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<!doctype html>
<html lang=en id=release>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>OpenBSD 6.4</title>
<meta name="description" content="OpenBSD 6.4">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openbsd.org/64.html">
<h2 id=OpenBSD>
<a href="index.html">
<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
6.4
</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/Puffoil.jpg">
<img width="227" height="343" src="images/Puffoil.gif" alt="Puffoil"></a>
<td>
Released Oct 18, 2018<br>
Copyright 1997-2018, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<br>
<br>
Artwork by Aston Fenby.<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/6.4/</code> directory on
one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata64.html">the 6.4 errata page</a> for a list
of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus64.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
6.3 and 6.4 releases.
<p>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
pubkeys for this release:<p>
<table class=signify>
<tr><td>
openbsd-64-base.pub:
<td>
RWQq6XmS4eDAcQW4KsT5Ka0KwTQp2JMOP9V/DR4HTVOL5Bc0D7LeuPwA
<tr><td>
openbsd-64-fw.pub:
<td>
RWRoBbjnosJ/39llpve1XaNIrrQND4knG+jSBeIUYU8x4WNkxz6a2K97
<tr><td>
openbsd-64-pkg.pub:
<td>
RWRF5TTY+LoN/51QD5kM2hKDtMTzycQBBPmPYhyQEb1+4pff/H6fh/kA
</table>
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>
<hr>
<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 6.4.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus64.html">changelog</a> leading
to 6.4.
<ul>
<li>Improved hardware support, including:
<ul>
<li>ACPI support on OpenBSD/arm64 platforms.
<li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a>
driver was updated to code based on Linux 4.4.155, adding modesetting
support for KAVERI/KABINI/MULLINS APUs and
OLAND/BONAIRE/HAINAN/HAWAII GPUs.
<li>Support for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a>
on OpenBSD/arm64 platforms.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/umt.4">umt(4)</a> driver
for USB Windows Precision Touchpad devices.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bnxt.4">bnxt(4)</a>
driver for Broadcom NetXtreme-C/E PCI Express Ethernet
adapters based on the Broadcom BCM573xx and BCM574xx chipsets. Enabled
on amd64 and arm64 platforms.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mue.4">mue(4)</a>
driver for Microchip LAN7500/LAN7505/LAN7515/LAN7850 USB 2.0
and LAN7800/LAN7801 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet devices.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpisurface.4">acpisurface(4)</a>
driver providing ACPI support for Microsoft Surface Book laptops.
<li>New
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/agintcmsi.4">agintcmsi(4/arm64)</a>
driver for the ITS component of the ARM GIC.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwpcie.4">dwpcie(4)</a>
driver for the Synopsys Designware PCIe controller,
which is built into various SoCs.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpipci.4">acpipci(4/arm64)</a>
driver providing support for PCI host bridges
based on information provided by ACPI.
<li>New
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvclock.4">mvclock(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvgpio.4">mvgpio(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvicu.4">mvicu(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvrng.4">mvrng(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvrtc.4">mvrtc(4)</a>, and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvtemp.4">mvtemp(4)</a>
drivers for various components of the Marvell Armada SoCs.
<li>New
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hiclock.4">hiclock(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hidwusb.4">hidwusb(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hireset.4">hireset(4)</a>, and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hitemp.4">hitemp(4)</a>
drivers for various components of the HiSilicon SoCs.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ccp.4">ccp(4)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/octcrypto.4">octcrypto(4/octeon)</a>
drivers for hardware-accelerated cryptography.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ccpmic.4">ccpmic(4)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tipmic.4">tipmic(4)</a>
drivers for Intel Crystal Cove and Dollar Cove
TI Power Management ICs.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/imxrtc.4">imxrtc(4)</a>
driver for the RTC integrated in Freescale i.MX7 and i.MX8 processors.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fanpwr.4">fanpwr(4)</a>
driver for the Fairchild FAN53555 and Silergy SYR827/828
voltage regulators.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pinctrl.4">pinctrl(4)</a>
driver for generic pin multiplexing.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/plgpio.4">plgpio(4)</a>
driver for the ARM PrimeCell PL061 GPIO controller.
<li>PIE support for the m88k platform.
<li>Support for some HID-over-I²C touchscreen devices in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/imt.4">imt(4)</a>.
