file.rs

//! Files, and methods and fields to access their metadata.

use std::io;
#[cfg(unix)]
use std::os::unix::fs::{FileTypeExt, MetadataExt, PermissionsExt};
#[cfg(windows)]
use std::os::windows::fs::MetadataExt;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};

use libc::{major, minor};
use log::*;

use crate::fs::dir::Dir;
use crate::fs::fields as f;


/// A **File** is a wrapper around one of Rust’s `PathBuf` values, along with
/// associated data about the file.
///
/// Each file is definitely going to have its filename displayed at least
/// once, have its file extension extracted at least once, and have its metadata
/// information queried at least once, so it makes sense to do all this at the
/// start and hold on to all the information.
pub struct File<'dir> {

    /// The filename portion of this file’s path, including the extension.
    ///
    /// This is used to compare against certain filenames (such as checking if
    /// it’s “Makefile” or something) and to highlight only the filename in
    /// colour when displaying the path.
    pub name: String,

    /// The file’s name’s extension, if present, extracted from the name.
    ///
    /// This is queried many times over, so it’s worth caching it.
    pub ext: Option<String>,

    /// The path that begat this file.
    ///
    /// Even though the file’s name is extracted, the path needs to be kept
    /// around, as certain operations involve looking up the file’s absolute
    /// location (such as searching for compiled files) or using its original
    /// path (following a symlink).
    pub path: PathBuf,

    /// A cached `metadata` (`stat`) call for this file.
    ///
    /// This too is queried multiple times, and is *not* cached by the OS, as
    /// it could easily change between invocations — but exa is so short-lived
    /// it’s better to just cache it.
    pub metadata: std::fs::Metadata,

    /// A reference to the directory that contains this file, if any.
    ///
    /// Filenames that get passed in on the command-line directly will have no
    /// parent directory reference — although they technically have one on the
    /// filesystem, we’ll never need to look at it, so it’ll be `None`.
    /// However, *directories* that get passed in will produce files that
    /// contain a reference to it, which is used in certain operations (such
    /// as looking up compiled files).
    pub parent_dir: Option<&'dir Dir>,

    /// Whether this is one of the two `--all all` directories, `.` and `..`.
    ///
    /// Unlike all other entries, these are not returned as part of the
    /// directory’s children, and are in fact added specifically by exa; this
    /// means that they should be skipped when recursing.
    pub is_all_all: bool,
}

impl<'dir> File<'dir> {
    pub fn from_args<PD, FN>(path: PathBuf, parent_dir: PD, filename: FN) -> io::Result<File<'dir>>
    where PD: Into<Option<&'dir Dir>>,
          FN: Into<Option<String>>
    {
        let parent_dir = parent_dir.into();
        let name       = filename.into().unwrap_or_else(|| File::filename(&path));
        let ext        = File::ext(&path);

        debug!("Statting file {:?}", &path);
        let metadata   = std::fs::symlink_metadata(&path)?;
        let is_all_all = false;

        Ok(File { name, ext, path, metadata, parent_dir, is_all_all })
    }

    pub fn new_aa_current(parent_dir: &'dir Dir) -> io::Result<File<'dir>> {
        let path       = parent_dir.path.clone();
        let ext        = File::ext(&path);

        debug!("Statting file {:?}", &path);
        let metadata   = std::fs::symlink_metadata(&path)?;
        let is_all_all = true;
        let parent_dir = Some(parent_dir);

        Ok(File { path, parent_dir, metadata, ext, name: ".".into(), is_all_all })
    }

    pub fn new_aa_parent(path: PathBuf, parent_dir: &'dir Dir) -> io::Result<File<'dir>> {
        let ext        = File::ext(&path);

        debug!("Statting file {:?}", &path);
        let metadata   = std::fs::symlink_metadata(&path)?;
        let is_all_all = true;
        let parent_dir = Some(parent_dir);

        Ok(File { path, parent_dir, metadata, ext, name: "..".into(), is_all_all })
    }

    /// A file’s name is derived from its string. This needs to handle directories
    /// such as `/` or `..`, which have no `file_name` component. So instead, just
    /// use the last component as the name.
    pub fn filename(path: &Path) -> String {
        if let Some(back) = path.components().next_back() {
            back.as_os_str().to_string_lossy().to_string()
        }
        else {
            // use the path as fallback
            error!("Path {:?} has no last component", path);
            path.display().to_string()
        }
    }

