespaceEnd;

        }
        else
        {
            if ( !usePC )
            {
                attributeValue[attributeCount] = new String( buf, posStart, pos - 1 - posStart );
            }
            else
            {
                attributeValue[attributeCount] = new String( pc, pcStart, pcEnd - pcStart );
            }
            ++attributeCount;
        }
        posStart = prevPosStart - bufAbsoluteStart;
        return ch;
    }

    // state representing that no entity ref have been resolved
    private static final char[] BUF_NOT_RESOLVED = new char[0];

    // predefined entity refs
    private static final char[] BUF_LT = new char[] { '<' };
    private static final char[] BUF_AMP = new char[] { '&' };
    private static final char[] BUF_GT = new char[] { '>' };
    private static final char[] BUF_APO = new char[] { '\'' };
    private static final char[] BUF_QUOT = new char[] { '"' };

    private char[] resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_NOT_RESOLVED;

    /**
     * parse Entity Ref, either a character entity or one of the predefined name entities.
     *
     * @return the length of the valid found character reference, which may be one of the predefined character reference
     *         names (resolvedEntityRefCharBuf contains the replaced chars). Returns the length of the not found entity
     *         name, otherwise.
     * @throws XmlPullParserException if invalid XML is detected.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error is found.
     */
    private int parseCharOrPredefinedEntityRef()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // entity reference http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-Reference
        // [67] Reference ::= EntityRef | CharRef

        // ASSUMPTION just after &
        entityRefName = null;
        posStart = pos;
        int len = 0;
        resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_NOT_RESOLVED;
        char ch = more();
        if ( ch == '#' )
        {
            // parse character reference

            char charRef = 0;
            ch = more();
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            boolean isHex = ( ch == 'x' );

            if ( isHex )
            {
                // encoded in hex
                while ( true )
                {
                    ch = more();
                    if ( ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' )
                    {
                        charRef = (char) ( charRef * 16 + ( ch - '0' ) );
                        sb.append( ch );
                    }
                    else if ( ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f' )
                    {
                        charRef = (char) ( charRef * 16 + ( ch - ( 'a' - 10 ) ) );
                        sb.append( ch );
                    }
                    else if ( ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F' )
                    {
                        charRef = (char) ( charRef * 16 + ( ch - ( 'A' - 10 ) ) );
                        sb.append( ch );
                    }
                    else if ( ch == ';' )
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "character reference (with hex value) may not contain "
                            + printable( ch ), this, null );
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // encoded in decimal
                while ( true )
                {
                    if ( ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' )
                    {
                        charRef = (char) ( charRef * 10 + ( ch - '0' ) );
                        sb.append( ch );
                    }
                    else if ( ch == ';' )
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "character reference (with decimal value) may not contain "
                            + printable( ch ), this, null );
                    }
                    ch = more();
                }
            }

            boolean isValidCodePoint = true;
            try
            {
                int codePoint = Integer.parseInt( sb.toString(), isHex ? 16 : 10 );
                isValidCodePoint = isValidCodePoint( codePoint );
                if ( isValidCodePoint )
                {
                    resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = Character.toChars( codePoint );
                }
            }
            catch ( IllegalArgumentException e )
            {
                isValidCodePoint = false;
            }

            if ( !isValidCodePoint )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "character reference (with " + ( isHex ? "hex" : "decimal" )
                    + " value " + sb.toString() + ") is invalid", this, null );
            }

            if ( tokenize )
            {
                text = newString( resolvedEntityRefCharBuf, 0, resolvedEntityRefCharBuf.length );
            }
            len = resolvedEntityRefCharBuf.length;
        }
        else
        {
            // [68] EntityRef ::= '&' Name ';'
            // scan name until ;
            if ( !isNameStartChar( ch ) )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "entity reference names can not start with character '"
                    + printable( ch ) + "'", this, null );
            }
            while ( true )
            {
                ch = more();
                if ( ch == ';' )
                {
                    break;
                }
                if ( !isNameChar( ch ) )
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "entity reference name can not contain character "
                        + printable( ch ) + "'", this, null );
                }
            }
            // determine what name maps to
            len = ( pos - 1 ) - posStart;
            if ( len == 2 && buf[posStart] == 'l' && buf[posStart + 1] == 't' )
            {
                if ( tokenize )
                {
                    text = "<";
                }
                resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_LT;
                // if(paramPC || isParserTokenizing) {
                // if(pcEnd >= pc.length) ensurePC();
                // pc[pcEnd++] = '<';
                // }
            }
            else if ( len == 3 && buf[posStart] == 'a' && buf[posStart + 1] == 'm' && buf[posStart + 2] == 'p' )
            {
                if ( tokenize )
                {
                    text = "&";
                }
                resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_AMP;
            }
            else if ( len == 2 && buf[posStart] == 'g' && buf[posStart + 1] == 't' )
            {
                if ( tokenize )
                {
                    text = ">";
                }
                resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_GT;
            }
            else if ( len == 4 && buf[posStart] == 'a' && buf[posStart + 1] == 'p' && buf[posStart + 2] == 'o'
                && buf[posStart + 3] == 's' )
            {
                if ( tokenize )
                {
                    text = "'";
                }
                resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_APO;
            }
            else if ( len == 4 && buf[posStart] == 'q' && buf[posStart + 1] == 'u' && buf[posStart + 2] == 'o'
                && buf[posStart + 3] == 't' )
            {
                if ( tokenize )
                {
                    text = "\"";
                }
                resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = BUF_QUOT;
            }
        }

