Update cloud region carbon intensity factors

[fershad]

Wasn't sure if this should be a bug or feature request

The carbon intensity factors for cloud provider regions & on-premise are slightly dated. The files listed below were last updated between 10 months to 2 years ago.

• AwsFootprintEstimationConstants.ts
• AliFootprintEstimationConstants.ts
• AzureFootprintEstimationConstants.ts
• GcpFootprintEstimationConstants.ts
• OnPremiseFootprintEstimationConstants.ts

To update the carbon intensity values in these files, there are a couple of recent sources that can be used. Below I have outlined those sources & indicated where they might be best put to use:

Data from the GSF Real-time Cloud project

The GSF's real-time cloud project has published a spreadsheet with data for AWS, GCP, and Azure regions. This was shared in the conversation for Green-Software-Foundation/real-time-cloud/issues/14.

The grid intensity factors for AWS, GCP, and Azure could be updated with values from this document.

Data from CO2.js

For on-premise, the data used is country-level. To update this, there is data available in CO2.js. This can be accessed in JSON format, or by installing CO2.js as a dependency. I have linked below to the JSON file for visibility.

https://github.com/thegreenwebfoundation/co2.js/blob/main/data/output/average-intensities.json

The values in this file are updated every month on a cronjob from Ember, to reflect any changes to their methodology, and represent the most up-to-date, easy to use open data that we can find.

The changes are also checked by Chris Adams (@mrchrisadams) and myself to catch surprises in the numbers, and query them upstream. You can see the most recent example below:

thegreenwebfoundation/co2.js#190

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The only cloud provider which I'm not able find updated carbon intensity factors for is Aliyun.

[fershad]

@camcash17 @4upz are you guys okay if I were to create a PR to update the carbon emissions factors as I've outlined above?

[camcash17]

Hey @fershad, this is awesome! Thanks for offering to create the PR for this work. Very happy to continuing talking through this here if any questions arise.

Just a couple considerations.. With this change we will want to update both our documentation and also our coefficients repo to reflect these data source updates. In our coefficients repo, we could also consider automation.