    /// Extract an extension from a file path, if one is present, in lowercase.
    ///
    /// The extension is the series of characters after the last dot. This
    /// deliberately counts dotfiles, so the “.git” folder has the extension “git”.
    ///
    /// ASCII lowercasing is used because these extensions are only compared
    /// against a pre-compiled list of extensions which are known to only exist
    /// within ASCII, so it’s alright.
    fn ext(path: &Path) -> Option<String> {
        let name = path.file_name().map(|f| f.to_string_lossy().to_string())?;

        name.rfind('.')
            .map(|p| name[p + 1 ..]
            .to_ascii_lowercase())
    }

    /// Whether this file is a directory on the filesystem.
    pub fn is_directory(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.is_dir()
    }

    /// Whether this file is a directory, or a symlink pointing to a directory.
    pub fn points_to_directory(&self) -> bool {
        if self.is_directory() {
            return true;
        }

        if self.is_link() {
            let target = self.link_target();
            if let FileTarget::Ok(target) = target {
                return target.points_to_directory();
            }
        }

        false
    }

    /// If this file is a directory on the filesystem, then clone its
    /// `PathBuf` for use in one of our own `Dir` values, and read a list of
    /// its contents.
    ///
    /// Returns an IO error upon failure, but this shouldn’t be used to check
    /// if a `File` is a directory or not! For that, just use `is_directory()`.
    pub fn to_dir(&self) -> io::Result<Dir> {
        Dir::read_dir(self.path.clone())
    }

    /// Whether this file is a regular file on the filesystem — that is, not a
    /// directory, a link, or anything else treated specially.
    pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.is_file()
    }

    /// Whether this file is both a regular file *and* executable for the
    /// current user. An executable file has a different purpose from an
    /// executable directory, so they should be highlighted differently.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn is_executable_file(&self) -> bool {
        let bit = modes::USER_EXECUTE;
        self.is_file() && (self.metadata.permissions().mode() & bit) == bit
    }

    /// Whether this file is a symlink on the filesystem.
    pub fn is_link(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.file_type().is_symlink()
    }

    /// Whether this file is a named pipe on the filesystem.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn is_pipe(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.file_type().is_fifo()
    }

    /// Whether this file is a char device on the filesystem.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn is_char_device(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.file_type().is_char_device()
    }

    /// Whether this file is a block device on the filesystem.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn is_block_device(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.file_type().is_block_device()
    }

    /// Whether this file is a socket on the filesystem.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn is_socket(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata.file_type().is_socket()
    }


    /// Re-prefixes the path pointed to by this file, if it’s a symlink, to
    /// make it an absolute path that can be accessed from whichever
    /// directory exa is being run from.
    fn reorient_target_path(&self, path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
        if path.is_absolute() {
            path.to_path_buf()
        }
        else if let Some(dir) = self.parent_dir {
            dir.join(path)
        }
        else if let Some(parent) = self.path.parent() {
            parent.join(path)
        }
        else {
            self.path.join(path)
        }
    }

    /// Again assuming this file is a symlink, follows that link and returns
    /// the result of following it.
    ///
    /// For a working symlink that the user is allowed to follow,
    /// this will be the `File` object at the other end, which can then have
    /// its name, colour, and other details read.
    ///
    /// For a broken symlink, returns where the file *would* be, if it
    /// existed. If this file cannot be read at all, returns the error that
    /// we got when we tried to read it.
    pub fn link_target(&self) -> FileTarget<'dir> {

        // We need to be careful to treat the path actually pointed to by
        // this file — which could be absolute or relative — to the path
        // we actually look up and turn into a `File` — which needs to be
        // absolute to be accessible from any directory.
        debug!("Reading link {:?}", &self.path);
        let path = match std::fs::read_link(&self.path) {
            Ok(p)   => p,
            Err(e)  => return FileTarget::Err(e),
        };

        let absolute_path = self.reorient_target_path(&path);

        // Use plain `metadata` instead of `symlink_metadata` - we *want* to
        // follow links.
        match std::fs::metadata(&absolute_path) {
            Ok(metadata) => {
                let ext  = File::ext(&path);
                let name = File::filename(&path);
                let file = File { parent_dir: None, path, ext, metadata, name, is_all_all: false };
                FileTarget::Ok(Box::new(file))
            }
            Err(e) => {
                error!("Error following link {:?}: {:#?}", &path, e);
                FileTarget::Broken(path)
            }
        }
    }

    /// This file’s number of hard links.
    ///
    /// It also reports whether this is both a regular file, and a file with
    /// multiple links. This is important, because a file with multiple links
    /// is uncommon, while you come across directories and other types
    /// with multiple links much more often. Thus, it should get highlighted
    /// more attentively.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn links(&self) -> f::Links {
        let count = self.metadata.nlink();

        f::Links {
            count,
            multiple: self.is_file() && count > 1,
        }
    }