        posEnd = pos;

        return len;
    }

    /**
     * Parse an entity reference inside the DOCDECL section.
     *
     * @throws XmlPullParserException if invalid XML is detected.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error is found.
     */
    private void parseEntityRefInDocDecl()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        parseCharOrPredefinedEntityRef();
        if (usePC) {
            posStart--; // include in PC the starting '&' of the entity
            joinPC();
        }

        if ( resolvedEntityRefCharBuf != BUF_NOT_RESOLVED )
            return;
        if ( tokenize )
            text = null;
    }

    /**
     * Parse an entity reference inside a tag or attribute.
     *
     * @throws XmlPullParserException if invalid XML is detected.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error is found.
     */
    private void parseEntityRef()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        final int len = parseCharOrPredefinedEntityRef();

        posEnd--; // don't involve the final ';' from the entity in the search

        if ( resolvedEntityRefCharBuf != BUF_NOT_RESOLVED ) {
            return;
        }

        resolvedEntityRefCharBuf = lookuEntityReplacement( len );
        if ( resolvedEntityRefCharBuf != BUF_NOT_RESOLVED )
        {
            return;
        }
        if ( tokenize )
            text = null;
    }

    /**
     * Check if the provided parameter is a valid Char. According to
     * <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#NT-Char">https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#NT-Char</a>
     *
     * @param codePoint the numeric value to check
     * @return true if it is a valid numeric character reference. False otherwise.
     */
    private static boolean isValidCodePoint( int codePoint )
    {
        // Char ::= #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]
        return codePoint == 0x9 || codePoint == 0xA || codePoint == 0xD || ( 0x20 <= codePoint && codePoint <= 0xD7FF )
            || ( 0xE000 <= codePoint && codePoint <= 0xFFFD ) || ( 0x10000 <= codePoint && codePoint <= 0x10FFFF );
    }

    private char[] lookuEntityReplacement( int entityNameLen )
    {
        if ( !allStringsInterned )
        {
            final int hash = fastHash( buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart );
            LOOP: for ( int i = entityEnd - 1; i >= 0; --i )
            {
                if ( hash == entityNameHash[i] && entityNameLen == entityNameBuf[i].length )
                {
                    final char[] entityBuf = entityNameBuf[i];
                    for ( int j = 0; j < entityNameLen; j++ )
                    {
                        if ( buf[posStart + j] != entityBuf[j] )
                            continue LOOP;
                    }
                    if ( tokenize )
                        text = entityReplacement[i];
                    return entityReplacementBuf[i];
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            entityRefName = newString( buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart );
            for ( int i = entityEnd - 1; i >= 0; --i )
            {
                // take advantage that interning for newString is enforced
                if ( entityRefName == entityName[i] )
                {
                    if ( tokenize )
                        text = entityReplacement[i];
                    return entityReplacementBuf[i];
                }
            }
        }
        return BUF_NOT_RESOLVED;
    }

    private void parseComment()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // implements XML 1.0 Section 2.5 Comments

        // ASSUMPTION: seen <!-
        char ch = more();
        if ( ch != '-' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!-- for comment start", this, null );
        if ( tokenize )
            posStart = pos;

        final int curLine = lineNumber;
        final int curColumn = columnNumber - 4;
        try
        {
            final boolean normalizeIgnorableWS = tokenize && !roundtripSupported;
            boolean normalizedCR = false;

            boolean seenDash = false;
            boolean seenDashDash = false;
            while ( true )
            {
                // scan until it hits -->
                ch = more();
                if ( seenDashDash && ch != '>' )
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "in comment after two dashes (--) next character must be >"
                        + " not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
                }
                if ( ch == '-' )
                {
                    if ( !seenDash )
                    {
                        seenDash = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        seenDashDash = true;
                    }
                }
                else if ( ch == '>' )
                {
                    if ( seenDashDash )
                    {
                        break; // found end sequence!!!!
                    }
                    seenDash = false;
                }
                else if (isValidCodePoint( ch ))
                {
                    seenDash = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "Illegal character 0x" + Integer.toHexString(ch) + " found in comment", this, null );
                }
                if ( normalizeIgnorableWS )
                {
                    if ( ch == '\r' )
                    {
                        normalizedCR = true;
                        // posEnd = pos -1;
                        // joinPC();
                        // posEnd is alreadys set
                        if ( !usePC )
                        {
                            posEnd = pos - 1;
                            if ( posEnd > posStart )
                            {
                                joinPC();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                usePC = true;
                                pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        // assert usePC == true;
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '\n' )
                    {
                        if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if ( usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        catch ( EOFException ex )
        {
            // detect EOF and create meaningful error ...
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "comment started on line " + curLine + " and column " + curColumn
                + " was not closed", this, ex );
        }
        if ( tokenize )
        {
            posEnd = pos - 3;
            if ( usePC )
            {
                pcEnd -= 2;
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean parsePI()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // implements XML 1.0 Section 2.6 Processing Instructions