<li>Support for RTL8188EE and RTL8723AE in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtwn.4">rtwn(4)</a>.
<li>Support for RT3290 in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ral.4">ral(4)</a>.
<li>Support for SAS 3.5 controllers (SAS34xx and SAS35xx) in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpii.4">mpii(4)</a>.
<li>Support for drive and battery status sensors and bio in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mfii.4">mfii(4)</a>.
<li>On i386 Intel CPU microcode is loaded on boot.
<li>On i386 reduce the size of the area reserved for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/brk.2">brk(2)</a>
to make more memory available to anonymous
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a> calls.
<li>On sparc64 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomctl.8">ldomctl(8)</a>
now supports more modern firmware found on SPARC T2+ and T3 machines in
particular such as T1000, T5120 and T5240.
NVRAM variables can now be set per logical domain.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a>
better supports Synopsys Designware UARTs.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/islrtc.4">islrtc(4)</a>
driver for Intersil ISL1208 Real Time Clock.
<li>Support for the Huawei k3772 in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/umsm.4">umsm(4)</a>.
<li>Support for the VIA VX900 chipset in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/viapm.4">viapm(4)</a>.
<li>Support for GNSS networks other than GPS in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nmea.4">nmea(4)</a>.
<li>Support for Elantech trackpoints in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pms.4">pms(4)</a>.
<li>Added a sensor for port replicatior status to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpithinkpad.4">acpithinkpad(4)</a>.
<li>Support for Allwinner H3 and A64 SoC in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sxitemp.4">scitemp(4)</a>.
</ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a> improvements:
<ul>
<li>Support for qcow2 disk and snapshot images.
<li>Support for VM templates and derived instances in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vm.conf.5#VM_INSTANCES">vm.conf(5)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a>.
<li>Added initial <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>
support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a>
along with general cleanups.
<li>Various bug fixes and improvements.
</ul>
<li>IEEE 802.11 wireless stack improvements:
<ul>
<li>With the new 'join' feature (managed with <a
href="http://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig#IEEE_802.11_(WIRELESS_DEVICES)">
ifconfig(8)</a>), the kernel manages automatic switching between
different WiFi networks.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>
scan performance has been improved for many devices.
</ul>
<li>Generic network stack improvements:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/trunk.4">trunk(4)</a>
now has LACP administrative knobs for mode, timeout, system priority,
port priority, and ifq priority.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>
now has the ability to adjust LACP administrative knobs
<code>lacpmode</code> and <code>lacptimeout</code>.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sendmsg.2">sendmsg(2)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sendto.2">sendto(2)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/recvfrom.2">recvfrom(2)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/recvmsg.2">recvmsg(2)</a> are
run without KERNEL_LOCK.
<li>New global IPsec counters are available via
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/netstat.1">netstat(1)</a>.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eoip.4">eoip(4)</a>
interface for the MikroTik Ethernet over IP (EoIP)
encapsulation protocol.
</ul>
<li>Installer improvements:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/installurl.5">installurl(5)</a> now
defaults to
<a href="ftp.html">cdn.openbsd.org</a> if
no mirror was chosen during installation.
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syspatch.8">syspatch(8)</a>
will thus work out of the box.
<li>DUID can be used to answer the "Which disk is the root disk?"
question during upgrade.
<li>Installing a
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/diskless.8">diskless(8)</a>
setup can be done over interfaces configured with
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a>
now creates a /usr/obj partition with a minimum size of 5G when using
automatic disk allocation.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a>
now creates a /usr/local partition with a maximum size of 20G when
using automatic disk allocation.
</ul>
<li>Security improvements:
<ul>
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>
system call to restrict file system access of the calling
process to the specified files and directories. It is most
powerful when properly combined with privilege separation
and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>.
<li>Implemented MAP_STACK option for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>.
At pagefaults and syscalls the kernel will check that the
stack pointer points to MAP_STACK memory, which mitigates
against attacks using stack pivots.
<li>New RETGUARD security mechanism on amd64 and arm64:
use per-function random cookies to protect access to function
return instructions, making them harder to use in ROP gadgets.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang-local.1">clang(1)</a>
includes a pass that identifies common instructions which
may be useful in ROP gadgets and replaces them with safe
alternatives on amd64 and i386.