    /// This file’s inode.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn inode(&self) -> f::Inode {
        f::Inode(self.metadata.ino())
    }

    /// This file’s number of filesystem blocks.
    ///
    /// (Not the size of each block, which we don’t actually report on)
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn blocks(&self) -> f::Blocks {
        if self.is_file() || self.is_link() {
            f::Blocks::Some(self.metadata.blocks())
        }
        else {
            f::Blocks::None
        }
    }

    /// The ID of the user that own this file.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn user(&self) -> f::User {
        f::User(self.metadata.uid())
    }

    /// The ID of the group that owns this file.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn group(&self) -> f::Group {
        f::Group(self.metadata.gid())
    }

    /// This file’s size, if it’s a regular file.
    ///
    /// For directories, no size is given. Although they do have a size on
    /// some filesystems, I’ve never looked at one of those numbers and gained
    /// any information from it. So it’s going to be hidden instead.
    ///
    /// Block and character devices return their device IDs, because they
    /// usually just have a file size of zero.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn size(&self) -> f::Size {
        if self.is_directory() {
            f::Size::None
        }
        else if self.is_char_device() || self.is_block_device() {
            let device_ids = self.metadata.rdev();

            // SAFETY: `major()` and `minor()` can return an unsigned integer
            // of at most 32bits, so an `i64` is going to accomodate them well
            f::Size::DeviceIDs(f::DeviceIDs {
                major: unsafe { major(device_ids) as i64 },
                minor: unsafe { minor(device_ids) as i64 },
            })
        }
        else {
            f::Size::Some(self.metadata.len())
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    pub fn size(&self) -> f::Size {
        if self.is_directory() {
            f::Size::None
        }
        else {
            f::Size::Some(self.metadata.len())
        }
    }

    /// This file’s last modified timestamp, if available on this platform.
    pub fn modified_time(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        self.metadata.modified().ok()
    }

    /// This file’s last changed timestamp, if available on this platform.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn changed_time(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        let (mut sec, mut nanosec) = (self.metadata.ctime(), self.metadata.ctime_nsec());

        if sec < 0 {
            if nanosec > 0 {
                sec += 1;
                nanosec -= 1_000_000_000;
            }

            let duration = Duration::new(sec.unsigned_abs(), nanosec.unsigned_abs() as u32);
            Some(UNIX_EPOCH - duration)
        }
        else {
            let duration = Duration::new(sec as u64, nanosec as u32);
            Some(UNIX_EPOCH + duration)
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    pub fn changed_time(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        return self.modified_time()
    }

    /// This file’s last accessed timestamp, if available on this platform.
    pub fn accessed_time(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        self.metadata.accessed().ok()
    }

    /// This file’s created timestamp, if available on this platform.
    pub fn created_time(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        self.metadata.created().ok()
    }

    /// This file’s ‘type’.
    ///
    /// This is used a the leftmost character of the permissions column.
    /// The file type can usually be guessed from the colour of the file, but
    /// ls puts this character there.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn type_char(&self) -> f::Type {
        if self.is_file() {
            f::Type::File
        }
        else if self.is_directory() {
            f::Type::Directory
        }
        else if self.is_pipe() {
            f::Type::Pipe
        }
        else if self.is_link() {
            f::Type::Link
        }
        else if self.is_char_device() {
            f::Type::CharDevice
        }
        else if self.is_block_device() {
            f::Type::BlockDevice
        }
        else if self.is_socket() {
            f::Type::Socket
        }
        else {
            f::Type::Special
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    pub fn type_char(&self) -> f::Type {
        if self.is_file() {
            f::Type::File
        }
        else if self.is_directory() {
            f::Type::Directory
        }
        else {
            f::Type::Special
        }
    }

    /// This file’s permissions, with flags for each bit.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    pub fn permissions(&self) -> f::Permissions {
        let bits = self.metadata.mode();
        let has_bit = |bit| bits & bit == bit;

        f::Permissions {
            user_read:      has_bit(modes::USER_READ),
            user_write:     has_bit(modes::USER_WRITE),
            user_execute:   has_bit(modes::USER_EXECUTE),

            group_read:     has_bit(modes::GROUP_READ),
            group_write:    has_bit(modes::GROUP_WRITE),
            group_execute:  has_bit(modes::GROUP_EXECUTE),

            other_read:     has_bit(modes::OTHER_READ),
            other_write:    has_bit(modes::OTHER_WRITE),
            other_execute:  has_bit(modes::OTHER_EXECUTE),

            sticky:         has_bit(modes::STICKY),
            setgid:         has_bit(modes::SETGID),
            setuid:         has_bit(modes::SETUID),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    pub fn attributes(&self) -> f::Attributes {
        let bits = self.metadata.file_attributes();
        let has_bit = |bit| bits & bit == bit;