        // [16] PI ::= '<?' PITarget (S (Char* - (Char* '?>' Char*)))? '?>'
        // [17] PITarget ::= Name - (('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))
        // ASSUMPTION: seen <?
        if ( tokenize )
            posStart = pos;
        final int curLine = lineNumber;
        final int curColumn = columnNumber - 2;
        int piTargetStart = pos;
        int piTargetEnd = -1;
        final boolean normalizeIgnorableWS = tokenize && !roundtripSupported;
        boolean normalizedCR = false;

        try
        {
            boolean seenPITarget = false;
            boolean seenInnerTag = false;
            boolean seenQ = false;
            char ch = more();
            if ( isS( ch ) )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing instruction PITarget must be exactly after <? and not white space character",
                                                  this, null );
            }
            while ( true )
            {
                // scan until it hits ?>
                // ch = more();

                if ( ch == '?' )
                {
                    if ( !seenPITarget )
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing instruction PITarget name not found", this,
                                                          null );
                    }
                    seenQ = true;
                }
                else if ( ch == '>' )
                {
                    if ( seenQ )
                    {
                        break; // found end sequence!!!!
                    }

                    if ( !seenPITarget )
                    {
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing instruction PITarget name not found", this,
                                                          null );
                    }
                    else if ( !seenInnerTag )
                    {
                        // seenPITarget && !seenQ
                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing instruction started on line " + curLine
                            + " and column " + curColumn + " was not closed", this, null );
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        seenInnerTag = false;
                    }
                }
                else if ( ch == '<' )
                {
                    seenInnerTag = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    if ( piTargetEnd == -1 && isS( ch ) )
                    {
                        piTargetEnd = pos - 1;

                        // [17] PITarget ::= Name - (('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))
                        if ( ( piTargetEnd - piTargetStart ) >= 3 )
                        {
                            if ( ( buf[piTargetStart] == 'x' || buf[piTargetStart] == 'X' )
                                && ( buf[piTargetStart + 1] == 'm' || buf[piTargetStart + 1] == 'M' )
                                && ( buf[piTargetStart + 2] == 'l' || buf[piTargetStart + 2] == 'L' ) )
                            {
                                if ( piTargetStart > 3 )
                                { // <?xml is allowed as first characters in input ...
                                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing instruction can not have PITarget with reserved xml name",
                                                                      this, null );
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    if ( buf[piTargetStart] != 'x' && buf[piTargetStart + 1] != 'm'
                                        && buf[piTargetStart + 2] != 'l' )
                                    {
                                        throw new XmlPullParserException( "XMLDecl must have xml name in lowercase",
                                                                          this, null );
                                    }
                                }
                                parseXmlDecl( ch );
                                if ( tokenize )
                                    posEnd = pos - 2;
                                final int off = piTargetStart + 3;
                                final int len = pos - 2 - off;
                                xmlDeclContent = newString( buf, off, len );
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    seenQ = false;
                }
                if ( normalizeIgnorableWS )
                {
                    if ( ch == '\r' )
                    {
                        normalizedCR = true;
                        // posEnd = pos -1;
                        // joinPC();
                        // posEnd is alreadys set
                        if ( !usePC )
                        {
                            posEnd = pos - 1;
                            if ( posEnd > posStart )
                            {
                                joinPC();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                usePC = true;
                                pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        // assert usePC == true;
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '\n' )
                    {
                        if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if ( usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                }
                seenPITarget = true;
                ch = more();
            }
        }
        catch ( EOFException ex )
        {
            // detect EOF and create meaningful error ...
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "processing instruction started on line " + curLine + " and column "
                + curColumn + " was not closed", this, ex );
        }
        if ( piTargetEnd == -1 )
        {
            piTargetEnd = pos - 2 + bufAbsoluteStart;
            // throw new XmlPullParserException(
            // "processing instruction must have PITarget name", this, null);
        }
        if ( tokenize )
        {
            posEnd = pos - 2;
            if ( normalizeIgnorableWS )
            {
                --pcEnd;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    // protected final static char[] VERSION = {'v','e','r','s','i','o','n'};
    // protected final static char[] NCODING = {'n','c','o','d','i','n','g'};
    // protected final static char[] TANDALONE = {'t','a','n','d','a','l','o','n','e'};
    // protected final static char[] YES = {'y','e','s'};
    // protected final static char[] NO = {'n','o'};

    private final static char[] VERSION = "version".toCharArray();

    private final static char[] NCODING = "ncoding".toCharArray();

    private final static char[] TANDALONE = "tandalone".toCharArray();

    private final static char[] YES = "yes".toCharArray();

    private final static char[] NO = "no".toCharArray();

    private void parseXmlDecl( char ch )
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // [23] XMLDecl ::= '<?xml' VersionInfo EncodingDecl? SDDecl? S? '?>'

        // first make sure that relative positions will stay OK
        preventBufferCompaction = true;
        bufStart = 0; // necessary to keep pos unchanged during expansion!