<li>The Retpoline mitigation against Spectre Variant 2 has been
enabled in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
and in assembly files on amd64 and i386.
<li>Added SpectreRSB mitigation on amd64.
<li>Added Intel L1 Terminal Fault mitigation on amd64.
<li>When available, PCIDs are used on amd64 to separate user
and kernel thread TLB entries.
<li>Meltdown mitigation was added to i386.
<li>amd64 now uses eager-FPU switching to prevent FPU state
information speculatively leaking across protection boundaries.
<li>Because Simultaneous MultiThreading (SMT) uses core resources in
a shared and unsafe manner, it is now disabled by default.
It can be enabled with the new <code>hw.smt</code>
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysctl.2">sysctl(2)</a> variable.
<li>Audio recording is now disabled by default and can be enabled
with the new <code>kern.audio.record</code>
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysctl.2">sysctl(2)</a> variable.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwnam.3">getpwnam(3)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwnam.3">getpwuid(3)</a> no
longer return a pointer to static storage but a managed allocation
which gets unmapped. This allows detection of access to stale entries.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a> includes
improved defence against user enumeration attacks.
</ul>
<li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a> can now set
the metric for a route depending on the status of an interface.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a> can now be
bound into an alternate routing domain.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a> is
now pledged.
<li>Prevent <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a> from being
started more than once (in the same routing domain).
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a> is now fully
pledged.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a> is informed by
the kernel when Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) fails and generates
different addresses when possible.
<li>When <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a> detects
roaming between networks, it deprecates all configured IPs. IPs from
newly advertised prefixes will be preferred.
<li>A new daemon, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rad.8">rad(8)</a>, sends
IPv6 Router Advertisement messages and replaces the old rtadvd(8)
daemon from KAME.
<li>The anachronistic
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.3/networks.5">networks(5)</a>
configuration file is no longer supported.
<li>More robust <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>
parsing routines and corner case fixes around table and anchor
handling.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/route.8">route(8)</a> now errors out
on bad <code>-netmask/-prefixlen</code> usage instead of configuring
ambiguous routes.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>
now adds a direct route to the default route gateway when the
gateway is not reachable via the address/netmask provided by the
lease.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>
now updates
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.leases.5">dhclient.leases(5)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a>,
and any '-L'
file before daemonizing and returning control
to invoking scripts.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>'s
'-i' option now discards any previously defined values for the options
to be ignored.
<li>Any change to any interface now causes
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>
to appropriately update
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a>.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>
now always records the client identifier used to obtain a lease,
enabling better conformance to RFC 6842.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>
now has the '-r' option to release the current lease and exit.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>
now avoids inappropriate changes to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a>
by ignoring
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.leases.5">dhclient.leases(5)</a>
for interfaces that cannot report their link status.
</ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> improvements:
<ul>
<li>The default filter action was changed from allow to deny.
<li>The config option 'announce (all|self|none|default-route)'
has been deprecated and superseded by filter configuration.
<li>Improved prefix-sets both in speed and user experience.
<li>Introduced as-sets to match ASPATH against large lists of AS numbers.
<li>Support for BGP Origin Validation
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6811">RFC 6811</a>
through the <code>roa-set</code> directive.
<li>Added origin-sets for matching prefix / origin AS pairs efficiently.
<li>Some syntax cleanups: newlines are optional inside expansion
lists (previously newlines needed to be escaped) but, in neighbor,
group and rdomain blocks multiple statements have to be on new lines.
<li>Reduce the amount of work done during a configuration reload.
<li>Config reloading no longer blocks other event handling in the
route decision engine.
<li>Better support and bugfixes for multiple bgpd processes
running in different rdomains.
</ul>
<li>Assorted improvements:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rasops.9">rasops(9)</a>-backed
framebuffer consoles such as
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inteldrm.4">inteldrm(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/efifb.4">efifb(4)</a> now support
scrollback.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rebound.8">rebound(8)</a>
gained support for permanent A records, similar to
<code>local-data</code>
supported by
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unbound.8">unbound(8)</a>.
<li>New
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/kcov.4">kcov(4)</a>
driver used for collection of code coverage inside the kernel.