        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/file-attribute-constants
        f::Attributes {
            directory:      has_bit(0x10),
            archive:        has_bit(0x20),
            readonly:       has_bit(0x1),
            hidden:         has_bit(0x2),
            system:         has_bit(0x4),
            reparse_point:  has_bit(0x400),
        }
    }

    /// Whether this file’s extension is any of the strings that get passed in.
    ///
    /// This will always return `false` if the file has no extension.
    pub fn extension_is_one_of(&self, choices: &[&str]) -> bool {
        match &self.ext {
            Some(ext)  => choices.contains(&&ext[..]),
            None       => false,
        }
    }

    /// Whether this file’s name, including extension, is any of the strings
    /// that get passed in.
    pub fn name_is_one_of(&self, choices: &[&str]) -> bool {
        choices.contains(&&self.name[..])
    }
}


impl<'a> AsRef<File<'a>> for File<'a> {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &File<'a> {
        self
    }
}


/// The result of following a symlink.
pub enum FileTarget<'dir> {

    /// The symlink pointed at a file that exists.
    Ok(Box<File<'dir>>),

    /// The symlink pointed at a file that does not exist. Holds the path
    /// where the file would be, if it existed.
    Broken(PathBuf),

    /// There was an IO error when following the link. This can happen if the
    /// file isn’t a link to begin with, but also if, say, we don’t have
    /// permission to follow it.
    Err(io::Error),

    // Err is its own variant, instead of having the whole thing be inside an
    // `io::Result`, because being unable to follow a symlink is not a serious
    // error — we just display the error message and move on.
}

impl<'dir> FileTarget<'dir> {

    /// Whether this link doesn’t lead to a file, for whatever reason. This
    /// gets used to determine how to highlight the link in grid views.
    pub fn is_broken(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Broken(_) | Self::Err(_))
    }
}


/// More readable aliases for the permission bits exposed by libc.
#[allow(trivial_numeric_casts)]
#[cfg(unix)]
mod modes {

    // The `libc::mode_t` type’s actual type varies, but the value returned
    // from `metadata.permissions().mode()` is always `u32`.
    pub type Mode = u32;

    pub const USER_READ: Mode     = libc::S_IRUSR as Mode;
    pub const USER_WRITE: Mode    = libc::S_IWUSR as Mode;
    pub const USER_EXECUTE: Mode  = libc::S_IXUSR as Mode;

    pub const GROUP_READ: Mode    = libc::S_IRGRP as Mode;
    pub const GROUP_WRITE: Mode   = libc::S_IWGRP as Mode;
    pub const GROUP_EXECUTE: Mode = libc::S_IXGRP as Mode;

    pub const OTHER_READ: Mode    = libc::S_IROTH as Mode;
    pub const OTHER_WRITE: Mode   = libc::S_IWOTH as Mode;
    pub const OTHER_EXECUTE: Mode = libc::S_IXOTH as Mode;

    pub const STICKY: Mode        = libc::S_ISVTX as Mode;
    pub const SETGID: Mode        = libc::S_ISGID as Mode;
    pub const SETUID: Mode        = libc::S_ISUID as Mode;
}


#[cfg(test)]
mod ext_test {
    use super::File;
    use std::path::Path;

    #[test]
    fn extension() {
        assert_eq!(Some("dat".to_string()), File::ext(Path::new("fester.dat")))
    }

    #[test]
    fn dotfile() {
        assert_eq!(Some("vimrc".to_string()), File::ext(Path::new(".vimrc")))
    }

    #[test]
    fn no_extension() {
        assert_eq!(None, File::ext(Path::new("jarlsberg")))
    }
}


#[cfg(test)]
mod filename_test {
    use super::File;
    use std::path::Path;

    #[test]
    fn file() {
        assert_eq!("fester.dat", File::filename(Path::new("fester.dat")))
    }

    #[test]
    fn no_path() {
        assert_eq!("foo.wha", File::filename(Path::new("/var/cache/foo.wha")))
    }

    #[test]
    fn here() {
        assert_eq!(".", File::filename(Path::new(".")))
    }

    #[test]
    fn there() {
        assert_eq!("..", File::filename(Path::new("..")))
    }

    #[test]
    fn everywhere() {
        assert_eq!("..", File::filename(Path::new("./..")))
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(unix)]
    fn topmost() {
        assert_eq!("/", File::filename(Path::new("/")))
    }
}