        // --- parse VersionInfo

        // [24] VersionInfo ::= S 'version' Eq ("'" VersionNum "'" | '"' VersionNum '"')
        // parse is positioned just on first S past <?xml
        ch = skipS( ch );
        ch = requireInput( ch, VERSION );
        // [25] Eq ::= S? '=' S?
        ch = skipS( ch );
        if ( ch != '=' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected equals sign (=) after version and not " + printable( ch ), this,
                                              null );
        }
        ch = more();
        ch = skipS( ch );
        if ( ch != '\'' && ch != '"' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected apostrophe (') or quotation mark (\") after version and not "
                + printable( ch ), this, null );
        }
        final char quotChar = ch;
        // int versionStart = pos + bufAbsoluteStart; // required if preventBufferCompaction==false
        final int versionStart = pos;
        ch = more();
        // [26] VersionNum ::= ([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+
        while ( ch != quotChar )
        {
            if ( ( ch < 'a' || ch > 'z' ) && ( ch < 'A' || ch > 'Z' ) && ( ch < '0' || ch > '9' ) && ch != '_'
                && ch != '.' && ch != ':' && ch != '-' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "<?xml version value expected to be in ([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')"
                    + " not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
        }
        final int versionEnd = pos - 1;
        parseXmlDeclWithVersion( versionStart, versionEnd );
        preventBufferCompaction = false; // allow again buffer compaction - pos MAY change
    }
    // private String xmlDeclVersion;

    private void parseXmlDeclWithVersion( int versionStart, int versionEnd )
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // check version is "1.0"
        if ( ( versionEnd - versionStart != 3 ) || buf[versionStart] != '1' || buf[versionStart + 1] != '.'
            || buf[versionStart + 2] != '0' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "only 1.0 is supported as <?xml version not '"
                + printable( new String( buf, versionStart, versionEnd - versionStart ) ) + "'", this, null );
        }
        xmlDeclVersion = newString( buf, versionStart, versionEnd - versionStart );

        String lastParsedAttr = "version";

        // [80] EncodingDecl ::= S 'encoding' Eq ('"' EncName '"' | "'" EncName "'" )
        char ch = more();
        char prevCh = ch;
        ch = skipS( ch );

        if ( ch != 'e' && ch != 's' && ch != '?' && ch != '>' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "unexpected character " + printable( ch ), this, null );
        }

        if ( ch == 'e' )
        {
            if ( !isS( prevCh ) )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected a space after " + lastParsedAttr + " and not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
            ch = requireInput( ch, NCODING );
            ch = skipS( ch );
            if ( ch != '=' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected equals sign (=) after encoding and not " + printable( ch ),
                                                  this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
            ch = skipS( ch );
            if ( ch != '\'' && ch != '"' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected apostrophe (') or quotation mark (\") after encoding and not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            final char quotChar = ch;
            final int encodingStart = pos;
            ch = more();
            // [81] EncName ::= [A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*
            if ( ( ch < 'a' || ch > 'z' ) && ( ch < 'A' || ch > 'Z' ) )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "<?xml encoding name expected to start with [A-Za-z]" + " not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
            while ( ch != quotChar )
            {
                if ( ( ch < 'a' || ch > 'z' ) && ( ch < 'A' || ch > 'Z' ) && ( ch < '0' || ch > '9' ) && ch != '.'
                    && ch != '_' && ch != '-' )
                {
                    throw new XmlPullParserException( "<?xml encoding value expected to be in ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')"
                        + " not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
                }
                ch = more();
            }
            final int encodingEnd = pos - 1;

            // TODO reconcile with setInput encodingName
            inputEncoding = newString( buf, encodingStart, encodingEnd - encodingStart );

            if ( "UTF8".equals( fileEncoding ) && inputEncoding.toUpperCase().startsWith( "ISO-" ) )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "UTF-8 BOM plus xml decl of " + inputEncoding + " is incompatible",
                                                  this, null );
            }
            else if ("UTF-16".equals( fileEncoding ) && inputEncoding.equalsIgnoreCase( "UTF-8" ))
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "UTF-16 BOM plus xml decl of " + inputEncoding + " is incompatible",
                                                  this, null );
            }

            lastParsedAttr = "encoding";

            ch = more();
            prevCh = ch;
            ch = skipS( ch );
        }

        // [32] SDDecl ::= S 'standalone' Eq (("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))
        if ( ch == 's' )
        {
            if ( !isS( prevCh ) )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected a space after " + lastParsedAttr + " and not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }

            ch = more();
            ch = requireInput( ch, TANDALONE );
            ch = skipS( ch );
            if ( ch != '=' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected equals sign (=) after standalone and not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
            ch = skipS( ch );
            if ( ch != '\'' && ch != '"' )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected apostrophe (') or quotation mark (\") after standalone and not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            char quotChar = ch;
            ch = more();
            if ( ch == 'y' )
            {
                ch = requireInput( ch, YES );
                // Boolean standalone = new Boolean(true);
                xmlDeclStandalone = true;
            }
            else if ( ch == 'n' )
            {
                ch = requireInput( ch, NO );
                // Boolean standalone = new Boolean(false);
                xmlDeclStandalone = false;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected 'yes' or 'no' after standalone and not " + printable( ch ),
                                                  this, null );
            }
            if ( ch != quotChar )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected " + quotChar + " after standalone value not "
                    + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
            ch = skipS( ch );
        }

        if ( ch != '?' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected ?> as last part of <?xml not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
        }
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != '>' )
        {
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected ?> as last part of <?xml not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
        }