It's used in an ongoing effort to fuzz the kernel.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uid_from_user.3">uid_from_user(3)</a>
and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gid_from_group.3">gid_from_group(3)</a>
were added to the C library and are now used in several programs
to speed up repeated lookups.
<li>New semaphore implementation making
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sem_post.3">sem_post(3)</a>
async-safe.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pcap_set_immediate_mode.3"
>pcap_set_immediate_mode(3)</a> was imported from mainline libpcap,
allowing programs to process packets as soon as they arrive.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ksh.1">ksh(1)</a> now supports
64-bit integers on all architectures.
<li>A bug in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ksh.1">ksh(1)</a>
related to variable expansion of read-only variables has been fixed.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lam.1">lam(1)</a>
now provides UTF-8 support.
<li>Enable <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/trunk.4">trunk(4)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vlan.4">vlan(4)</a> on arm64 RAMDISK.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> IP fragment
reassembly uses a better algorithm to make it robust against
denial of service attacks.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldap.1">ldap(1)</a>
tool implementing a simple LDAP search client.
<li>A bug in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/init.8">init(8)</a>
that caused hangs on i386 under VMware has been fixed.
<li>TFTP boot support was added for U-Boot based arm64 and armv7 platforms
via EFI Simple Network protocol.
<li>Support was added for the EFI Random Number Generator Protocol
to insert additional entropy into the kernel at boot.
<li>Support for RFC 3430 (TCP connections) was added to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a>.
<li>Enable <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> on amd64,
i386, arm64 and armv7. Also on loongson and macppc for USB devices.
<li>New "Spleen 5x8" font added to wsfont, targeted at small OLED displays.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/usbdevs.8">usbdevs(8)</a> now reports
USB port statuses.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/top.1">top(1)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/systat.1">systat(1)</a> now report
the time spent by each CPU waiting on spinning locks.
<li>Improved read speed on MSDOSFS via clustering.
<li>Access to NFS nodes is now serialized.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/systat.1">systat(1)</a>
has a new uvm view that displays statistics relevant to the UVM subsystem.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mg.1">mg(1)</a>
now handles carriage returns during incremental search by setting the
mark and exiting the search, as modern emacsen do.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a>
improved the rounding of partition offsets and
sizes to cylinder boundaries.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a>
now range checks all user input.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a>
no longer allows FS_RAID partitions to be given a mount point.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a>
now changes partition information only when all user
input is valid.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a> has
improved log directives in its configuration file for finer
grained control of what gets logged.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>
now handles terminfo colors greater than 256 correctly.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>
now supports client certificate authentication.
<li>Numerous improvements to the
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fuse.4">fuse(4)</a> subsystem.
<li>Improvements to the way the kernel searches for available
memory to satisfy anonymous
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>
calls.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/efifb.4">efifb(4)</a> now remaps
the EFI framebuffer early to use a write combining mapping, speeding
things up considerably.
</ul>
<li>OpenSMTPD
<ul>
<li>Incompatible change to the
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.conf.5">smtpd.conf(5)</a>
grammar: separate envelope matching, which happens during the
SMTP dialogue while receiving a message and merely results
in assigning an action name, from delivery actions, which do
not take effect until the queue runner makes a delivery attempt.
This gets rid of several different roadblocks in OpenSMTPD
development.
<li>Improve SMTP server engine with a new RFC 5322 message parser.
<li>Remove limitations preventing
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>
from dealing with clients submitting long lines.
<li>Improve security by moving expansion of .forward file variables
into the users' MDA process.
<li>Introduce MDA wrappers allowing recipient MDA commands to be
transparently wrapped inside global commands.
<li>A new <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtp.1">smtp(1)</a>
command line client has been added.
<li>Assorted documentation improvements, cleanups and minor bug fixes.
</ul>
<li><a href="https://www.openssh.com/releasenotes.html#7.9">OpenSSH 7.9</a>
<ul>
<li>New features:
<ul>
<li>In most places
in <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
and <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a> where
port numbers are used, service names (from /etc/services) can
now be used.
<li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
IdentityAgent configuration directive now accepts environment
variable names. This supports the use of multiple agent
sockets without needing to use fixed paths.
<li>Support signalling sessions via the SSH protocol in
<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>.