    }

    private void parseDocdecl()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // ASSUMPTION: seen <!D
        char ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'O' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!DOCTYPE", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'C' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!DOCTYPE", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'T' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!DOCTYPE", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'Y' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!DOCTYPE", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'P' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!DOCTYPE", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'E' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <!DOCTYPE", this, null );
        posStart = pos;
        // do simple and crude scanning for end of doctype

        // [28] doctypedecl ::= '<!DOCTYPE' S Name (S ExternalID)? S? ('['
        // (markupdecl | DeclSep)* ']' S?)? '>'
        int bracketLevel = 0;
        final boolean normalizeIgnorableWS = tokenize && !roundtripSupported;
        boolean normalizedCR = false;
        while ( true )
        {
            ch = more();
            if ( ch == '[' )
                ++bracketLevel;
            else if ( ch == ']' )
                --bracketLevel;
            else if ( ch == '>' && bracketLevel == 0 )
                break;
            else if ( ch == '&' )
            {
                extractEntityRefInDocDecl();
                continue;
            }
            if ( normalizeIgnorableWS )
            {
                if ( ch == '\r' )
                {
                    normalizedCR = true;
                    // posEnd = pos -1;
                    // joinPC();
                    // posEnd is alreadys set
                    if ( !usePC )
                    {
                        posEnd = pos - 1;
                        if ( posEnd > posStart )
                        {
                            joinPC();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            usePC = true;
                            pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                        }
                    }
                    // assert usePC == true;
                    if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                        ensurePC( pcEnd );
                    pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                }
                else if ( ch == '\n' )
                {
                    if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                    {
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                    }
                    normalizedCR = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    if ( usePC )
                    {
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                    }
                    normalizedCR = false;
                }
            }

        }
        posEnd = pos - 1;
        text = null;
    }

    private void extractEntityRefInDocDecl()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // extractEntityRef
        posEnd = pos - 1;

        int prevPosStart = posStart;
        parseEntityRefInDocDecl();

        posStart = prevPosStart;
    }

    private void extractEntityRef()
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // extractEntityRef
        posEnd = pos - 1;
        if ( !usePC )
        {
            final boolean hadCharData = posEnd > posStart;
            if ( hadCharData )
            {
                // posEnd is already set correctly!!!
                joinPC();
            }
            else
            {
                usePC = true;
                pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
            }
        }
        // assert usePC == true;

        parseEntityRef();
        // check if replacement text can be resolved !!!
        if ( resolvedEntityRefCharBuf == BUF_NOT_RESOLVED )
        {
            if ( entityRefName == null )
            {
                entityRefName = newString( buf, posStart, posEnd - posStart );
            }
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "could not resolve entity named '" + printable( entityRefName )
                + "'", this, null );
        }
        // write into PC replacement text - do merge for replacement text!!!!
        for ( char aResolvedEntity : resolvedEntityRefCharBuf )
        {
            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
            {
                ensurePC( pcEnd );
            }
            pc[pcEnd++] = aResolvedEntity;
        }
    }

    private void parseCDSect( boolean hadCharData )
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        // implements XML 1.0 Section 2.7 CDATA Sections

        // [18] CDSect ::= CDStart CData CDEnd
        // [19] CDStart ::= '<![CDATA['
        // [20] CData ::= (Char* - (Char* ']]>' Char*))
        // [21] CDEnd ::= ']]>'

        // ASSUMPTION: seen <![
        char ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'C' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <[CDATA[ for comment start", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'D' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <[CDATA[ for comment start", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'A' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <[CDATA[ for comment start", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'T' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <[CDATA[ for comment start", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != 'A' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <[CDATA[ for comment start", this, null );
        ch = more();
        if ( ch != '[' )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected <![CDATA[ for comment start", this, null );

        // if(tokenize) {
        final int cdStart = pos + bufAbsoluteStart;
        final int curLine = lineNumber;
        final int curColumn = columnNumber;
        final boolean normalizeInput = !tokenize || !roundtripSupported;
        try
        {
            if ( normalizeInput )
            {
                if ( hadCharData )
                {
                    if ( !usePC )
                    {
                        // posEnd is correct already!!!
                        if ( posEnd > posStart )
                        {
                            joinPC();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            usePC = true;
                            pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            boolean seenBracket = false;
            boolean seenBracketBracket = false;
            boolean normalizedCR = false;
            while ( true )
            {
                // scan until it hits "]]>"
                ch = more();
                if ( ch == ']' )
                {
                    if ( !seenBracket )
                    {
                        seenBracket = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        seenBracketBracket = true;
                        // seenBracket = false;
                    }
                }
                else if ( ch == '>' )
                {
                    if ( seenBracket && seenBracketBracket )
                    {
                        break; // found end sequence!!!!
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        seenBracketBracket = false;
                    }
                    seenBracket = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    if ( seenBracket )
                    {
                        seenBracket = false;
                    }
                }
                if ( normalizeInput )
                {
                    // deal with normalization issues ...
                    if ( ch == '\r' )
                    {
                        normalizedCR = true;
                        posStart = cdStart - bufAbsoluteStart;
                        posEnd = pos - 1; // posEnd is alreadys set
                        if ( !usePC )
                        {
                            if ( posEnd > posStart )
                            {
                                joinPC();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                usePC = true;
                                pcStart = pcEnd = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        // assert usePC == true;
                        if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                            ensurePC( pcEnd );
                        pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                    }
                    else if ( ch == '\n' )
                    {
                        if ( !normalizedCR && usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = '\n';
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if ( usePC )
                        {
                            if ( pcEnd >= pc.length )
                                ensurePC( pcEnd );
                            pc[pcEnd++] = ch;
                        }
                        normalizedCR = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch ( EOFException ex )
        {
            // detect EOF and create meaningful error ...
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "CDATA section started on line " + curLine + " and column " + curColumn
                + " was not closed", this, ex );
        }
        if ( normalizeInput )
        {
            if ( usePC )
            {
                pcEnd = pcEnd - 2;
            }
        }
        posStart = cdStart - bufAbsoluteStart;
        posEnd = pos - 3;
    }

    private void fillBuf()
        throws IOException, XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( reader == null )
            throw new XmlPullParserException( "reader must be set before parsing is started" );

        // see if we are in compaction area
        if ( bufEnd > bufSoftLimit )
        {

            // check if we need to compact or expand the buffer
            boolean compact = !preventBufferCompaction
                    && ( bufStart > bufSoftLimit || bufStart >= buf.length / 2 );

            // if buffer almost full then compact it
            if ( compact )
            {
                // TODO: look on trashing
                // //assert bufStart > 0
                System.arraycopy( buf, bufStart, buf, 0, bufEnd - bufStart );
                if ( TRACE_SIZING )
                    System.out.println( "TRACE_SIZING fillBuf() compacting " + bufStart + " bufEnd=" + bufEnd + " pos="
                        + pos + " posStart=" + posStart + " posEnd=" + posEnd + " buf first 100 chars:"
                        + new String( buf, bufStart, Math.min(bufEnd - bufStart, 100)) );

            }
            else
            {
                final int newSize = 2 * buf.length;
                final char[] newBuf = new char[newSize];
                if ( TRACE_SIZING )
                    System.out.println( "TRACE_SIZING fillBuf() " + buf.length + " => " + newSize );
                System.arraycopy( buf, bufStart, newBuf, 0, bufEnd - bufStart );
                buf = newBuf;
                if ( bufLoadFactor > 0 )
                {
                    // Include a fix for https://web.archive.org/web/20070831191548/http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=228
					bufSoftLimit = (int) ( bufferLoadFactor * buf.length );
                }

            }
            bufEnd -= bufStart;
            pos -= bufStart;
            posStart -= bufStart;
            posEnd -= bufStart;
            bufAbsoluteStart += bufStart;
            bufStart = 0;
            if ( TRACE_SIZING )
                System.out.println( "TRACE_SIZING fillBuf() after bufEnd=" + bufEnd + " pos=" + pos + " posStart="
                    + posStart + " posEnd=" + posEnd + " buf first 100 chars:"
                    + new String( buf, 0, Math.min(bufEnd, 100)) );
        }
        // at least one character must be read or error
        final int len = Math.min(buf.length - bufEnd, READ_CHUNK_SIZE);
        final int ret = reader.read( buf, bufEnd, len );
        if ( ret > 0 )
        {
            bufEnd += ret;
            if ( TRACE_SIZING )
                System.out.println( "TRACE_SIZING fillBuf() after filling in buffer" + " buf first 100 chars:"
                    + new String( buf, 0, Math.min(bufEnd, 100)) );

            return;
        }
        if ( ret == -1 )
        {
            if ( bufAbsoluteStart == 0 && pos == 0 )
            {
                throw new EOFException( "input contained no data" );
            }
            else
            {
                if ( seenRoot && depth == 0 )
                { // inside parsing epilog!!!
                    reachedEnd = true;
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    StringBuilder expectedTagStack = new StringBuilder();
                    if ( depth > 0 )
                    {
                        if ( elRawName == null || elRawName[depth] == null )
                        {
                            String tagName = new String( buf, posStart + 1, pos - posStart - 1 );
                            expectedTagStack.append( " - expected the opening tag <" ).append( tagName ).append( "...>" );
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // final char[] cbuf = elRawName[depth];
                            // final String startname = new String(cbuf, 0, elRawNameEnd[depth]);
                            expectedTagStack.append( " - expected end tag" );
                            if ( depth > 1 )
                            {
                                expectedTagStack.append( "s" ); // more than one end tag
                            }
                            expectedTagStack.append( " " );