<li>"ssh -Q sig" can be used to list supported signature
options. Also "ssh -Q help" will show the full set of
supported queries.
<li>The new CASignatureAlgorithms option
in <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
and <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
controls the allowed signature formats for CAs to sign
certificates with. For example, this allows banning CAs that
sign certificates using the RSA-SHA1 signature algorithm.
<li>Key revocation lists (KRLs) can now contain keys specified
by SHA256 hash. These lists are managed
by <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.8">ssh-keygen(8)</a>. In
addition, KRLs can now be created from base64-encoded SHA256
fingerprints, i.e. from only the information contained
in <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
authentication log messages.
</ul>
<li>Non-exhaustive list of bug fixes:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
avoid spurious "invalid format" errors when attempting to load
PEM private keys while using an incorrect passphrase.
<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>: when a
channel closed message is received from a client, close the
stderr file descriptor at the same time stdout is closed. This
avoids stuck processes if they were waiting for stderr to
close and were insensitive to stdin/out closing.
<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>: allow
ForwardX11Timeout=0 to disable the untrusted X11 forwarding
timeout and support X11 forwarding indefinitely. Previously
the behaviour of ForwardX11Timeout=0 was undefined.
<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>: do not
fail closed when configured with a text key revocation list
that contains a too-short key.
<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>: treat
connections with ProxyJump specified the same as ones with a
ProxyCommand set with regards to hostname canonicalisation
(i.e. don't try to canonicalise the hostname unless
CanonicalizeHostname is set to 'always').
<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>: fix
regression in OpenSSH 7.8 that could prevent public-key
authentication using certificates hosted in
a <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a> or
against <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
from OpenSSH <7.8.
</ul>
</ul>
<li>LibreSSL 2.8.2
<ul>
<li>API and Documentation Enhancements
<ul>
<li>X.509 verification is now more strict so
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.3">X509_VERIFY_PARAM</a>
host, ip or email failure will cause future
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/X509_verify_cert.3">X509_verify_cert(3)</a>
calls to fail.
<li>Support for single DES cipher suites is removed.
<li>Support for RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 (RFC 8017) is added to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man3/RSA_sign.3">RSA_sign(3)</a>
<li>Modified signature of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/CRYPTO_mem_leaks.3">CRYPTO_mem_leaks_*(3)</a> to return -1. This function
is a no-op in LibreSSL, so this function returns an error to not
indicate the (non-)existence of memory leaks.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/SSL_copy_session_id.3">SSL_copy_session_id(3)</a>, PEM_Sign, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/EVP_EncodeUpdate.3">EVP_EncodeUpdate(3)</a>, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/BIO_set_cipher.3">BIO_set_cipher(3)</a>, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/X509_OBJECT_up_ref_count.3">X509_OBJECT_up_ref_count(3)</a> now return an int for error handling, matching OpenSSL.
<li>Converted a number of #defines into proper functions, matching
OpenSSL's ABI (e.g. <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/X509_CRL_get_issuer.3">X509_CRL_get_issuer(3)</a> and other X509_*get*(3) functions)
<li>Added X509_get0_serialNumber(3) from OpenSSL.
<li>Removed EVP_PKEY2PKCS8_broken(3) and PKCS8_set_broken(3), while adding
PKCS8_pkey_add1_attr_by_NID(3) and PKCS8_pkey_get0_attrs(3), matching
OpenSSL.
<li>Removed broken pkcs8 formats from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openssl.1">openssl(1)</a>.
<li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/RSA_meth_get_finish.3">RSA_meth_get_finish(3)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/RSA_meth_set1_name.3">RSA_meth_set1_name(3)</a> from OpenSSL.
<li>Added new <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_iv.3">EVP_CIPHER_CTX_(get|set)_iv(3)</a> API that allows the IV to be retrieved and set with appropriate validation.
<li>Extensive documentation updates and additional API history.
<li>Removed SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG buggy client workarounds.
<li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ENGINE_finish.3">ENGINE_finish(3)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ENGINE_free.3">ENGINE_free(3)</a> succeed on NULL and simplify callers and matching OpenSSL behavior, rewrote ENGINE_* documentation.
<li>Added const annotations to many existing APIs from OpenSSL, making
interoperability easier for downstream applications.