                            for ( int i = depth; i > 0; i-- )
                            {
                                if ( elRawName == null || elRawName[i] == null )
                                {
                                    String tagName = new String( buf, posStart + 1, pos - posStart - 1 );
                                    expectedTagStack.append( " - expected the opening tag <" ).append( tagName ).append( "...>" );
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    String tagName = new String( elRawName[i], 0, elRawNameEnd[i] );
                                    expectedTagStack.append( "</" ).append( tagName ).append( '>' );
                                }
                            }
                            expectedTagStack.append( " to close" );
                            for ( int i = depth; i > 0; i-- )
                            {
                                if ( i != depth )
                                {
                                    expectedTagStack.append( " and" ); // more than one end tag
                                }
                                if ( elRawName == null || elRawName[i] == null )
                                {
                                    String tagName = new String( buf, posStart + 1, pos - posStart - 1 );
                                    expectedTagStack.append( " start tag <" ).append( tagName ).append( ">" );
                                    expectedTagStack.append( " from line " ).append( elRawNameLine[i] );
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                String tagName = new String( elRawName[i], 0, elRawNameEnd[i] );
                                expectedTagStack.append( " start tag <" ).append( tagName ).append( ">" );
                                expectedTagStack.append( " from line " ).append( elRawNameLine[i] );
                                }
                            }
                            expectedTagStack.append( ", parser stopped on" );
                        }
                    }
                    throw new EOFException( "no more data available" + expectedTagStack.toString()
                        + getPositionDescription() );
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            throw new IOException( "error reading input, returned " + ret );
        }
    }

    private char more()
        throws IOException, XmlPullParserException
    {
        if ( pos >= bufEnd )
        {
            fillBuf();
            // this return value should be ignored as it is used in epilog parsing ...
            if ( reachedEnd )
                return (char) -1;
        }
        final char ch = buf[pos++];
        // line/columnNumber
        if ( ch == '\n' )
        {
            ++lineNumber;
            columnNumber = 1;
        }
        else
        {
            ++columnNumber;
        }
        // System.out.print(ch);
        return ch;
    }

    // /**
    // * This function returns position of parser in XML input stream
    // * (how many <b>characters</b> were processed.
    // * <p><b>NOTE:</b> this logical position and not byte offset as encodings
    // * such as UTF8 may use more than one byte to encode one character.
    // */
    // public int getCurrentInputPosition() {
    // return pos + bufAbsoluteStart;
    // }

    private void ensurePC( int end )
    {
        // assert end >= pc.length;
        final int newSize = end > READ_CHUNK_SIZE ? 2 * end : 2 * READ_CHUNK_SIZE;
        final char[] newPC = new char[newSize];
        if ( TRACE_SIZING )
            System.out.println( "TRACE_SIZING ensurePC() " + pc.length + " ==> " + newSize + " end=" + end );
        System.arraycopy( pc, 0, newPC, 0, pcEnd );
        pc = newPC;
        // assert end < pc.length;
    }

    private void joinPC()
    {
        // assert usePC == false;
        // assert posEnd > posStart;
        final int len = posEnd - posStart;
        final int newEnd = pcEnd + len + 1;
        if ( newEnd >= pc.length )
            ensurePC( newEnd ); // add 1 for extra space for one char
        // assert newEnd < pc.length;
        System.arraycopy( buf, posStart, pc, pcEnd, len );
        pcEnd += len;
        usePC = true;

    }

    private char requireInput( char ch, char[] input )
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        for ( char anInput : input )
        {
            if ( ch != anInput )
            {
                throw new XmlPullParserException( "expected " + printable( anInput ) + " in " + new String( input )
                    + " and not " + printable( ch ), this, null );
            }
            ch = more();
        }
        return ch;
    }

    private char skipS( char ch )
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException
    {
        while ( isS( ch ) )
        {
            ch = more();
        } // skip additional spaces
        return ch;
    }

    // nameStart / name lookup tables based on XML 1.1 http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-xml11-20011213/
    private static final int LOOKUP_MAX = 0x400;

    private static final char LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR = (char) LOOKUP_MAX;

    // private static int lookupNameStartChar[] = new int[ LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR / 32 ];
    // private static int lookupNameChar[] = new int[ LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR / 32 ];
    private static final boolean[] lookupNameStartChar = new boolean[LOOKUP_MAX];

    private static final boolean[] lookupNameChar = new boolean[LOOKUP_MAX];

    private static void setName( char ch )
    // { lookupNameChar[ (int)ch / 32 ] |= (1 << (ch % 32)); }
    {
        lookupNameChar[ch] = true;
    }

    private static void setNameStart( char ch )
    // { lookupNameStartChar[ (int)ch / 32 ] |= (1 << (ch % 32)); setName(ch); }
    {
        lookupNameStartChar[ch] = true;
        setName( ch );
    }

    static
    {
        setNameStart( ':' );
        for ( char ch = 'A'; ch <= 'Z'; ++ch )
            setNameStart( ch );
        setNameStart( '_' );
        for ( char ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ++ch )
            setNameStart( ch );
        for ( char ch = '\u00c0'; ch <= '\u02FF'; ++ch )
            setNameStart( ch );
        for ( char ch = '\u0370'; ch <= '\u037d'; ++ch )
            setNameStart( ch );
        for ( char ch = '\u037f'; ch < '\u0400'; ++ch )
            setNameStart( ch );

        setName( '-' );
        setName( '.' );
        for ( char ch = '0'; ch <= '9'; ++ch )
            setName( ch );
        setName( '\u00b7' );
        for ( char ch = '\u0300'; ch <= '\u036f'; ++ch )
            setName( ch );
    }

    // protected boolean isNameStartChar( char ch )
    private static boolean isNameStartChar( char ch )
    {
        return ch < LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR ? lookupNameStartChar[ch] : ( ch <= '\u2027' )
            || ( ch >= '\u202A' && ch <= '\u218F' ) || ( ch >= '\u2800' && ch <= '\uFFEF' );

        // if(ch < LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR) return lookupNameStartChar[ ch ];
        // else return ch <= '\u2027'
        // || (ch >= '\u202A' && ch <= '\u218F')
        // || (ch >= '\u2800' && ch <= '\uFFEF')
        // ;
        // return false;
        // return (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == ':'
        // || (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9');
        // if(ch < LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR) return (lookupNameStartChar[ (int)ch / 32 ] & (1 << (ch % 32))) != 0;
        // if(ch <= '\u2027') return true;
        // //[#x202A-#x218F]
        // if(ch < '\u202A') return false;
        // if(ch <= '\u218F') return true;
        // // added parts [#x2800-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFDCF] | [#xFDE0-#xFFEF] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]
        // if(ch < '\u2800') return false;
        // if(ch <= '\uFFEF') return true;
        // return false;

        // else return (supportXml11 && ( (ch < '\u2027') || (ch > '\u2029' && ch < '\u2200') ...
    }

    // protected boolean isNameChar( char ch )
    private static boolean isNameChar( char ch )
    {
        // return isNameStartChar(ch);

        // if(ch < LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR) return (lookupNameChar[ (int)ch / 32 ] & (1 << (ch % 32))) != 0;

        return ch < LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR ? lookupNameChar[ch] : ( ch <= '\u2027' )
            || ( ch >= '\u202A' && ch <= '\u218F' ) || ( ch >= '\u2800' && ch <= '\uFFEF' );
        // return false;
        // return (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == ':'
        // || (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9');
        // if(ch < LOOKUP_MAX_CHAR) return (lookupNameStartChar[ (int)ch / 32 ] & (1 << (ch % 32))) != 0;

        // else return
        // else if(ch <= '\u2027') return true;
        // //[#x202A-#x218F]
        // else if(ch < '\u202A') return false;
        // else if(ch <= '\u218F') return true;
        // // added parts [#x2800-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFDCF] | [#xFDE0-#xFFEF] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]
        // else if(ch < '\u2800') return false;
        // else if(ch <= '\uFFEF') return true;
        // else return false;
    }

    private static boolean isS( char ch )
    {
        return ( ch == ' ' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t' );
        // || (supportXml11 && (ch == '\u0085' || ch == '\u2028');
    }

    // protected boolean isChar(char ch) { return (ch < '\uD800' || ch > '\uDFFF')
    // ch != '\u0000' ch < '\uFFFE'

    // private char printable(char ch) { return ch; }
    private static String printable( char ch )
    {
        if ( ch == '\n' )
        {
            return "\\n";
        }
        else if ( ch == '\r' )
        {
            return "\\r";
        }
        else if ( ch == '\t' )
        {
            return "\\t";
        }
        else if ( ch == '\'' )
        {
            return "\\'";
        }
        if ( ch > 127 || ch < 32 )
        {
            return "\\u" + Integer.toHexString( ch );
        }
        return "" + ch;
    }

    private static String printable( String s )
    {
        if ( s == null )
            return null;
        final int sLen = s.length();
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder( sLen + 10 );
        for ( int i = 0; i < sLen; ++i )
        {
            buf.append( printable( s.charAt( i ) ) );
        }
        s = buf.toString();
        return s;
    }

}

/*
 * Indiana University Extreme! Lab Software License, Version 1.2 Copyright (C) 2003 The Trustees of Indiana University.
 * All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
 * provided that the following conditions are met: 1) All redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, the list of authors in the original source code, this list of conditions and the disclaimer listed in this
 * license; 2) All redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
 * the disclaimer listed in this license in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; 3)
 * Any documentation included with all redistributions must include the following acknowledgement: "This product
 * includes software developed by the Indiana University Extreme! Lab. For further information please visit
 * http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/" Alternatively, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, and wherever
 * such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. 4) The name "Indiana University" or "Indiana University Extreme!
 * Lab" shall not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission
 * from Indiana University. For written permission, please contact http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/. 5) Products derived
 * from this software may not use "Indiana University" name nor may "Indiana University" appear in their name, without
 * prior written permission of the Indiana University. Indiana University provides no reassurances that the source code
 * provided does not infringe the patent or any other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Indiana
 * University disclaims any liability to any recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of
 * intellectual property rights or otherwise. LICENSEE UNDERSTANDS THAT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" FOR WHICH NO
 * WARRANTIES AS TO CAPABILITIES OR ACCURACY ARE MADE. INDIANA UNIVERSITY GIVES NO WARRANTIES AND MAKES NO
 * REPRESENTATION THAT SOFTWARE IS FREE OF INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.
 * INDIANA UNIVERSITY MAKES NO WARRANTIES THAT SOFTWARE IS FREE FROM "BUGS", "VIRUSES", "TROJAN HORSES", "TRAP
 * DOORS", "WORMS", OR OTHER HARMFUL CODE. LICENSEE ASSUMES THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE PERFORMANCE OF SOFTWARE AND/OR
 * ASSOCIATED MATERIALS, AND TO THE PERFORMANCE AND VALIDITY OF INFORMATION GENERATED USING SOFTWARE.
 */