<li>Documented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/BN_set_flags.3#BUGS">security pitfalls</a> with BN_FLG_CONSTTIME and constant-time operation of BN_* functions.
</ul>
<li>Testing and Proactive Security
<ul>
<li>Added Wycheproof test support for ECDH, RSASSA-PSS, AES-GCM,
AES-CMAC, AES-CCM, AES-CBC-PKCS5, DSA, ChaCha20-Poly1305, ECDSA, and
X25519 test vectors. Applied appropriate fixes for errors uncovered by
tests.
<li>Added more cipher tests, including all TLSv1.2 ciphers.
<li>Added a blinding value when generating DSA and ECDSA signatures, in
order to reduce the possibility of a side-channel attack leaking the
private key.
<li>Added timing-safe compares for checking results of signature
verification.
<li>Added ECC constant time scalar multiplication support.
From Billy Brumley and his team at Tampere University of Technology.
</ul>
<li>Internal Improvements
<ul>
<li>Simplified key exchange signature generation and verification.
<li>Converted more code paths to use CBB/CBS. All handshake messages are
now created by CBB. RSA key exchange is simplified and uses dedicated
buffers for secrets.
<li>Simplified session ticket parsing and handling, inspired by
BoringSSL.
<li>Stopped handing AES-GCM in ssl_cipher_get_evp, since they use the
EVP_AEAD interface.
<li>Stopped using composite EVP_CIPHER AEADs.
<li>Removed unused SSL3_FLAGS_DELAY_CLIENT_FINISHED and
SSL3_FLAGS_POP_BUFFER flags in write path, simplifying IO paths.
<li>Updated BN_clear to use explicit_bzero.
<li>Cleaned up BN_* implementations following changes made in OpenSSL by
Davide Galassi and others.
<li>Revised the implementation of RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 to match the
specification in RFC 8017. Based on an OpenSSL commit by David
Benjamin.
</ul>
<li>Bug Fixes
<ul>
<li>Fixed a one-byte buffer overrun in callers of EVP_read_pw_string
<li>Fixed various memory leaks found by Coverity.
<li>Converted more functions in public API to use const arguments.
<li>Correctly clear the current cipher state, when changing cipher state.
This fixed an issue where renegotiation of cipher suites would fail
when switched from AEAD to non-AEAD or vice-versa.
Issue reported by Bernard Spil.
<li>Fixed a pair of 20+ year-old bugs in X509_NAME_add_entry
<li>Fixed a potential memory leak on failure in ASN1_item_digest
<li>Fixed a potential memory alignment crash in asn1_item_combine_free
<li>Fixed small timing side-channels in ecdsa_sign_setup and
dsa_sign_setup.
<li>Added a missing bounds check in c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING.
<li>Fixed a potential leak/incorrect return value in DSA signature
generation.
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Mandoc 1.14.4
<ul>
<li>In HTML output, many
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mdoc.7">mdoc(7)</a> macros
now use more fitting HTML elements.
<li>In HTML output, almost all "style" attributes and a number of
redundant "class" attributes were removed.
<li>Baby steps towards responsive design: use a @media query in
mandoc.css, use the HTML meta viewport element, and remove all
hard-coded widths and heights from the generated HTML code.
<li>Many style improvements in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.css">mandoc.css</a>.
<li>More than 15 new low level
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/roff.7">roff(7)</a>
and GNU man-ext features.
Mandoc can now format the manuals of the groff port.
</ul>
<li><p>Ports and packages:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/update-plist.1">update-plist(1)</a>
has been entirely rewritten and now figures out MULTI_PACKAGES and
variable substitution almost 100%.
<li>New packages now run maintenance database tools like
update-desktop-database just once instead of after
every package addition/removal.
<li>Ports infrastructure manuals
(<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bulk.8">bulk(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dpb.1">dpb(1)</a> and others) are now
included in the base install and are therefore readable without the
ports tree.
</ul>
<p>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
<!-- number of FTP packages minus SHA256, SHA256.sig, index.txt -->
<ul style="column-count: 3">
<li>aarch64: 8319
<li>amd64: 10304
<li>arm: 8324
<li>i386: 10230
<li>mips64: 7181
<li>mips64el: 7255
<li>powerpc: 8737
<li>sparc64: 7327
</ul>
<p>Some highlights:
<ul style="column-count: 2">
<li>AFL 2.52b
<li>CMake 3.10.2
<li>Chromium 69.0.3497.100
<li>Emacs 21.4 and 26.1
<li>GCC 4.9.4
<li>GHC 8.2.2
<li>Gimp 2.8.22
<li>GNOME 3.28.2
<li>Go 1.11
<li>Groff 1.22.3
<li>JDK 8u172
<li>LLVM/Clang 6.0.1
<li>LibreOffice 6.1.1.2
<li>Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4 and 5.3.5
<li>MariaDB 10.0.36
<li>Mono 5.14.0.177
<li>Mozilla Firefox 60.2.2esr and 62.0.3
<li>Mozilla Thunderbird 60.2.1
<li>Mutt 1.10.1 and NeoMutt 20180716
<li>Node.js 8.12.0
<li>OCaml 4.03.0
<li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.46
<li>PHP 5.6.38, 7.0.32, 7.1.22 and 7.2.10
<li>Postfix 3.3.1 and 3.4-20180904
<li>PostgreSQL 10.5
<li>Python 2.7.15 and 3.6.6
<li>R 3.5.1
<li>Ruby 2.3.7, 2.4.4 and 2.5.1
<li>Rust 1.29.2
<li>Sendmail 8.16.0.29
<li>SQLite3 3.24.0
<li>Sudo 1.8.25
<li>Tcl/Tk 8.5.19 and 8.6.8
<li>TeX Live 2017
<li>Vim 8.1.438
<li>Xfce 4.12
</ul>
<li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
<li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
<ul>
<li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.19.6 + patches,
freetype 2.9.1, fontconfig 2.12.4, Mesa 13.0.6, xterm 331,
xkeyboard-config 2.20 and more)
<li>LLVM/Clang 6.0.0 (+ patches)
<li>GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
<li>Perl 5.24.3 (+ patches)
<li>NSD 4.1.25
<li>Unbound 1.8.1
<li>Ncurses 5.7
<li>Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)
<li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
<li>Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
<li>Expat 2.2.6
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<hr>
<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Please refer to the following files on the mirror site for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 6.4 on your machine:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/amd64/INSTALL.amd64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/arm64/INSTALL.arm64">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/arm64/INSTALL.arm64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/armv7/INSTALL.armv7">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/armv7/INSTALL.armv7</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/i386/INSTALL.i386">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/i386/INSTALL.i386</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
.../OpenBSD/6.4/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64</a>
</ul>
</section>
<hr>
<section id=quickinstall>
<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the use of
the "<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel</a> -E" command.
If you are at all confused when installing OpenBSD, read the relevant
INSTALL.* file as listed above!
<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>floppy64.fs</i> or <i>floppyB64.fs</i> (depending on your machine)
to a diskette and enter <i>boot dva0</i>.
Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install64.iso</i> or
<i>cd64.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install64.fs</i> or
<i>miniroot64.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.
<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.
<h3>OpenBSD/arm64:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot64.fs</i> to a disk and boot from it after connecting
to the serial console. Refer to INSTALL.arm64 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/armv7:</h3>
<p>
Write a system specific miniroot to an SD card and boot from it after connecting
to the serial console. Refer to INSTALL.armv7 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>
<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install64.iso</i> or
<i>cd64.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install64.fs</i> or
<i>miniroot64.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.
<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.
<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot64.fs</i> to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.
<h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot64.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>
<p>
Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
from the PROM, and then bsd.rd from the bootloader.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>
<p>
Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/6.4/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
<h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>
<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
<p>
To install, burn cd64.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from
CD-ROM, and need a proper invocation from the PROM prompt.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
<p>
If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network
server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your
system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>
<p>
Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, boot from it, and type
<i>boot cdrom</i>.
<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>floppy64.fs</i> or <i>floppyB64.fs</i>
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
<p>
You can also write <i>miniroot64.fs</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 6.3 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade64.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources,
which are in a separate archive.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Go read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS checkout of our ports.
As with our complete source tree, our ports tree is available via
<a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
So, in order to keep up to date with the -stable branch, you must make
the <i>ports/</i> tree available on a read-write medium and update the tree
with a command like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr/ports</kbd>
# <kbd>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_6_4</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>